H. E. R. O - Helping through Encouragement and Reach

H. E. R. O - Helping through Encouragement and Reaching Out
Selena Lama
Doriyan Darden
Kabita Budhathoki
Kusim Syangbo
Radhika Chhetri
Yesenia Binkley
Texas A&M University - Commerce
2. Table of Contents (1 page)
3. Executive Summary (1 page)
4. Program Rationale (4-6 pages)
5. Program Planning Documentation (2-4 Pages)
Program Planning Documentation
Suicide prevention in middle-aged male veterans teams uses

PROCEDE-PROCEED for program H.E.R.O. There are several
reasons we choose to use this planning model. (1) It is
hypothetically base and combines a series of phases in the
planning, implementation, and evaluation to acquire the quality
of life to the target population; (2) “It is the most widely known
model in program planning” (Green & Kreuter, 2005); (3) This
planning model starts with consequences and determines its
cause; once the cause is known, an intervention will design to
reach the desired outcomes; (4) “PRECEDE is helping to
predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling constructs in education;
PROCEED helps in policymaking, controlling and structural
constructs in educational development” (Green & Kreuter, 2005,
p. 9).
"In phase 1 is called the social assessment, the model seeks to
state the quality of life of the target population to know
problems and priorities of those population so that team can
identify the desired outcomes" (Green & Kreuter, 2005). It
analyzes the situation and allows the employee and employer
the assessing the needs for achieving the quality of life. In
phase 2, epidemiological assessment, we use data to determine
the risk factors or causes of health in the population's genetics,
behavioral patterns, and environment and rank the health goals
and problems identified in phase 1. we use this phase to plan the
health program. Phase 3, educational and ecological assessment,
helps identify and classify the many factors into three
categories: predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling. These three
categories help provide social benefits such as appreciation,
relief of discomfort or pain, or tangible rewards like avoidance
of cost to get quality of life in the target population in the
H.E.R.O program. In phase 4, the intervention alignment, we
aim to compare the strategies and interventions from the
previous phase and bring needed changes to the policies.
Administrative and policy assessment helps determine what
resources are available to carry out the health promotion
intervention, what time the invention can conduct, there are
financial resources to buy needed stuff for an employee or not,

what organization and administration will support the H.E.R.O
program. After identifying the intervention, we determine the
availability of program resources; in phase 5, we begin the
implementation, and in Phase 6,7 and 8, we evaluate the
program's composition based on the objectives that we create
during the assessment phase (Green & Kreuter, 2005). We focus
on the availability of educational components for the employee,
evaluate the changes of behavior in employees, reduce the
incident, and focus on increasing productivity. PRECEDE
PROCEED explains how the planning model relates to our topic
to meet our goals to reduce the suicide rate in middle-aged
veterans and our audience who will help us make our
intervention successful.
Identify which behavior change theory(s) and/or theoretical
constructs your program will employ
Cite examples of other successful programs related to your topic
and audience that have used a similar planning process and
similar behavior change theories/constructs. Include any lessons
learned or implications for programming from previous
programs. Also consider what factors must be taken into
account for an intervention to be successful.
There are many behavior change theory; we can use for the
program H.E.R.O. According McLeroy, Bibeau, Steckler, and
Glanz (1988) identify the behavior change in five-level. We
have chosen the behavior change theory and theoretical
constructs Health Belief Model (intrapersonal level) and Social
Cognitive theory (Interpersonal level) for H.E.R.O employ.

_____________________________________________________
_________________________
MEETING 1
(1) you've chosen/segmented your target population down to a
specific school, group, area, etc.
Suicide prevention in middle age male veterans/ Dallas county
Male Veterans
Define age? 35-45. Look for specifics in our articles
WRITTEN LAST
(2) a rough draft of your program rationale & program planning
documentation
Suicide is a public general medical problem in America, and it
excessively influences the people who are serving or who have
served in the United States military. The US Department of
Veterans Affairs (VA) has made suicide counteraction its main
clinical need. VA is resolved to forestall suicide among the
whole populace of the individuals who have served our country
in the military, whether or not they utilize any VA
administrations or advantages. Suicide can be forestalled
through the utilization of a general wellbeing system accepting
accomplices at all levels. Following a public technique, VA has
set out on a work including the use of a general wellbeing
procedure joining both clinically-based and local area centered
intercessions.
(3) ideas of the activities you want to do in your intervention
· Intervention 1: Medical Risk Assessment
· Intervention 2: Emotional Validation Seminar

· Conduct therapy
· Conduct Campaign
· Increase multi platform communication efforts that promote
positive messages and support safe crisis intervention
strategies.
· Develop and promote educational materials about the warning
signs for Veteran suicide and how to connect individuals in
crisis with assistance and care
· Activity 1 - Post Screening Intervention
· Activity 2 - Veteran Peers
· Sustain and strengthen collaborations across federal agencies
to advance Veteran suicide prevention.
· 2. Assessing and Acting upon Suicide Risk
· 1 Screening:
· 2 Provide education on Mental health and Suicide
(4) a possible name for your program.
H. E. R. O.
Suggestion from Dr. Amanda
What is middle age? Definition (35-45)yrs
Executive summary is the overall summary of the entire plan.
We will do at last
Create your own intervention. At least 3 intervention
Suicide prevention in veterans- article
Treating and preventing Mental health and substance use -
SAMHSA article
· networking certifying and training suicide prevention hotlines
and disaster distress helpline
· Resources for families
Go to A toolkit
Effective methods for safe firearm storage
When should owners consider out of home storage?
Developing a community coalition
Dallas local AFSP
Program rationale
Talk about National suicide rate in all people causes risk factor
contributing factor for suicide , texas

