Gynecologists treat and diagnose diseases of the female reproductive system. They care for women during pregnancy by discussing test results, diet, hygiene, and potential complications. Gynecologists perform exams, procedures like pap smears and inseminations, and educate patients about common health issues such as cervical cancer, infections, and painful periods.
How, and in what ways, are rates of contraceptive use and induced abortion linked? What reasons do women give for contraceptive (non-)use for a terminated pregnancy?
In this presentation we look at the role of induced abortion in country's transitions from having high rates of fertility to low rates of fertility. It draws on micro-level data from Zambia to explore macro-level trends.
How, and in what ways, are rates of contraceptive use and induced abortion linked? What reasons do women give for contraceptive (non-)use for a terminated pregnancy?
In this presentation we look at the role of induced abortion in country's transitions from having high rates of fertility to low rates of fertility. It draws on micro-level data from Zambia to explore macro-level trends.
This presentation is the analysis of current newborn care in India. It focuses on the Hospital birth scenario and Factors contributing to newborn death. It further highlights , how the Midwives can make a difference.
This is a presentation that was given at the Lost in Translation 2013: Exploring the Origins of Addiction conference that took place on March 25 - 26, 2013 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Evidence Based Neonatal Care is the practical approach to provide Neonatal care. Neonatal Mortality is the significant indicator to prevent the under Five Mortality.
Many pregnant women visiting baby scan clinics in Leicester have expressed concerns about the impact of coronavirus on themselves and their babies as well. For more information visit: https://windowtothewomb.co.uk/find-a-clinic/leicester-baby-scan-clinic/
Domiciliary midwifery
This refers to care given to a mother and the baby at home rather than the hospital by a registered midwife during antenatal, intra-natal and postnatal periods
OR
It is defined as a home delivery service undertaken by a community midwife or the flying squad( made up of the doctor, experienced midwife, anesthetist and pediatrician) with a delivery kit thereby allowing patients to deliver in their homes
Austin Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publication of medical and surgical area of expertise that focuses on the research prospectus of reproductive system in females.
The journal aims to publish most complete and consistent resource of information on the discoveries and present developments in all areas of the field and making them freely obtainable through online without any limitations or any other subscriptions to researchers worldwide.
Austin Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology accepts original research articles, personal perspectives, editorials, letters, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of diagnosis and treatment of Gynecology.
Sales Training Course using AIDA and SPIN SellingEugene Sugian
This sales training module aims to change how we do sales by changing our mindset in engaging our customers. AIDA and SPIN Selling techniques are also discussed including best practices being employed in modern selling.
This presentation is the analysis of current newborn care in India. It focuses on the Hospital birth scenario and Factors contributing to newborn death. It further highlights , how the Midwives can make a difference.
This is a presentation that was given at the Lost in Translation 2013: Exploring the Origins of Addiction conference that took place on March 25 - 26, 2013 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Evidence Based Neonatal Care is the practical approach to provide Neonatal care. Neonatal Mortality is the significant indicator to prevent the under Five Mortality.
Many pregnant women visiting baby scan clinics in Leicester have expressed concerns about the impact of coronavirus on themselves and their babies as well. For more information visit: https://windowtothewomb.co.uk/find-a-clinic/leicester-baby-scan-clinic/
Domiciliary midwifery
This refers to care given to a mother and the baby at home rather than the hospital by a registered midwife during antenatal, intra-natal and postnatal periods
OR
It is defined as a home delivery service undertaken by a community midwife or the flying squad( made up of the doctor, experienced midwife, anesthetist and pediatrician) with a delivery kit thereby allowing patients to deliver in their homes
Austin Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology is an open access, peer reviewed, scholarly journal dedicated to publication of medical and surgical area of expertise that focuses on the research prospectus of reproductive system in females.
The journal aims to publish most complete and consistent resource of information on the discoveries and present developments in all areas of the field and making them freely obtainable through online without any limitations or any other subscriptions to researchers worldwide.
Austin Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology accepts original research articles, personal perspectives, editorials, letters, review articles, case reports, clinical images and rapid communication on all the aspects of diagnosis and treatment of Gynecology.
Sales Training Course using AIDA and SPIN SellingEugene Sugian
This sales training module aims to change how we do sales by changing our mindset in engaging our customers. AIDA and SPIN Selling techniques are also discussed including best practices being employed in modern selling.
Best practices for pharmaceutical training seminars and employee engagementJack Morton Worldwide
The healthcare landscape is changing dramatically. New technologies have the potential to revolutionize how pharma training is delivered.
But what’s the right balance of new technologies and proven training methodology?
We explore this topic in our newest white paper, The Changing Face of Pharma Training.
Sales Webinar | Understanding the Difference and Impact of Sales Process and ...Altify
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Over the past 12 years, I've had in-depth conversations with more than 25 sales gurus, as well as hundreds of sales professionals and managers. Based on that experience, I have concluded that there are eight–and only eight–truly essential sales skills.
Job of a Medical Representative is very challenging. They have to achieve their sales target by generating prescriptions in favor of their products.Here is the list of traits which are needed to become a successful Medical Representative is given below.
CARE OF PREGNANT WOMEN DURING COVID 19 PANDEMICkhushboo singh
Pregnant women do not appear more likely to contact the infection than the general population.
