The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document discusses the consumer buying decision process. It describes the five stages of the consumer buying process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It notes that consumers fully utilize these stages for high involvement purchases but may skip stages for low involvement, everyday purchases. The document also outlines some limitations of only examining the consumer buying process theoretically without empirical data or case studies.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts that will be covered in the chapter on consumer decision-making. It summarizes the chapter goals which include understanding the consumer decision process, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase situations, post-purchase behavior, and levels of involvement in purchases. It then provides an opening vignette about how BlackBerry identified a solution for busy professionals by providing connectivity. Finally, it previews the types of consumer purchase behaviors that will be discussed including routine, limited problem-solving, extensive decision-making, and impulse purchases.
Marketing project on " Consumer Buying Behaviour "Virender Singh
1) The document discusses consumer buying behavior and how characteristics influence purchasing decisions. It covers factors like culture, personal attributes, and psychology.
2) Consumer buying behavior is divided into consumer behavior for personal use and business behavior for resale. Roles in consumer buying include the initiator, influencer, decider, buyer, and user.
3) Types of consumer buying behavior are complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety-seeking depending on involvement and awareness of brand differences.
This document outlines the topics and units covered in a course on consumer behavior taught at IILM Graduate School of Management. The 8 units cover key aspects that influence consumer decision making like cultural, social, personal, psychological factors as well as the consumer decision making process and diffusion of innovation. The document also provides examples of class activities like asking students to analyze their own past purchases and key concepts covered in the course like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the consumer decision making process, and types of consumer benefits.
This document discusses several models of consumer behavior:
1) The Nicosia Model which shows the relationship between a firm's attributes, a consumer's attributes, and the consumer's decision making process.
2) The Howard-Sheth Model which views consumer behavior as a rational problem solving process influenced by stimuli and resulting in actions. It identifies inputs, constructs, and outputs in the consumer's decision process.
3) The Engel-Kollat-Blackwell Model which is a highly comprehensive, multi-stage model that treats the individual as a system and recognizes intervening variables between initial inputs and final outputs. It takes into account psychological and environmental factors.
This document outlines a course on consumer behavior taught at IILM-Graduate School of Management. It discusses how Indian universities do not adequately teach consumer behavior to MBA students. The course aims to fill this gap by covering concepts, models, and factors that influence consumer decision-making, including cultural, social, individual, and psychological influences. It also examines consumer behavior processes like decision-making and the diffusion of innovation. The course uses lectures, case studies, assignments and exams to teach these topics and help students understand consumer behavior in the Indian context.
The document outlines the topics covered in a Consumer Behavior course taught at IILM Graduate School of Management. The 8 units cover key aspects of consumer behavior like consumer decision making process, cultural and social influences, and models of consumer behavior. It also provides examples of analyzing consumer behavior, the importance of studying consumer behavior for marketers, and concepts like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, value proposition, and stages in consumer decision making process.
The document discusses the consumer buying decision process. It describes the five stages of the consumer buying process: problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It notes that consumers fully utilize these stages for high involvement purchases but may skip stages for low involvement, everyday purchases. The document also outlines some limitations of only examining the consumer buying process theoretically without empirical data or case studies.
This document provides an overview of the key concepts that will be covered in the chapter on consumer decision-making. It summarizes the chapter goals which include understanding the consumer decision process, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase situations, post-purchase behavior, and levels of involvement in purchases. It then provides an opening vignette about how BlackBerry identified a solution for busy professionals by providing connectivity. Finally, it previews the types of consumer purchase behaviors that will be discussed including routine, limited problem-solving, extensive decision-making, and impulse purchases.
Marketing project on " Consumer Buying Behaviour "Virender Singh
1) The document discusses consumer buying behavior and how characteristics influence purchasing decisions. It covers factors like culture, personal attributes, and psychology.
2) Consumer buying behavior is divided into consumer behavior for personal use and business behavior for resale. Roles in consumer buying include the initiator, influencer, decider, buyer, and user.
3) Types of consumer buying behavior are complex, dissonance-reducing, habitual, and variety-seeking depending on involvement and awareness of brand differences.
This document outlines the topics and units covered in a course on consumer behavior taught at IILM Graduate School of Management. The 8 units cover key aspects that influence consumer decision making like cultural, social, personal, psychological factors as well as the consumer decision making process and diffusion of innovation. The document also provides examples of class activities like asking students to analyze their own past purchases and key concepts covered in the course like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the consumer decision making process, and types of consumer benefits.
This document discusses several models of consumer behavior:
1) The Nicosia Model which shows the relationship between a firm's attributes, a consumer's attributes, and the consumer's decision making process.
2) The Howard-Sheth Model which views consumer behavior as a rational problem solving process influenced by stimuli and resulting in actions. It identifies inputs, constructs, and outputs in the consumer's decision process.
3) The Engel-Kollat-Blackwell Model which is a highly comprehensive, multi-stage model that treats the individual as a system and recognizes intervening variables between initial inputs and final outputs. It takes into account psychological and environmental factors.
This document outlines a course on consumer behavior taught at IILM-Graduate School of Management. It discusses how Indian universities do not adequately teach consumer behavior to MBA students. The course aims to fill this gap by covering concepts, models, and factors that influence consumer decision-making, including cultural, social, individual, and psychological influences. It also examines consumer behavior processes like decision-making and the diffusion of innovation. The course uses lectures, case studies, assignments and exams to teach these topics and help students understand consumer behavior in the Indian context.