One group with greater prevention of suicide is veterans
Why veterans have high rate because they may have disability
developed during suicide
Any specific about TX rates - gun ownership/access
specifies about texas vets and suicide rates
Why choose on TX veterans
VA Dallas, TX- middle age (35-50) males
Suicide prevention texas department of state health services
Homelessness unemployed/ low income- transitioning to
civilian jobs/life
Veterans are overrepresented in the US adult homeless
population. 92 % veterans are male
Veterans are 13.5 times more likely to have PTSD than non-
veterans
Better drug treatment
Intervention
Individual therapy weekly done VA doctor
Time fear of judgement from government stigma money
identity loss
Make flyer placards
Important notes:
· Record for Doriyan
· Ask about the timeline. Parts 3-5 will be done by October
15th.
· https://afsp.org/military-and-veteran-suicide-prevention
· https://www.datocms-assets.com/12810/1592490281-
toolkitsafefirearmstoragecleared5082-24-20.pdf
· https://www.mentalhealth.va.gov/docs/data-
sheets/2019/2019_National_Veteran_Suicide_Prevention_Annua
l_Report_508.pdf
· https://www.rand.org/pubs/periodicals/health-

quarterly/issues/v5/n4/13.html
· https://www.samhsa.gov/
· https://www.samhsa.gov/networking-certifying-training-
suicide-prevention-hotlines-disaster-distress-helpline
·
https://www.google.com/search?q=dallas+Local+AFSP&rlz=1C
1GCEB_enUS968US968&oq=dallas+Local+AFSP+&aqs=chrom
e..69i57j33i160j33i299.2902j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
· https://afsp.org/chapter/north-texas
· https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/suicide-
mortality/suicide.htm
· https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27289303/
· https://www.clinicalkey.com/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-
S221503661630030X?returnurl=https:%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevi
er.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS221503661630030X%3Fshowall
%3Dtrue&referrer=https:%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F
MEETING 2
(1)
DUMP, 0
Program Destroying Urban Mosquito Population (DUMP)

Josh Anderson
Hnin Aung
Oladoja Olajide
Western Illinois University
DUMP, 1
Summary
The Preventing Malaria Infections (PMI) team has researched,
investigated, collaborated,
and taken action to create a program plan that will reduce the
number of women of reproductive
age, children, and infants that contract malaria within Ajegunle,
Lagos, Nigeria. The topic of
malaria is important to educate and empower the community
about because making simple
changes in community members’ negative behaviors can result
in positive outcomes. These
negative behaviors aid in mosquito breeding and increasing the
chances of contracting malaria.
To reduce malaria, PMI needs to eliminate mosquito breeding
locations. PMI has created a

program to address this issue. Destroying Urban Mosquito
Populations (DUMP) will provide the
participants with education, training, and resources needed to
protect themselves and their
families from malaria. DUMP will start by organizing
stakeholders together to establish support
and agreement for the program. Volunteers will carry out the
process displaying posters around
the city in four strategic locations. The religious leaders will
assist the public health educators in
implementing the educational sessions, after religious services
have ended. The impact from
these educational sessions will provide the participants with a
better understanding of malaria,
they are able to identify mosquito breeding habitats, and various
methods to destroying them.
The demonstration portion of the educational session will take
place at the religious leaders’
homes. ‘DUMP in the Street’ is allowing access to materials
for the participants within the four
strategic locations of Ajegunle. The overall outcome of DUMP
is to decrease the number of
women of reproductive age, children, and infants who contract
malaria by 15% within Ajegunle,

Lagos, Nigeria. It is important that the PMI members obtain
feedback and adjust DUMP
accordingly to better support the participants. DUMP
improvement plans will ensure
sustainability and positive results in the future.
DUMP, 2
Program Rationale
Diseases that are spread by mosquitos which infect people are
known as vector diseases
(Gubler, 2002). These diseases are extremely dangerous
because of their high rate of
contraction, accounting for 17% of all infectious diseases
worldwide (WHO, 2016). The most
common vector diseases transmitted by mosquitos is malaria
(Ayukekbong, 2014). There are
major geographic, environmental, and climate factors creating
the perfect breeding environment
for mosquitoes in Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria, such as wet-
seasons, high humidity, high heat, and
densely packed urban areas surrounded by large rural regions
(Okogun et. al, 2005). Moreover,

within these urban areas, there are manmade objects that hold
water such as containers, cans,
tires, barrels, and tops of roofs. (Okogun et. al, 2005). Each of
all the above listed provide a safe,
uninhibited environment for mosquitoes to lay 100-300 eggs,
per each conception event
(Guzman and Kouri, 2002).
Malaria is a major health issue worldwide, with a 25%
contraction rate globally and 31%
contraction rate in Africa (WHO, 2013). Sixty percent of the
350-500 million clinical malaria
cases are found in Africa (Okorosobo et al. 2011). There is a
high financial cost associated with
malaria. The expenditure of health care cost is $12 billion
according to World Health
Organization (WHO) in 2000 (Okorosobo et al. 2011). The cost
for treatment in Nigeria is
majorly out-of-pocket spending (OOPS) which is separated into
outpatient department visits
(OPD) and inpatient department (IPD). The average medical
cost for malaria treatment per
household was $42.99 for OPD and $23.2 for IPD (Onwujekwe
et al. 2013).