Pregnancy itself alters the body’s immune system and response to viral infections in general, which can occasionally be related to more severe symptoms and this will be the same for COVID-19.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. ★ Gynecologist treat and diagnose diseases in the female genital and rectal
organs
★ Care for women during pregnancy
★ Discusses problems with patients and prescribes medicine
★ discuss with patients about test results
★ discuss with women on how to have a good diet and proper hygiene
★ Examines patients to diagnose what the problems are
★ Gynecologist educate women on complications that might happen during
pregnancy and the important diseases they need to know of
★ have to do surgical procedures (thinking about mother and baby’s health)
★ Gynecologists perform pap smears in order to determine if women have
any diseases
★ have to help women who are fertile with insemination
Description
2
3. ★ In 1500 Jacob Nufer was the first reported successful cesarean section
to have both the mother and baby survive
★ In 1825 the first ever blood transfusion performed for postpartum
hemorrhage was made by James Blundell
★ 1847 James Young Simpson used chloroform as an anesthetic during
labor
★ In 1866 J. Marion Sims did the first human artificial insemination
★ Alfred Duhrssen was the first successful series of vaginal cesarean
sections reported
★ Oskar Kreis was the first person to use spinal anesthesia for labor in
1900
★ First screening for cervical cancer introduced in 1941 by George
Papanicolau
★ Ian Donald developed the ultrasound in 1958
★ In 1978 in vitro fertilization first performed successfully by Patrick
Christopher Steptoe
History
3
4. ★ Common health issues include
○ Cervical Cancer
○ Vaginitis
○ Dysmenorrhea
○ Yeast Infection
★ Cervical Cancer is common in women and is detected with pap smears and
can be cured if it is detected at an early stage
★ Vaginitis is an infection in the female genital that causes irritation, itching,
swelling etc. it can be caused by poor hygiene, std, bacteria in genital or harsh
soaps and can be cured with over the counter pills or creams
★ Dysmenorrhea is a painful menstruation. symptoms may be nausea,
dizziness, and back pain and can be treated with aspirin.
★ yeast infections are caused by an increase in yeast bacteria in the female
genital. symptoms are itching and burning. yeast infections can be treated by
over the counter creams or gynecologist might give you pills to take orally. the
yeast infection gets cured with the treatments
Common Health Issues
4
5. ★ Students interested in being a gynecologist must first earn a high school
diploma and complete a bachelor's degree that includes full-year courses
in subjects like chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics and English. A
high GPA and high scores on the Medical College Admission Test is
required. It is taken in the third year of college.
★ Once admitted in medical school, a student must complete four years of a
training program in gynecology which include classroom training as well
as clinical practice. Residents must take on the responsibilities as a leader
in either their third or fourth years of the program.
★ During the fourth year of residency, aspiring gynecologists must take an
written and oral certification examination. Once this permission is
granted, candidates are known as "registered residency graduates."
★ It usually takes 8 years to become a gynecologists: 4 years of medical
school and 4 years of medical residency programs
Education
5
7. ★ Aside from AIDS, the most common sexually transmitted diseases among
women is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
★ In the U.S., more than 1 million women experience PID each year
★ teenagers having the highest rate of infection.
★ 100,000 women become infertile each year as a result of PID.
★ in 2012 about 8,010 women will die from endometrial cancer
★ more than 840 women will die of cervical cancer within the next year
★ in 2009 27,813 women died from a gynecologic cancer
Statistics
7
9. ★ Employment for physicians and surgeons are expected to grow 24 percent
in the years 2010-2020
★ the birth rate can also determine whether the jobs will decline or increase
in the next couple of years.
★ Total jobs (currently)-14,000
★ fewer OB/GYNs are delivering babies because of the high cost of
insurance for this type of medicine
★ jobs might decline because women are
having babies at home
Job Outlook
9
10. ★ Gynecologist have to have to be responsible of health and safety in
others
★ have to have a high level of interactions with patients
★ gynecologists always work indoors in clinics and hospitals
★ wear uniform(white jacket) and masks or gloves to protect
themselves from diseases
★ work more than 40 hours a week
★ have a work schedule
★ sometimes can be on-call for emergencies
★ gynecologists have to be exact on work
★ stressful environment due to daily deadlines
★ have to make decisions that will impact patients lives
Work Conditions
10
13. A day in the life...
12:00 p.m. — A scheduled C-section on a 26-year-old. In her third pregnancy, the patient has requested tubal
sterilization, so we prepare for this as well.
2:00 p.m. — C-section finished. Gets called on a 20-year-old, who, at 41 weeks, needs labor induction.
3:15 p.m. — Grab a quick bite to eat.
4:00 p.m. — Rounds on the maternity ward. Many patients with male newborns request circumcision, perform any
circumcisions requested.
6:00 p.m. — Quick check on the patient who was bleeding earlier. Her bleeding has stopped, but I plan for further
observation.
7:00 p.m. Home dinner with my family, which is waiting.
10:00 p.m. Gets call from the clinic's labor and delivery unit about an 18-year-old who is contracting every two
minutes. The nurse says she is not dilated, but she asks for my recommendations. Instruct her to start intravenous
fluids and testing to assess risk for pre-term delivery.
10:45 p.m. — Follow-up call on the 18-year-old, who is still contracting. Reviews her test results and determines it's
safe to administer medications to stop her contractions.
11:30 p.m. — Another follow-up call on the 18-year-old. The medication is effective, and the patient stops contracting.
Fetal monitoring is normal. Her risk for pre-term delivery is low, so we send her home with an appointment to
return within the week.
3:00 a.m. — A colleague wakes me up with the news that a patient is in active labor, so it's time to drive back to the
hospital. It seems there is always a delivery in the middle of the night!
8:00 a.m. — Time to hand off these cases to my colleagues. Checks in briefly with the higher-risk cases, and then it's
time to go home and rest. 13