The document outlines the topics covered in a Consumer Behavior course taught at IILM Graduate School of Management. The 8 units cover key aspects of consumer behavior like consumer decision making process, cultural and social influences, and models of consumer behavior. It also provides examples of analyzing consumer behavior, the importance of studying consumer behavior for marketers, and concepts like Maslow's hierarchy of needs, value proposition, and stages in consumer decision making process.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of a textbook on consumer behavior and marketing management. It discusses consumer benefits, the total product concept, market segmentation strategies, positioning, consumer decision-making models including the EKB model, and external influences on consumer behavior. The overall objectives are to understand why consumers make purchasing decisions and how marketers can improve their understanding of consumers.
This document provides an overview of consumer behaviour models including Lawson's model, the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model, and Howard & Sheth model. It discusses factors that influence consumer behavior such as cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also summarizes buyer decision processes, types of purchasing behaviors, and models of diffusion of innovations.
A STUDY OF CONSUMER BUYING PREFERENCE TOWARDS LAPTOPS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...Manik Mukherjee
This document discusses consumer buying behavior and preferences. It begins by defining consumer behavior as the study of how consumers search for, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services. It then discusses some key factors that influence consumer behavior, including perception, learning, and personality. It also discusses organizational buying behavior and the organizational buying decision process. Finally, it provides an industry profile on the laptop computer industry, discussing key laptop components and specifications that consumers consider when making purchasing decisions.
Here are brief answers to the questions:
1. Consumer Behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of products/services by individuals, groups or organizations and the processes involved in these activities.
2. Individual determinants include psychological factors like motivation, perception, learning, attitudes, personality etc. Environmental influences include cultural, social, personal and economic factors.
3. Yes, Consumer Behavior is interdisciplinary as it draws from psychology, sociology, anthropology and economics.
4. The basic components in consumption behavior are cognition, affect and behavior.
5. The various buying roles include initiator, influencer, decider, purchaser and user.
6. The key disciplines that have contributed are psychology
A study on consumer buying behaviour of intel and AMD processors Ashwin Jai
The document discusses the results of a study on consumer buying behavior of Intel and AMD processors. 27 respondents participated in an online questionnaire. Key findings include:
- Respondents considered factors like clock speed, accuracy, response time and multi-core processing equally important in purchases.
- Brand, price, energy consumption, warranty and after-sales service were rated as very important or important factors influencing purchase decisions.
- 66% of respondents were familiar with Intel processors while only 28% were familiar with AMD processors. Most had heard of AMD but not used their products.
- 97% of respondents had seen or heard Intel advertisements while none had seen AMD advertisements.
This document discusses a case study on marketing the BPL Sanyo refrigerator. It describes the consumer decision making process and how it applies to this case. It involves 6 stages: stimulus, problem awareness, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. For the BPL refrigerator, the marketing team needs to understand consumer behavior, segment the market, and position the product appropriately to appeal to high-income families. The purchase process for a premium refrigerator requires a long-term strategy to guide consumers through the adoption stages.
Consumer Behaviour, Consumer Buying Process and Consumer Adoption ProcessSreedeep Ramesh
Consumer buying process
Consumer Adoption Process
Factors affecting both processes
Role of Technology in CBP and CAP
Marketing and Consumer Behaviour
For more information contact: sreedeep2007@gmail.com
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It describes the buyer decision process, which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It also outlines numerous psychological, social, cultural, and personal factors that affect consumers' perceptions, preferences, and purchase decisions, such as social class, reference groups, lifestyle, personality, motivation, and attitudes.
Buying behaviour of working adults towards branded apparel in select indian c...Shubha Brota Raha
The Indian apparel market has demonstrated resilience and growth in an environment characterized by slow economic growth. The domestic apparel market, which was worth INR 207,400 crore (~USD 38 billion) as of 2012, is expected to grow at a compound average growth rate (CAGR) of 9% over the next decade. After food and grocery, it is the 2nd biggest category under organized as well as unorganized retail. Further, on 7 December 2012, the Federal Government of India allowed 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India.
The face of Indian apparel market is changing very fast. A new class of customers with more money to spend, and a growing passion for fashion, has been generated by swift development and rising urbanization. In India’s high-growth, fast-changing retail clothing market, one can see significant new growth opportunities for foreign and domestic players. Much has been talked about all these issues viz. future of apparel retail in India, the impact of foreign players on the domestic apparel retailers etc. But we should not forget that customers are the end beneficiary of all the retail activities. As a democratic country with high growth rates, the consumer spending has risen sharply as the youth population (33 percent of India‘s population is below the age of 15) has seen a significant increase in its disposable income. The apparel fashion plays a paramount role in shaping apparel consumerism. As lifestyles change, fashion in India is becoming more diversified, as in the Western countries. Technology, ideas and lifestyles are moving concurrently and quickly. Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. Companies and brands that offered monotonous and mundane products for years, have now multiplied their product ranges and new appealing styles, shapes and forms are being launched each season by them. Hence, it becomes crucial to find out the perception of customers towards the various retail developments in apparel segment and the factors responsible for choosing a particular apparel store.