In Nigeria, malaria is still a serious health challenge accounting
for high mortality rate of
40% and morbidity rate of 60% among adults and children
(Umaru, Uyaiabasi, 2015). Although
all individuals are susceptible to contract malaria, several
subgroups are at greater risk. The
DUMP, 3
subgroup includes women of reproductive age, children and
infants. These three subgroups can
be adversely affected by malaria in regards to complications of
the disease (Umaru, Uyaiabasi,
2015). Without a stable and healthy young population, the
future of this area, Ajegunle, is at
risk. With a disease like malaria, population dynamics will not
grow steadily. Currently most
methods of malaria intervention focuses on the treatment and
response portion of the disease and
its complications. The Preventing Malaria Infection (PMI) team
has a solution to prevent
malaria contraction. By implementing the Destroying Urban
Mosquito Populations (DUMP)
program, there will be a reduction of breeding site for

mosquitoes within Ajegunle, which will
decrease the number of people infected with malaria.
The best way to control malaria infections is by enacting
mosquito abatement techniques.
Two main techniques for mosquito breeding site reduction are
behavior modification and
environmental control. At the individual level, behavioral
factors that contribute to the breeding
of mosquitoes include; (1) dumping of refuse in the gutter
which provide a place for mosquitoes
to breed, (2) storing of water indoors for domestic use without a
lid. Behavioral modification
includes; (1) covering containers that are used in holding water
for domestic use and dumping
ones that are not (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
2012); (2) chemical method
introduction of larvicide into water sources that are unable to be
emptied. At the environmental
level, activities that contribute to the growth of mosquitoes
include (1) not tending to overgrown
lawns and weeds around the home (World Health Organization,
1982), (2) containers and
impermeable materials around the home provide additional
locations for water to collect (World

Health Organization, 1982).
The DUMP (Destroying Urban Mosquito Populations) program
aims at decreasing the
rate of malaria in Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria thorough source
reduction. As part of DUMP,
DUMP, 4
residences of Ajegunle will actively participate in activities
designed to reduce mosquito
breeding areas around their homes and neighborhood. DUMP
will be successful because it
utilizes proven methods of malaria control enacted through
community participation.
Program Plan Documentation
The program planning model used to design the DUMP Program
is MAP-IT. MAP-IT
stands for Mobilize, Assess, Plan, Implement, and Track. The
MAP-IT Model uses a linear chain
of events and planning steps to ensure a desired result. The
acronym MAP-IT starts with “M”,
for mobilizing key individuals involved from the start to
enhance their community and overall

health (USDHHS, 2017). In regards to DUMP, these
individuals will be religious leaders and
public health educators. In DUMP, religious leaders, public
health educators, PMI team and
volunteers will combine to form a planning committee. After
setting up the planning committee
and recruiting the sponsors for DUMP, roles, activities, and
responsibilities are created
respectively. In DUMP, the responsibilities include bolstering
community participation via
community meetings after religious services, developing and
presenting educational events
during community meeting, fundraising and assisting in
planning and evaluation. The second
letter of MAP-IT is “A” is in place for access, which consists of
the needs assessment for the
community (USDHHS, 2017). During this phase, PMI will work
alongside public health
educator from Ajegunle to identify which group of the
population has been most negatively
impacted by malaria. Both local data from primary cross-
sectional survey and secondary data
from local government agencies will be used. Through analysis
of the data, factors contributing

to the health problem of malaria will be identified. DUMP
program planning committee will
pinpoint resources available and potential solutions within
Ajegunle to address the malaria
problem. The volunteers and additional funds that are to be
donated will be confirmed. The third
DUMP, 5
letter “P” is plan (Mckenzie, Neiger, Thackeray, 2013). The
planning aspect will include events
such as defining goals, creating objectives, establishing a
timeline, and securing resources for the
educational component of DUMP. The planning committee
developed the goal of DUMP as to
reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of malaria by 25%
among reproductive aged women (15
to 44 years), children (1-14 years), and infants (< 1 year)
residing in Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria,
by the year 2020. The fourth letter of MAP-IT is “I” which
stands for implementation
(Mckenzie, Neiger, Thackeray, 2013). During the
implementation phase, intervention activities

will be carried out. These includes (1) hanging posters in four
strategic locations in Ajegunle; (2)
holding educational sessions at churches and mosques; (3)
“DUMP in the Street” days, where the
community will be encouraged to carryout activities learned in
the educational sessions. The
final stage of MAP-IT is “T” which means tracking (USDHHS,
2017). This is the evaluation
phase of MAP-IT. Tracking will include events such as; (1)
ensuring all the posters are hung up
by the designated due date; (2) number of participants attending
educational sessions; (3)
counting the amount of larvicide tablets and water covers taken
each week, and (4) incidence and
prevalence of malaria. During DUMP, data will be collected
bimonthly, and analyzed upon
completion of DUMP. This information will be shared with
stakeholders, providing DUMP
planners with an idea of the effectiveness of DUMP up to the
year 2020.
Several health behavioral change theories were used in
designing activities for DUMP.
The theories utilized were the Health Belief Model (HBM) and
Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).

From HBM, the constructs of perceived barriers and perceived
benefits were used. The construct
of perceived barriers was chosen because DUMP is providing
free larvicide tablets in the four
strategic locations which is located within one mile of each
other. By doing so, the barriers of
cost have been removed (Rosenstock, 1966). Some water
sources, like drinking water, cannot be
DUMP, 6
removed but they can be protected. DUMP is also providing
free bungee cords and plastic
covering for anyone without a lid for their in-home water
sources. A mosquito abatement
program in Honduras was successful in promoting the practices
of dumping, treating, and
covering through providing education to residents. Thus,
removing the barrier of lack of
knowledge which resulted in a drastic reduction of mosquitos
that can transmit malaria
(Fernández et. al, 1998). The construct of perceived benefits
was chosen because a major health
issue such as malaria can cost the family time, money, and even