In the view of the above, an attempt was made not only to analyze the customers’ perception towards various retail developments in apparel segment but also to find out their buying behaviour with special reference to three select regions in India – Delhi & NCR, Mumbai and Bangalore.
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior as a field of study. It defines consumer behavior as the study of how individuals select, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services. Consumer behavior involves complex processes and is influenced by many factors, including marketing activities. The field draws from diverse disciplines and can be studied from different perspectives, such as using positivist or interpretivist approaches. Understanding consumer behavior allows marketers to better segment markets and tailor their strategies. The document outlines some of the key topics that will be covered in the book.
The document discusses the consumer decision making process for online purchases. It outlines the typical stages consumers go through - problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, product choice, and post-purchase evaluation. Marketers attempt to influence each stage, especially for high involvement products. Information search online provides centralized information but lacks human interaction. Evaluating alternatives depends on involvement level and decision rules used. Journal articles examine purchasing cars and music online, the role of trust in online intentions, and risks of innovative services like internet banking.
This document summarizes research conducted to understand consumer behavior when shopping for door hardware in retail stores. Researchers observed over 500 consumers and conducted interviews. They found that consumers start in the center of the aisle to assess product quality and price across brands. Many compare prices from a distance before interacting with products. Touching mounted displays is important, especially for high-end consumers. Consumers carefully examine product packaging for ease of installation information. Comparing multiple products and brands is also common. The research provides insights into how placement, packaging, and product features influence purchase decisions.
Impact of Branding on consumer buying behaviour Aasim Mushtaq
The document discusses research on the impact of branding on consumer buying behavior. It lists researchers and examines literature on factors like price, quality, country of origin, and advertising that influence consumers' preferences for international versus local brands. The research was conducted in Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan through a survey of 200 consumers. It tests hypotheses about how various brand attributes affect purchase decisions and finds that quality and price most strongly guide behavior, while ad campaigns and social status play a nominal role.
1. The document discusses decision rules that consumers use when purchasing cars, such as compensatory and non-compensatory rules. Compensatory rules allow trade-offs between attributes, while non-compensatory rules do not.
2. It provides examples of how different decision rules may be applied in car purchasing, such as using the lexicographic rule to prioritize price before other attributes for a used car. Consumers also often use weighted compensatory rules to evaluate multiple important attributes of new cars.
3. A survey found that brand name and price are the two most important attributes for car purchasers in Pakistan, though other functional and hedonic features are also considered, explaining preferences there for
1. The document analyzes factors influencing consumer buying behavior when purchasing smartphones. It conducted a survey of 100 students and staff at VIT University in Vellore, India.
2. The survey found that 87% of respondents were male and brand and price were the most important factors considered when purchasing a smartphone. Most respondents purchased smartphones from dealers and retailers and paid in cash.
3. The majority of respondents purchased smartphones that cost between 5000-10000 Indian rupees. The top findings were that males comprised most respondents and that brands play an important role in purchasing decisions for branded products.
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
Webster and Wind Model B2B Buying behaviour
Introduction: Webster and Wind (1972) developed a general model for organizational buying behaviour.
According to webster (1965), to understand Organizational Buying Behavior(OBB), it is necessary to examine both organizational and individual decision making, since, as emphasized by Webster and wind (1972), individual behaviour is the base of all organizational buying behaviour.
Environmental: For example, in a recessionary(COVID) economic condition, industrial firms minimize the number of items purchased. The environmental factors influence the buying decisions of individual organizations.
Organisational: These variables particularly influence the composition and functioning of the buying centre, and also, the degree of centralization or decentralization in the purchasing function in the buying organization.
Buying Centre and organisational Variable: A buying centre also called the decision-making unit, brings together "all those members of an organization who become involved in the buying process for a particular product or service“. OBB is influenced by the organizational variables, the environmental variables and the individual variables. The output of the group decision-making process of the buying centre includes solutions to the buying problems of the organization and also the satisfaction of personal goals of individual members of the buying centre.
Individual: Ultimately its individuals making the decision of buying or not or from where so characteristics of individuals, education, experience, values, income affects the buying behaviour
End: strengths of the model, developed in 1972, are that it is comprehensive, generally applicable, analytical and that it identifies many key variables, which could be considered while developing marketing strategies by industrial marketers. However, the model is weak in explaining the specific influence of the key variables.
These variables particularly influence the composition and functioning of the buying Centre and also the degree of centralization or decentralization in the purchasing function of the buying organization. The functioning of the buying Centre is influenced by the organizational variables
BB Chapter Six: Outlet Selection and PurchaseBBAdvisor
The document discusses factors that influence consumer decisions regarding retail outlet and product selection. It covers how the retail environment is changing with increased internet shopping. Key factors that affect outlet selection include outlet image, retailer brands, advertising, location and size. Consumer characteristics like shopping orientation and perceived risk also influence choices. In-store influences can alter intended brand choices through reminder purchases, impulse buys, and promotional strategies. A multi-channel approach using both physical and online shopping is becoming more common.