a life. However, simply
dumping out stagnant water or placing a larvicide tablet into it
or placing a lid on the water
source will save the family from the deadly complications of
malaria.
From SCT, the construct of self-efficacy will be used in DUMP.
Self-efficacy is
confidence in one’s ability to complete a specific task, action,
and behavior. Self-efficacy is
important because if an individual feel as though they can
successfully complete a task, action or
behavior, they are more likely to attempt it (Bandura, 1977).
This situation will be covering their
in-home water source, dispensing larvicide tablets or dumping
out water. DUMP will use three
ways to improve self-efficacy (mastery of task, observing
others, and verbal reinforcement). A
mastery of task method to improve self-efficacy in DUMP is to
demonstrate at the religious
leaders’ homes to practice the steps of identifying water,
estimating the size, and placing the
larvicide tablets into the water. Observing others is another
way to raise self-efficacy. It is
important that these religious leaders demonstrate how to

dispense larvicide tablets and remove
water from around their home because the participants will feel
they are all able to complete the
same task. Religious leaders have high social capital among the
community and it will set a
positive precedence for others to follow. Verbal reinforcement
from religious leaders, neighbors,
and family members will improve the participant’s self-
efficacy. Each participant can be held
DUMP, 7
accountable and provide personal experiences to each other
about dumping, removing,
protecting, or treating water sources around their homes.
Intervention Outline
Mission Statement: The mission of the Destroying Urban
Mosquito Populations (DUMP) is to
improve the quality of life of women of reproductive age,
children and infants through the
reduction of Malaria within Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria.
Goal: To reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of malaria by
25% among reproductive aged

women (15 to 44 years), children (1-14 years), and infants (< 1
year) residing in Ajegunle,
Lagos, Nigeria, by the year 2020.
Objectives
• Process Objective - By March 15, 2018; DUMP volunteers
will display five DUMP
posters in each of the four strategic public spaces (20 posters in
total) in Ajegunle to
inform the public about the educational sessions and larvicide
dispensing dates.
• Impact Objective - Learning (Knowledge level)- After the
educational sessions with
respective religious leaders, 80% of the attendees will be able to
identify two locations
around their home that contribute to mosquito reproduction.
• Outcome Objective - By August 1, 2020, there will be a 15%
decrease in the number of
women of reproductive age, children, and infants who contract
malaria within Ajegunle,
Lagos, Nigeria.
Implementation Plan
DUMP is a community-participation based program designed to

decrease malaria through
source reduction. Several activities will be conducted to meet
the objectives of the DUMP
program. These activities include sensitization about the
mosquito lifecycle and how they
DUMP, 8
transmit malaria, mosquito breeding locations within Ajegunle,
and bi-monthly distribution of
larvicide tablets and water covers to the participants via four
strategic locations within Ajegunle,
Lagos, Nigeria. Each activity will provide breeding site
reduction among mosquitos and
subsequent transmission of malaria.
DUMP will be implemented as a bimonthly program, which will
follow immediately
after both Christians and Muslims religious services. The place
of worship for both groups will
be the locations for educational sessions of DUMP. Prior to
implementation, a marketing
campaign will occur. Five posters will be hung in each of the
four strategic locations by the

volunteers. The activity of hanging posters for DUMP is
important to make the community
aware of the educational sessions and the details about the free
larvicide tablets and water covers
that will be available to them. Television and radio
advertisements will also be made to make the
community aware of DUMP.
DUMP will meet bimonthly for 50 minutes to provide public
education about malaria.
DUMP educational session will have two parts. A community
educational portion and a
demonstration portion. The community educational portion of
DUMP will be 30-minute long,
consisting of the PowerPoint presentation of, Life Cycle of the
Mosquito, with videos to depict
the dread of malaria parasite. Moreover, the PowerPoint and
video will show how breeding sites
can be eradicated or protected from mosquitoes breeding.
During this time, the participants will
be able to identify potential mosquito breeding locations around
their homes and environments.
Sensitization of participants regarding mosquito lifecycles and
the transmission of malaria is
critical because it will provide positive lasting mitigation

effects on the community for years to
come. Brochures will be available at educational session for
participants to take home. After the
DUMP, 9
30-minute education component, the congregation will then
proceed to the religious leaders’
homes for the demonstration portion of the session. This wil l
last approximately 20 minutes.
‘DUMP in the Street’ activity will begin the weekend following
the four educational
sessions. The ‘DUMP in the Street’ starts with dispensing of
larvicide tablets. Larvicide tablets
will be used by the participants to abate mosquitoes around
their homes. The public health
educators and volunteers will be in the four strategic locations
on Saturdays from 6 a.m. to 10
a.m. to dispense larvicide tablets and water covers to the
participants. The issue of covering
drinking water sources can be solved by providing the
participants with plastic covers that will
fit over their in-home water containers. This will prevent
mosquitoes from laying their eggs

inside drinking water containers. If the participants have no
way to secure the plastic, a bungee
cord will be used to secure the plastic when the container is not
in use. Evaluation methods will
be to count the number of materials remaining after each
‘DUMP in the Street’ event. The
detailed implementation plan is provided in Table 1.
The timeline for DUMP spans 40 weeks, and begins with
program rationale development
during the first month. Another four weeks are used for a needs
assessment, and two weeks for
goal and objective development based on needs assessment. The
creation of the intervention,
along with assembly of resources and marketing of the DUMP
will occur during week six
through nine. End of the program, the data will be collected
bimonthly during DUMP. Data will
be analyzed upon completion of the program, and this
information will be shared with
stakeholders. Because DUMP will be implemented again, data
and feedback from personnel will
be used for program refinement and plans for the next session
will be made. The detailed

timeline can be seen in Table 2.
DUMP, 10
DUMP is a 17-week intervention designed to reduce malaria
rate through mosquito
abatement. There are key resources and equipment that will be
needed to implement DUMP.
Personnel, educational materials, educational session locations
and supplies are the main
resources needed. Eight religious leaders (one Christian and one
Muslin from each of four
strategic locations within Ajegunle), 20 health sciences students
from the College of Medicine at
the University of Lagos will serve as volunteers, and four public
health educators (one from each
of four strategic locations) will serve as personnel for DUMP.
Free, reliable, interactive and
accurate resources from who.int, unicef.org and
nationalgeographic.com will be collected by
PMI and distributed by public health educators. The church or
mosque in one of four strategic
locations will serve as the public educational locations. United
Bank of Africa will provide four

Dell computer tablets. Grant funds given to PMI will be used to
purchase 6000 larvicide tablets,
50 plastics rolls totaling 25,000 feet and 2000 3-inch bungee
cords. Detailed information will be
provided in Table 3.
DUMP, 11
Table 1: Detailed Implementation Plan
Christians Muslims
Week 5 and Week 7 1. Educational program (30
mins)
- Learning about the life-cycle
of mosquitoes.
- How to identify mosquito
breeding sites around their
homes and environments.