An observational study was conducted at a retail store to analyze consumer behavior. The target groups observed were women aged 30-55, who made up 75% of footfall, and men aged 21-25 and 32-45. For FMCG products like detergent and shampoo, women tended to search shelves for specific brands while most men picked from top shelves. At soap and shampoo displays, women inspected products closely before choosing while younger women favored Dove and Sunsilk. Few visited the medical/chemist section and those who did bought only a few items. The liquor section only had male customers, some shopping alone and others while partners shopped elsewhere. Items like snacks and toys near checkouts enticed 1
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Experimental Study of Low Velocity Impact (Lvi) On Fibre Glass Reinforced ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document provides an overview of key concepts from Chapter 1 of a textbook on consumer behavior and marketing management. It discusses consumer benefits, the total product concept, market segmentation strategies, positioning, consumer decision-making models including the EKB model, and external influences on consumer behavior. The overall objectives are to understand why consumers make purchasing decisions and how marketers can improve their understanding of consumers.
This document provides an overview of consumer behaviour models including Lawson's model, the Engel-Kollat-Blackwell model, and Howard & Sheth model. It discusses factors that influence consumer behavior such as cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. It also summarizes buyer decision processes, types of purchasing behaviors, and models of diffusion of innovations.
A STUDY OF CONSUMER BUYING PREFERENCE TOWARDS LAPTOPS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...Manik Mukherjee
This document discusses consumer buying behavior and preferences. It begins by defining consumer behavior as the study of how consumers search for, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services. It then discusses some key factors that influence consumer behavior, including perception, learning, and personality. It also discusses organizational buying behavior and the organizational buying decision process. Finally, it provides an industry profile on the laptop computer industry, discussing key laptop components and specifications that consumers consider when making purchasing decisions.
Here are brief answers to the questions:
1. Consumer Behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of products/services by individuals, groups or organizations and the processes involved in these activities.
2. Individual determinants include psychological factors like motivation, perception, learning, attitudes, personality etc. Environmental influences include cultural, social, personal and economic factors.
3. Yes, Consumer Behavior is interdisciplinary as it draws from psychology, sociology, anthropology and economics.
4. The basic components in consumption behavior are cognition, affect and behavior.
5. The various buying roles include initiator, influencer, decider, purchaser and user.
6. The key disciplines that have contributed are psychology
A study on consumer buying behaviour of intel and AMD processors Ashwin Jai
The document discusses the results of a study on consumer buying behavior of Intel and AMD processors. 27 respondents participated in an online questionnaire. Key findings include:
- Respondents considered factors like clock speed, accuracy, response time and multi-core processing equally important in purchases.
- Brand, price, energy consumption, warranty and after-sales service were rated as very important or important factors influencing purchase decisions.
- 66% of respondents were familiar with Intel processors while only 28% were familiar with AMD processors. Most had heard of AMD but not used their products.
- 97% of respondents had seen or heard Intel advertisements while none had seen AMD advertisements.
This document discusses a case study on marketing the BPL Sanyo refrigerator. It describes the consumer decision making process and how it applies to this case. It involves 6 stages: stimulus, problem awareness, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase evaluation. For the BPL refrigerator, the marketing team needs to understand consumer behavior, segment the market, and position the product appropriately to appeal to high-income families. The purchase process for a premium refrigerator requires a long-term strategy to guide consumers through the adoption stages.
Consumer Behaviour, Consumer Buying Process and Consumer Adoption ProcessSreedeep Ramesh
Consumer buying process
Consumer Adoption Process
Factors affecting both processes
Role of Technology in CBP and CAP
Marketing and Consumer Behaviour
For more information contact: sreedeep2007@gmail.com
The document discusses consumer buying behavior and the factors that influence it. It describes the buyer decision process, which includes need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. It also outlines numerous psychological, social, cultural, and personal factors that affect consumers' perceptions, preferences, and purchase decisions, such as social class, reference groups, lifestyle, personality, motivation, and attitudes.
Buying behaviour of working adults towards branded apparel in select indian c...Shubha Brota Raha
The Indian apparel market has demonstrated resilience and growth in an environment characterized by slow economic growth. The domestic apparel market, which was worth INR 207,400 crore (~USD 38 billion) as of 2012, is expected to grow at a compound average growth rate (CAGR) of 9% over the next decade. After food and grocery, it is the 2nd biggest category under organized as well as unorganized retail. Further, on 7 December 2012, the Federal Government of India allowed 51% FDI in multi-brand retail in India.
The face of Indian apparel market is changing very fast. A new class of customers with more money to spend, and a growing passion for fashion, has been generated by swift development and rising urbanization. In India’s high-growth, fast-changing retail clothing market, one can see significant new growth opportunities for foreign and domestic players. Much has been talked about all these issues viz. future of apparel retail in India, the impact of foreign players on the domestic apparel retailers etc. But we should not forget that customers are the end beneficiary of all the retail activities. As a democratic country with high growth rates, the consumer spending has risen sharply as the youth population (33 percent of India‘s population is below the age of 15) has seen a significant increase in its disposable income. The apparel fashion plays a paramount role in shaping apparel consumerism. As lifestyles change, fashion in India is becoming more diversified, as in the Western countries. Technology, ideas and lifestyles are moving concurrently and quickly. Indian market has high complexities in terms of a wide geographic spread and distinct consumer preferences varying by each region necessitating a need for localization even within the geographic zones. Companies and brands that offered monotonous and mundane products for years, have now multiplied their product ranges and new appealing styles, shapes and forms are being launched each season by them. Hence, it becomes crucial to find out the perception of customers towards the various retail developments in apparel segment and the factors responsible for choosing a particular apparel store.
In the view of the above, an attempt was made not only to analyze the customers’ perception towards various retail developments in apparel segment but also to find out their buying behaviour with special reference to three select regions in India – Delhi & NCR, Mumbai and Bangalore.
This document provides an overview of consumer behavior as a field of study. It defines consumer behavior as the study of how individuals select, purchase, use, and dispose of products and services. Consumer behavior involves complex processes and is influenced by many factors, including marketing activities. The field draws from diverse disciplines and can be studied from different perspectives, such as using positivist or interpretivist approaches. Understanding consumer behavior allows marketers to better segment markets and tailor their strategies. The document outlines some of the key topics that will be covered in the book.
The document discusses the consumer decision making process for online purchases. It outlines the typical stages consumers go through - problem recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, product choice, and post-purchase evaluation. Marketers attempt to influence each stage, especially for high involvement products. Information search online provides centralized information but lacks human interaction. Evaluating alternatives depends on involvement level and decision rules used. Journal articles examine purchasing cars and music online, the role of trust in online intentions, and risks of innovative services like internet banking.
This document summarizes research conducted to understand consumer behavior when shopping for door hardware in retail stores. Researchers observed over 500 consumers and conducted interviews. They found that consumers start in the center of the aisle to assess product quality and price across brands. Many compare prices from a distance before interacting with products. Touching mounted displays is important, especially for high-end consumers. Consumers carefully examine product packaging for ease of installation information. Comparing multiple products and brands is also common. The research provides insights into how placement, packaging, and product features influence purchase decisions.
Impact of Branding on consumer buying behaviour Aasim Mushtaq
The document discusses research on the impact of branding on consumer buying behavior. It lists researchers and examines literature on factors like price, quality, country of origin, and advertising that influence consumers' preferences for international versus local brands. The research was conducted in Mandi Bahauddin, Pakistan through a survey of 200 consumers. It tests hypotheses about how various brand attributes affect purchase decisions and finds that quality and price most strongly guide behavior, while ad campaigns and social status play a nominal role.
1. The document discusses decision rules that consumers use when purchasing cars, such as compensatory and non-compensatory rules. Compensatory rules allow trade-offs between attributes, while non-compensatory rules do not.
2. It provides examples of how different decision rules may be applied in car purchasing, such as using the lexicographic rule to prioritize price before other attributes for a used car. Consumers also often use weighted compensatory rules to evaluate multiple important attributes of new cars.
3. A survey found that brand name and price are the two most important attributes for car purchasers in Pakistan, though other functional and hedonic features are also considered, explaining preferences there for
1. The document analyzes factors influencing consumer buying behavior when purchasing smartphones. It conducted a survey of 100 students and staff at VIT University in Vellore, India.
2. The survey found that 87% of respondents were male and brand and price were the most important factors considered when purchasing a smartphone. Most respondents purchased smartphones from dealers and retailers and paid in cash.
3. The majority of respondents purchased smartphones that cost between 5000-10000 Indian rupees. The top findings were that males comprised most respondents and that brands play an important role in purchasing decisions for branded products.
Introduction to Consumer Behaviour; Consumer Behaviour
and Marketing Strategy; Consumer Involvement – Levels
of involvement, and Decision Making
Consumer Decision Process – Stages in Decision Process,
Information Search Process; Evaluative Criteria and
Decision Rules, Consumer Motivation – Types of Consumer
Needs, Ways of Motivating Consumers. Information
Processing and Consumer Perception.
Consumer Attitudes and Attitude Change; Influence of
Personality and Self Concept on Buying Behaviour,
Psychographics and Lifestyles, Impuse Buying.
Diffusion of Innovation and Opinion Leadership, Family
Decision Making, Influence of Reference Group
Industrial Buying Behaviour– Process and factors, Models
of Consumer Behaviour – Harward Seth, Nicosia, E& D,
Economic Model; Introduction to Consumer Behaviour
Audit; Consumer Behaviour Studies in India
Webster and Wind Model B2B Buying behaviour
Introduction: Webster and Wind (1972) developed a general model for organizational buying behaviour.
According to webster (1965), to understand Organizational Buying Behavior(OBB), it is necessary to examine both organizational and individual decision making, since, as emphasized by Webster and wind (1972), individual behaviour is the base of all organizational buying behaviour.
Environmental: For example, in a recessionary(COVID) economic condition, industrial firms minimize the number of items purchased. The environmental factors influence the buying decisions of individual organizations.
Organisational: These variables particularly influence the composition and functioning of the buying centre, and also, the degree of centralization or decentralization in the purchasing function in the buying organization.
Buying Centre and organisational Variable: A buying centre also called the decision-making unit, brings together "all those members of an organization who become involved in the buying process for a particular product or service“. OBB is influenced by the organizational variables, the environmental variables and the individual variables. The output of the group decision-making process of the buying centre includes solutions to the buying problems of the organization and also the satisfaction of personal goals of individual members of the buying centre.
Individual: Ultimately its individuals making the decision of buying or not or from where so characteristics of individuals, education, experience, values, income affects the buying behaviour
End: strengths of the model, developed in 1972, are that it is comprehensive, generally applicable, analytical and that it identifies many key variables, which could be considered while developing marketing strategies by industrial marketers. However, the model is weak in explaining the specific influence of the key variables.