- Ways to prevent mosquitoes
from breeding in the house
and environment.
2. Activities (20 mins)
- Moving from the church to
the religious leaders’ homes
(5 mins).
- Religious leader demonstrates
how to use the larvicide
tablets on water sources that
are in the environment and
how to properly cover water
for domestic use (15 mins)
1. Educational program (30
mins)
of mosquitoes.
and environment.
- Moving from the mosque to

(5 mins).
DUMP IN THE STREETS
Week 9 , 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 1. Public health educators and
volunteers will report to the four
strategic locations by 5.30 a.m.
- One public health educator and five volunteers will be in each
strategic location.
2. Distribution of source reduction materials (larvicide tablets
and
coverlids-plastics and cords) to the participants commences at 6
a.m. and wraps up at 10 a.m.
3. Collection of data on the remaining stock (10-11 a.m.)
DUMP, 12

Table 2: TIMELINE FOR DUMP
TASK WEEK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Formative
evaluation
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Develop
program
plan
X
X
X
X
Assess
needs
X
X

X
X
Goals and
Objectives
X X
Creating
intervention
X X X
Order
supplies
X X X X
Program
marketing
X X X
Program
Starts
X
Education
events
X X

Dump in
streets
X X X X X X X
Collect
data
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Summative
Evaluation
X X X X X X X X X X X
Analysis
of data
X X X
Fixing
program
problems
X
X
X
Review of

result with
stakeholders
X
X
X
Plan for
next event
X X X X
Follow-up
long term
evaluation
X
X
X
X

X
X
X
X
X
X
DUMP, 13
Table 3: Projected Budget for DUMP
Name of Item Total Amount Expenditures Cost
Revenue and Support

Contributions from
sponsors:
Dell Computer Tablets 4 tablets $150 X 4 $ 600.00
Grant $15,000.00
Expenditures
Supplies
Variable Cost-BT Mosquito
Dunks (Pet
Solution
s)
6,000 tablets(20
tablets per pack)
300 pack ($16.99 per pack) $ 5,100.00
Variable Cost-2 Mil Poly
Tubing Roll - 40” X500’
Model# S-14492 (Uline)
50 Rolls

50 Rolls ($80 per roll)
$ 4,000.00
Variable Cost-Bungee Cord
36” (Blue) (Uline)
2000 Cords(10
cords per pack
200 packs ($17 per pack) $ 3,400.00
Advertising on Radio and TV
for ‘DUMP in the Streets’
$ 1,000.00
Printing-Brochures and posters $ 1,500.00
Total Expenses $15,000.00

DUMP, 14
Evaluation
Evaluation involves making judgement or assessing the value
DUMP has added to the
community of Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria. In the course of
evaluating the DUMP program, the
PMI team and stakeholders will meet to determine if the

participants understood the need for
enacting source reduction, implementing of the use of larvicide
tablets, and the covering of
domestic water to reduce mosquito breeding sites, and thus
potentially decrease morbidity and
mortality associated with malaria. In order to achieve this,
process, impact, and outcome
evaluation will be done by the PMI, made up of Josh Anderson,
Hnin Aung, and Oladoja
Olajide.
The most threating vector disease that mosquitoes transmit is
malaria. Malaria is
preventable, yet it is a leading cause of death among women of
reproductive age, children and
infants within Ajegunle. Current programs seek to prepare or
recover from malaria events, but

few programs focus on the mitigation or prevention aspects of
malaria control. The DUMP
program seeks to reduce the number of malaria cases among
women of reproductive age,
children, and infants.
The overall goal of the DUMP program is to reduce the
morbidity and mortality rate of
malaria by 15% among women of reproductive age (15-44
years), children (1-14 years), and
infants (<1 year) of Ajegunle in Lagos, Nigeria, by the year
2020. The success of the program
will be assessed by implementing various health theories to
change the individual, and
environmental contributing factors to malaria.
Our objectives are as follows: (1) Process Objective: By March
15, 2018, DUMP

volunteers will display 20 DUMP posters around public spaces
in Ajegunle to inform public
about the malaria and ‘DUMP in the Street’; (2)
Impact/Learning Objective: After the
DUMP, 15
educational sessions with respective religious leaders, 80% of
attendee will be able to identify
two locations around their home that contribute to mosquito
reproduction; and (3) Outcome
Objective: By August 1, 2020, there will be a 15% decrease in
the number of women, children
and infants who contract malaria within Ajegunle.
Forty individuals will be needed to implement DUMP from the
beginning until the end,

which includes eight religious leaders, four health educators and
28 health education students.
The educational programs will be done immediately following
religious services thereby using
churches or mosques as the intervention sites. Activities to be
conducted during DUMP include
(1) displaying posters in the four strategic locations within
Ajegunle, (2) four educational
sessions informing the participants about mosquito breeding
sites and prevention methods, (3)
‘DUMP in the Street’ will consist of distributing larvicide
tablets and water covers for domestic
water within the four strategic locations of Ajegunle.
Stakeholders include (1) officials from Ajeromi Ifelodun Local
Government (AJIF), (2)
program planning committee, (3) women of reproductive age
(15-44 years), children (1-14

years), and infants (< 1 year), and (4) religious leaders from
both Christian churches and Muslim
mosques, (5) public health educators/volunteers.
Officials from Ajeromi Ifelodun Local Government (AJIF) will
be involved in: (1) a
Memorandums of Understanding (MOU) which will provide an
outline between the AJIF and
the PMI team. Issues such as timeframes, participation, data
collection, analyzing, and
presentation of data will be listed in the contract. A
cooperative effort needs to be publicized
between the AJIF and PMI. Moreover, this will provide
transparency in reporting process
regarding legal and ethical issues. The evaluation plan is
consistent with the protocols listed. (2)
Process evaluation, permission will be obtained from AJIF to

display posters around Ajegunle,
DUMP, 16
also providing information as to the best locations to do so. (3)
Impact evaluation, results
regarding the program’s findings will be given to AJIF for them
to review, ensuring that
participant’s needs were met. (4) Outcome evaluation, final
report of DUMP program will be
given. AJIF officials hold a stake in the success of DUMP, it is
beneficial for the community that
they are on board with these types of evaluation. Meetings will
be scheduled to review the
various sections mentioned in the evaluations. Program planning
committee will oversee the

evaluation sessions. Specific aspects they will be responsible
for include: (1) Memorandums of
Understanding (MOU)s, where all the details of methods,
timeframe, where, when, what and
how activities will be conducted. (2) Process evaluation, where
the detailed record of activities,
costs, events and problems will be checked and managed by the
program committee members.
(3) Impact evaluation, where their feedback about which portion
of the program is going well
and which should be changed will be asked to each member of
the planning committee. (4)
Outcome evaluation, to review program’s effects on participants
and community, determine if
activities of the program need to be improved, to prepare and
distribute findings, to
compare/contrast DUMP with other similar programs.

Committee members should be engaged in
the evaluation because it will help to perpetualize DUMP for
the future. Women of reproductive
age, children, and infants are the target population and a part of
the evaluation process. It is
imperative that DUMP receives feedback from the participants
during the evaluation. The
feedback will provide the PMI team with tools to assess DUMP
and improve the quality.
Moreover, the evaluation input from the target population will
help to determine the
effectiveness of DUMP. A final report (outcome evaluation) of
the program will be provided to
the participants. Religious leaders from both Christian churches
and Muslim mosques assist in
(1) process evaluation, where the detailed record of activities,
events and problems within the

DUMP, 17
housing of the DUMP educational component will be checked
and managed; (2) outcome
evaluation, to review program’s effects on participants and
community, determine if activities of
the program need to be improved, to prepare and distribute
findings, to compare/contrast DUMP
with other similar programs.
Public health educators and volunteers will be involved in
process evaluation, obtaining
their input is necessary from an administrative and coordinator
level to strengthen the program
activities. These specific areas to focus on include event
coordination process, problem at

events, unintended costs, program’s progress, and their
suggestions of which program activities
should be continued and which modifications should be made.
During the staff training session,
the PMI team members will ask public health educators and
volunteers regarding this
information. The results will be shared with the public health
educators and volunteers upon the
completion of the program.
The types of evaluation to be used in the DUMP program
include process, impact, and
outcome evaluation. These evaluations have been chosen by the
PMI team to (1) correspond with
MAP-IT, (2) provide ways to evaluate immediate and long-term
effect of the program, and (3)
DUMP will use the information from the participants,

coordinators, and volunteers to refine and
produce a better program in the future implementation phases.
In process evaluation, the PMI
team has already geographically mapped the four strategic
locations that are available to
accommodate five posters each that will be hung within each of
these locations. The number and
location of each poster can be altered based on the feedback
from the participants regarding
which posters were most effective. Information about where the
participants saw the posters will
be captured during the pretest of the educational portion of
DUMP. The impact evaluation will
measure the behavioral and environmental modification
immediately after DUMP. This will be

DUMP, 18
used to determine if the participants were able to identify,
remove, treat, or cover at least two
locations around their home that contribute to mosquito
reproduction. Long-term impacts for
malaria contraction cases, morbidity and mortality
measurements, with an emphasis on
improving quality of life, health status will be outcome
evaluation.
PMI will use a participatory approach for the process
evaluations. For the impact and
outcome evaluations, we will use conventional approach based
on the types of activities,
resources, and time frame within the DUMP program. The
participatory approach will allow the
DUMP program to gather firsthand information about the

community, the implementation
methods, and the outcome. The conventional approach is
necessary for the needs assessment,
data collection and interpretation, and for formal evaluation
methods.
DUMP will use a non-experimental design to implement pre-
test/post-tests for the
program. This was chosen because we do not have a control
group and we are not sure about the
future funding and participants for the program.
The methods used to collect data for the DUMP program are
quantitative methods.
Process, impact, and outcome question can be found on Table 4.
These specific types of
methods include pre-test/post-tests and observations. The pre-
test/post-tests will measure the

impact of the educational programs held by the religious
leaders. The observational methods of
data collection will be used in the process objectives to count
the number or posters hung and to
count the number of larvicide tablets given at the four strategic
locations within Ajegunle.
Outcome objective will be measured by using secondary sources
of data that are provided by the
government officials and the local hospitals. Random sampling
can be used to gather a
representation of the target population. Moreover, a Z-test will
be used to compare the groups of
people who participated in the DUMP program with those who
did not. The members of the
DUMP, 19

planning committee are able to interpret and analyze the
statistical data from DUMP, if
assistance is needed, the planning members have colleagues will
provide assistance pro bono.
The data will be read by one member of the committee and
entered by another into the computer
system. Both members will check the accuracy of the data to
ensure non-sampling errors do not
occur. Confidentiality will not be an issue as all the evaluations
and data are anonymous. The
only information available will be aggregated data. The data
will be kept on a secure cloud
server within PMI’s Google Team Drive. With Google Team
Drive data and information can be
shared securely with committee members. Moreover, edits,
dates, times, and other information

about document changes can be tracked and recorded.
The planning committee consists of, the PMI team, AJIF local
government officials,
religious leaders, public health educators, and the volunteers.
Data collected bimonthly will be
shared among the planning committee. When there is need for a
change of plan all the program
planning committee will make decisions on what actions are
needed. Response, input,
suggestions, and new ideas will be collected from stakeholders,
participants, and funders of
DUMP. Table 5 will contain DUMP’s work plan.