These variables particularly influence the composition and functioning of the buying Centre and also the degree of centralization or decentralization in the purchasing function of the buying organization. The functioning of the buying Centre is influenced by the organizational variables
BB Chapter Six: Outlet Selection and PurchaseBBAdvisor
The document discusses factors that influence consumer decisions regarding retail outlet and product selection. It covers how the retail environment is changing with increased internet shopping. Key factors that affect outlet selection include outlet image, retailer brands, advertising, location and size. Consumer characteristics like shopping orientation and perceived risk also influence choices. In-store influences can alter intended brand choices through reminder purchases, impulse buys, and promotional strategies. A multi-channel approach using both physical and online shopping is becoming more common.
An observational study was conducted at a retail store to analyze consumer behavior. The target groups observed were women aged 30-55, who made up 75% of footfall, and men aged 21-25 and 32-45. For FMCG products like detergent and shampoo, women tended to search shelves for specific brands while most men picked from top shelves. At soap and shampoo displays, women inspected products closely before choosing while younger women favored Dove and Sunsilk. Few visited the medical/chemist section and those who did bought only a few items. The liquor section only had male customers, some shopping alone and others while partners shopped elsewhere. Items like snacks and toys near checkouts enticed 1
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Experimental Study of Low Velocity Impact (Lvi) On Fibre Glass Reinforced ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Performance Analysis of Dispersion Compensation in Long Haul Optical Fiber u...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
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The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
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The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
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The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Advanced Embedded Automatic Car Parking Systemtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
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The acknowledgement thanks various individuals who provided support and guidance in completing the project, including the director of the institute, a professor who provided guidance and support, and fellow students.
The abstract introduces the topic of studying the factors that influence consumers' purchase decisions of laptops and whether there are differences among consumer groups (stayers, satisfied switchers, dissatisfied switchers) in the importance given to these factors. It also discusses understanding the attitudes of these three customer groups to help with retention and loyalty strategies.
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For #Enquiry:
Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/blog/key-factors-influencing-customer-purchasing-behaviour/
India: +91 91769 66446
Email: info@phdassistance.com
Consumer purchasing behavior describes the steps consumers take before purchasing a good or service, both online and offline. It’s challenging to categorize anything as complex as consumer purchasing behavior into four orderly groups.
For #Enquiry:
Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/blog/key-factors-influencing-customer-purchasing-behaviour/
India: +91 91769 66446
Email: info@phdassistance.com
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factor consumers’ purchase behavior.
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20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
H03502040043
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 3 || Issue || 5 || Pages || 40-43 || 2014 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 40
A study on buying behavioral pattern of Women drivers
regarding B segment cars in Bangalore
1,
Prof. Elizabeth Chacko, 2,
Ms. Punnya Selvaraj
1,
(Selection Grade Lecturer, Garden City College)
(2nd
Year MBA, Garden City College)
-------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT---------------------------------------------------
In this era of modernisation, four wheelers are nowadays a necessity rather than symbol of status for every
individual. Automobile Industry witnessed the boom in recent years. The present study focuses on various
factors influencing buying behaviour of consumer while purchasing car. This paper has made a exploratory
approach to identify the key factors that influence the women consumers (a) while selecting the appropriate four
wheelers especially in B segment cars by considering the parameters such as mileage, maintenance cost,
comfort and brand which are ambiguous and imprecise in nature. With regards to the selection of four wheelers
like cars, the women consumers are in dilemma to identify and select an appropriate model. Earlier the four
wheelers were designed only for male fraternity. The survey has been conducted in analyzing the customer’s
preferences in buying a car by data collected through questionnaire from 50 consumers in Bangalore.
Consumer behaviour study is based on consumer buying behaviour, with the consumer playing the three distinct
roles of users, payer and buyer. Consumer behaviour is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do
not buy products. It blends elements from psychology, sociology and economics. It attempts to understand the
buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. The main objective of the research is to identify
the preferences of women while purchasing a four wheeler. The survey will be helpful for the automobile
industry and others who would like to study the buying behaviour of the women drivers.
Main key words: - behaviour pattern, consumer, consumer preferences, marketing mix, buying preferences.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 05 May 2014 Date of Publication: 15 May 2014
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
The Automobile Industry is growing and if compared the sales and production of four wheelers is more. Earlier
there was a phase when two wheelers were more in demand. But nowadays four wheelers are essential for every family. It is
not just a status symbol but a necessity and comfort what people prefer now. Also if we compare the four wheeler models
like car which can be driven by females were least in market because the market was male dominant. But now there is
drastic change. Earlier car which can be driven by female was only Maruti 800, all other like Tata Sumo, Bolero,
Ambassador etc. In this new era we can see segment for small four wheeler car quite large.
The passenger car and motorcycle segment in the Indian auto industry is growingby8-9percent.The1st
womandriverwas
Mrs. Suzanne RD Tata. As per the survey unlike the USA, the Indian passenger vehicle market is dominated
by cars(79%).EarlieritwasjustMaruti,Hyundai,ChevroletandTatawhowereintosmallcarsegmentbutnowweareawarethatMahindra,Renaultalso
hascome.ThedreamofTatagrouptomanufacturethesmallestcarwasalsoonewayforthepeopletothinkofbuyingafourwheeler.