DUMP, 20
Table 4: Examples of Specific Questions to be asked during
Evaluation
EVALUATION QUESTIONS
How Collected From Whom Collected
Process Evaluation
Were all the posters ready for
distribution at the time the
program commenced?
Checklist (counting number of
posters hung)
Program planners and
volunteers.
Did all the volunteers show up
at the allotted time?

Checklist by attendance log
book.
Program planners
Were all the poster hung up at
the allotted time?
Checklist , count of remaining
posters if available
Program planners
Impact Evaluation
How many participants
understood the need for
reduction in mosquito breeding
site?
Self-report survey, post
evaluation
Participants, religious leaders,
program planners

Did the practice of mosquito
breeding source reduction
continue after DUMP program
has ended?
Self-report survey, post
evaluation
Participants and program
planners
Was there a reduction in
breeding sites inside and outside
the homes
Self-report survey Participants
Outcome Evaluation
How many morbidity and
mortality rate due to malaria
was recorded by local
government within the last 3
years
Secondary data Local government officials,

program planners
How often did the target
population visit the hospital for
malaria treatment within the last
3 years?
Secondary data Local government officials,
program planners
DUMP, 21
Table 5: Work Plan for DUMP Evaluation
Persons(s) Responsible Timeframe

Staffing
Evaluation Coordinator Program Manager Week
Formative Evaluation/Context Evaluation
DUMP is designed using MAP-IT model,
health belief model and social cognitive
theory. The PMI team will evaluate the
barriers of the target population. Providing
free materials and accessibility to those
materials to the target population and
program will be evaluated during the
program.
The volunteers are given five posters for
the four strategic locations around
Ajegunle. There posters are in place to
inform the community about the
educational sessions and DUMP in the
streets activities.
The evaluation coordinator along with
program planning committee will collect
information about posters, radio, and
television promotions that provided the
best advertisements for DUMP
Week 6-13

Summative Evaluation
Pre/posttest surveys regarding mosquitoes
and malaria will be conducted after each
educational session by the public health
educators.
Post program surveys will be available
during the last two sessions of DUMP in
the streets.
Community health educators will conduct
pre/posttest of the educational sessions.
DUMP program committee members will
work alongside the PMI team to interpret
and analyze the statistics from the DUMP
program.
Week 10-26
Engaging Stakeholders
Program planning committee. PMI team members and planning
committee

Week 1-8
Religious leaders
Public health educators and volunteers
assisting with DUMP.
PMI team members and evaluation
coordinator
Week 4
Target population attends church and
DUMP educational following service.
PMI team members and planning
committee
Week 10-13
Focusing the Evaluation
An impact evaluation will provide PMI
and the planning committee with feedback
from the participants

coordinator
Week 6-13
Memorandums of Understanding (MOU)s
between religious leaders, AJIF, and
DUMP
coordinator
Week 5
Gathering Credible Evidence
Provide a hazards and vulnerability
assessment for the participants in
Ajegunle
PMI team members Week 2-5
Process evaluation PMI team members and evaluation
coordinator
Week 7-9

Impact Evaluation: distribute surveys and
collect data
coordinator
Week 10-14
DUMP, 22
Larvicide dispensing Public health educators Week 14-20
Using Evaluation Results
Getting feedback from the participants and
the analyzed data will be used in the
presentation of evaluation that will be
discussed during the bimonthly meetings.
This evaluation report will also be sent to
the sponsors
Evaluation Coordinator Week 30

Implementation of changes made from
after action report and improvement plans
Week 31-32
DUMP, 23

References
Ayukekbong, J.A. (2014). Dengue virus in Nigeria: Current
status and future
perspective. British Journal of Virology, 1(3), 106-111. doi:
10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.023.
Bandura, A. (1977) Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of
behavioral change. Psychological
Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 2012).
Larval control and other vector
control interventions. (2012, November 9). Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention.
(CDC) Retrieved February 03, 2017, from

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/vect
or_control.html.
Fernández, E., Leontsini, E., Sherman, C., Chan, A., Reyes, C.,
Lozano, R., . . . Winch, P.
(1998). Trial of a community-based intervention to decrease
infestation of Aedes aegypti
mosquitoes in cement washbasins in El Progreso, Honduras.
Acta Tropica,70 (2), 171-
183. doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(98)00033-3
Gubler, D. J. (2002). The global emergence/resurgence of
arboviral diseases as public health
problems. Archives of Medical Research, 33, 330-342.
Guzman, M. G., and G. Kouri (2002). Dengue: An update the
lancet infectious diseases, Lancet
Infectious Disease Journal, 2, 33-42.
Jain, D. (2015). Life Cycle of Mosquito (With Diagram).

Retrieved January 27, 2017, from
http://www.biologydiscussion.com/experiments/life-cycle-of-
mosquito-with-
diagram/1754.
DUMP, 24
Mckenzie, J. F., Neiger, B. L., & Thackeray, R. (2013).
Planning, implementing & evaluating
health promotion programs: a primer. Boston: Pearson
Education.
Okogun, G. R., Anosike, J. C., Okere, A. N., & Nwoke, B. E.
(2005). Ecology of mosquitoes of
midwestern Nigeria. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 42(1),
1-8.
Okorosobo T., Okorosobo F., Mwabu G., Orem J.N., Kirigia

J.M. (2011) Economic burden of
malaria in six countries of Africa. European Journal of
Business and Management, 3.
PLoS ONE, 3 (6) 42-63.
Onwujekwe, O., Uguru, N., Etiaba, E., Chikezie, I.,
Uzochukwu, B., & Adjagba, A. (2013). The
economic burden of malaria on households and the health
system in Enugu State
southeast Nigeria. PLoS ONE, 8 (11). doi:
10.1371/journal.pone.0078362.
Rosenstock, I.M. (1966). Why people use health services.
Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly,
44, 94-124
Umaru, M. L., Uyaiabasi, G. N. (2015). Prevalence of Malaria
in Patients Attending the
General Hospital Makarfi, Makarfi Kaduna – State, North-

Western Nigeria. American
Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, 3(1), 1-5.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS).
(2017). MAP-IT: A guide to using
Healthy People 2020 in your community. Retrieved April 28,
2017, from
https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/tools-and-
resources/Program-Planning
World Health Organization. (WHO: 1982). Manual on
environmental management for mosquito
control with special emphasis on malaria vectors. Retrieved
February 18, 2017, from
http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/37329
DUMP, 25

World Health Organization. (WHO; 2013). Malaria report.
Retrieved February 18, 2017,
from
http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_
2013/en/
World Health Organization. (WHO; 2016). Vector-borne
diseases. Retrieved January 27, 2017,
from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs387/en/
DUMP, 26
Appendices
Program: DUMP Logic Model
Situation: The women of reproductive age, children and infants
of Ajegunle, Lagos, Nigeria suffer from malaria which is a

disease that is spread by mosquitoes. Malaria
can cause severe sickness and even death. Malaria is also
preventable through proper mosquito mitigation and prevention
efforts. DUMP will provide larvicide tablets and
materials to public health educators. The public health
educators will be conducting mosquito educational sessions and
demonstrating proven mosquito abatement techniques
to subsequently reduce malaria within Ajegunle.
Inputs
Outputs Outcomes -- Impact
Activities Participation Short Medium Long
Funding / Grant
$15,000
UBA donations
Equipment
Larvicide tablets 6,000
Materials
Bungee cords
2,000
Plastic roll

50 rolls
Volunteers
4 Public health educator
8 Religious leaders
20 Student volunteers
Support, facilitate and
be a member of
DUMP within Ajegunle,
Nigeria.
Deliver prevention
education programs
Carry out educational
programs within the
churches and mosques.
Promote initiative via
posters around the Ajegunle
Engage target population
within Ajegunle to build
relationships.

Infants (0-365 years)
Children (0-14 years)
Mothers (15-44 years)
2 Public officials
4 Public health educators
8 Religious leaders
20 Student volunteers
Increased awareness of need
to eliminate malaria in
Ajegunle

Increased knowledge about
effects and
consequences of
malaria in Ajegunle
Increased commitment
from, women of
reproductive age and
children to participate in
activities aimed at
reducing malaria in
Ajegunle
Increased communication
between religious leaders,
healthcare officials, and the
target population.
Decrease standing water on
target populations’
property.
Increased community
cooperation of water source

removal.
Increase the number of
target population to
participate in DUMP.
Increased supply of
mosquito abatement
resources within Ajegunle.
Decrease stigma of
larvicide.
Continued weekly water
dumping activity.
Assumptions: Ajegunle will come together to reduce rates of
malaria, funding will
be secured, and computer tablets will be donated by UBA.

External Factors: Majority of residents in Ajegunle are poor,
uneducated, and hold
a negative view of the use of larvicides.
DUMP, 27
Detailed Implementation Plan
Christians Muslims
Week 5 and Week 7 1. Educational program (30
mins)
of mosquitoes.

and environment.
- Moving from the church to
(5 mins).
1. Educational program (30
mins)
of mosquitoes.

and environment.
- Moving from the mosque to
(5 mins).
DUMP IN THE STREETS
Week 9 , 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21 1. Public health educators and
volunteers will report to the four

strategic locations by 5.30 a.m.
- One public health educator and five volunteers will be in each
strategic location.
2. Distribution of source reduction materials (larvicide tablets
and
coverlids-plastics and cords) to the participants commences at 6
a.m. and wraps up at 10 a.m.
3. Collection of data on the remaining stock (10-11 a.m.)

DUMP, 28
TIMELINE FOR DUMP
TASK WEEK
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Formative
evaluation
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Develop
program
plan
X
X
X

X
Assess
needs
X
X
X
X
Goals and
Objectives
X X

Creating
intervention
X X X
Order
supplies
X X X X
Program
marketing
X X X
Program
Starts
X
Education
events
X X

Dump in
streets
X X X X X X X
Collect
data
X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Summative
Evaluation
X X X X X X X X X X X
Analysis
of data
X X X
Fixing
program
problems

X
X
X
Review of
result with
stakeholders
X
X
X
Plan for

next event
X X X X
Follow-up
long term
evaluation
X
X
X
X

Projected Budget for DUMP
Name of Item Total Amount Expenditures Cost
Revenue and Support
Contributions from
sponsors:
Dell Computer Tablets 4 tablets $150 X 4 $ 600.00
Grant $15,000.00
Expenditures
Supplies
Variable Cost-BT Mosquito
Dunks (Pet

H. E. R. O - Helping through Encouragement and Reach

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to H. E. R. O - Helping through Encouragement and Reach

Similar to H. E. R. O - Helping through Encouragement and Reach (20)

More from JeanmarieColbert3

More from JeanmarieColbert3 (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

H. E. R. O - Helping through Encouragement and Reach