II. CONSUMER BEHAVIOR
Consumer behaviour study is based on consumer buying behaviour, with the consumer playing the three distinct
roles of users, payer and buyer. Consumer behaviour is the study of when, why, how, and where people do or do not buy
products. It blends elements from psychology, sociology, social anthropology and economics. It attempts to understand the
buyer decision making process, both individually and in groups. It studies characteristics of individual consumers such as
demographics and behavioural variables in an attempt to understand people's wants. It also tries to assess influences on the
consumer from groups such as family, friends, reference groups, and society in general. Consumer behaviour is dynamic
emphasis that consumer behaviour is dynamic. This means individual consumers, consumer groups, and society at large are
constantly changing and evolving over time. This has important implications for the study of consumer behaviour as well as
for developing marketing strategies. In terms of studying consumer behaviour, one implication is that generalizations about
consumer behaviour are usually limited to specific periods of time, products, and individuals or groups.
2. A study on buying behavioral pattern of Women drivers…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 41
Ever wonder how you make a decision when you buy something? Do you naturally go through a
process? Well, research has shown that a consumer goes through a buying decision process when purchasing
something. Now, that‟s great, you now have a new piece of information for your next trivial pursuit game –
right. Buying behaviour has been of great interest to marketers. The knowledge of consumer behaviour helps the
automobile industry to understand how consumers think, feel and select from alternatives like products, brands
and the like and how the consumers are influenced by their environment, the reference groups, family, and so
on. A consumer‟s buying behaviour is influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. Pre-
purchase activity might consist of the growing awareness of a need or want, and a search for and evaluation of
information about the products and brands that might satisfy it. Post-purchase activities include the evaluation of
the purchased item in use and the reduction of any anxiety which accompanies the purchase of expensive and
infrequently-bought items. Each of these has implications for purchase and repurchase and they are amenable in
differing degrees to marketer influence (Foxall 1987). Engel, et al. (1986, 5) define consumer behaviour as
“those acts of individuals directly involved in obtaining, using, and disposing of economic goods and services,
including the decision processes that precede and determine these acts”
CONSUMER BUYING PROCESS
The Customer Buying Process (also called a Buying Decision Process) describes the process your
customer goes through before they buy your product. Understanding your customer‟s buying process is not only
very important for your Salespeople, it will also enable you to align your sales strategy accordingly.
The process has been interpreted by many scholars over the years; however, the five stages framework
remains a good way to evaluate the customer‟s buying process. John Dewey first introduced the following five
stages in 1910:
1. Problem/Need Recognition : This is often identified as the first and most important step
in the Customer‟s Decision Process. A purchase cannot take place without the recognition of the need. The need
may have been triggered by internal stimuli (such as hunger or thirst) or external stimuli (such as advertising or
word of mouth).
2. Information Search : Having recognised a problem or need, the next step a customer may
take is the Information Search stage, in order to find out what they feel is the best solution. This is the buyer‟s
effort to search internal and external business environments, in order to identify and evaluate information
sources related to the central buying decision. Your customer may rely on print, visual, online media or word of
mouth for obtaining information.
3. Evaluation of Alternatives: As you might expect, consumers will evaluate different
products or brands at this stage on the basis of alternative product attributes – those which have the ability to
deliver the benefits the customer is seeking. A factor that heavily influences this stage is the customer‟s attitude.
Involvement is another factor that influences the evaluation process. For example, if the customer‟s attitude is
positive and involvement is high, then they will evaluate a number of companies or brands; but if it is low, only
one company or brand will be evaluated.
4. Purchase Decision: The penultimate stage is where the purchase takes place. Philip
Kotler (2009) states that the final purchase decision may be „disrupted‟ by two factors: negative feedback from
other customers and the level of motivation to accept the feedback. For example, having gone through the
previous three stages, a customer chooses to buy a new telescope. Furthermore, the decision may be disrupted
due to unforeseen situations such as a sudden job loss or relocation. A consumer is processing the information
from the information search and deciding on the products, store, payment options. More importantly, they are
making the decision to move forward with the purchase or not.
5. Purchase: This is the stage that the transaction is completed. The actual problem that was recognized is
solved.
6. Post-Purchase Behavior: In brief, customers will compare products with their previous
expectations and will be either satisfied or dissatisfied. Therefore, these stages are critical in retaining
customers. This can greatly affect the decision process for similar purchases from the same company in the
future, having a knock-on effect at the Information Search stage and Evaluation of Alternatives stage. If your
customer is satisfied, this will result in brand loyalty, and the Information Search and Evaluation of Alternative
stages will often be fast-tracked or skipped altogether.
Four Major Factors Influence Consumers in Buying Process
1. Cultural Factor: Cultural Factor includes a consumer‟s belonging to Social class. This one major
factor in influencing consumer in way of buying four wheelers.
3. A study on buying behavioral pattern of Women drivers…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 42
2. Social Factor: It includes which group he comes from. Family background of a person will also be a
part in decision process. Especially for woman driver‟s they have to see for what purpose is she buying a car. Is
it for Profession or is it for personal purpose.
3. Personal factor: It includes who is buying a car the age too matters a lot in buying a car. The female of
25 years of age can go for Swift, Ertiga power steering cars. The aged ladies will prefer car having less auto
controls. The next is where they are going to drive. The place again matters a lot in buying behavior of four
wheelers. Preferences change as “situation” changes.
4. Psychological Factor: It affects the purchase decision of a potential buyer. The need and requirement
also plays an important role in buying a car. A family consisting of 3 members planning to but Maruti Ecco or
Duster will be a wrong decision as it will not be used in regular run.
BUYING PERCEPTIONS OF WOMEN CONSUMER REGARDING FOUR WHEELER
As now days the women prefer to drive as earlier they used to ride two wheelers. The various factors that can be
the reason in change of women perception towards four wheelers can the following:
1. Spacious: This one perception which the female drivers prefer as they think in broader sense or else
the more utility purpose of the vehicle. Shopping being in built character of females they prefer to have spacious
vehicle.
2. Less complexity: Ease of using a vehicle will be more comfortable for the females to drive. The built
of the car must be friendly that the consumer can learn easily and use comfortably. If it‟s more complex the car
might give some health issues like more strain.
3. Color: As per the survey, women have a stronger preference for silver cars than do men by 9.2%,
brown cars by 9.1% and gold cars by 7.3%. They also prefer white cars. Men have a stronger preference for red
cars than do women by 12.3%, for orange cars by 11.8% and for black cars by 9.6%.
4. Less maintenance: The maintenance preferably must be less. The women always are the financer in
their homes, so they prefer to have less expenditure.
5. Safety: Last but not the least the women now a day‟s give top priority to the safety of their own. As
more crimes are getting registered, it can be said that two wheeler‟s are not that safe. The four wheelers have
safety lock or else it can be said auto lock which is more desired by female drivers of any age.
DATA ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION
According to survey various features the Women driver‟s prefer one is the safety as 100% respondent
have opted for safety being the first priority. The next is the brand image which has been opted by them as they
believe that brand has a connection with the quality of production and after sale service. For various features
like company service, comfort and availability the over all response in between 50 % to 60%. The mileage and
look of the vehicle were ranked between 20 % to 30% which depicts that the look and Mileage are not that
counted by women drivers when buying four wheeler. For feature like spacious the 24% have agreed that it a
needed but rest have given least importance to the space. Price is the next feature which they have considered in
priority while purchasing a four wheeler. So with the below graph we can analyze that safety, maintenance and
price are more taken into consideration in comparison to other features.
According to the below graph it can be interpreted that the price range the 60 % of the women drivers prefer is
between 4 to 6 lakhs. Also if we see the car that they are using now or would like to have for second purchase
lies with in the said price range. The pricing of the car has to be kept in mind by the automobile companies
when manufacturing for small segment.
4. A study on buying behavioral pattern of Women drivers…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 43
The resale value of the car is also a taken into priority by the women driver‟s while buying four
wheeler. It is bit natural that the once the car purchased it is an movable asset which a person owns. The asset
which depreciates. But while going for next car every one tries to push out the present one for better value.
Value of a car again depends upon the model, brand and year of manufacture and the condition of the car.
The financing of purchase of car 64% prefer to have employee loan, which is of lesser interest than
bank rate. It can also help for tax saving of the income of the employee. 20% of them prefer to pay cash and
purchase the vehicle.
On the basis of Company preference 46% of the respondents prefer to have car from Maruti Suzuki, 20
% of the respondents prefer to have Hyundai or Tata cars. Only 4% of the respondent prefer to have car from
Honda or Nissan. With this data we can interpret that the buyers prefer Maruti Suzuki as it provides after sale
service better and has many service stations, which is also shown in advertisements too.
55% of the respondent said that now it‟s a need of life to have a four wheeler which automatically
gives comfort. 30% of them agreed that the opt for car for comfort journey. Rest of them concluded that it‟s a
status symbol to have four wheeler.
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded on the basis of the above study that there may be number of factors which are
responsible for the changing purchase preference of the consumer in four wheelers. Among those variables –
Safety, Maintenance, Mileage, Easy mode of financing and easy driving are found to be pointed influencing
buying preference of consumers. With the rapid and consistent growth in the price of the fuel consumers are
more conscious about mileage. So they highly prefer mileage while buying a car. This study found that
consumers also prefer easy mode of financing a car. With the growing competition in automobile sector,
companies are providing easy financing facility to grab maximum of consumers. This allows consumers from a
middle income group to conveniently own a car by giving easy instalments which is also forcing consumers to
buy a car. Lastly, it was found that consumers also prefer model while purchasing a car. As we know there is a
drastic change in the life style of the consumers, people are more conscious about the looks, style and amenities
of a car which varies according to the model of the car.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1]. http://www.3me.tudelft.nl/fileadmin/Faculteit/3mE/Over_de_faculteit/Afdelingen/BioMechanical_Engineering/Organisatie/Med
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[4]. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/63618921/impact-advertisement-consumer-buying-behaviour-two-wheeler-segment
[5]. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/74613201/do-consumer-based-factors-influence-consumer-buying-behavior-
automotive-industry-malaysia-evidence
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[7]. http://www.slideshare.net/virendersinghsa/marketing-project-on-consumer-buying-behaviour.
[8]. http://www.b2bmarketing.net/blog/posts/2013/06/24/5-steps-understanding-your-customer%E2%80%99s-buying-process.
[9]. http://www.superprofesseur.com/19.html
[10]. http://wardsauto.com/sales-amp-marketing/study-says-men-and-women-different-car-colors
[11]. http://www.slideshare.net/virendersinghsa/marketing-project-on-consumer-buying-behaviour