This document discusses the effect of rheological active additives on the properties of self-compacting concrete. Stone powders from local mountain rocks were used to increase the rheological matrix and fluidity of self-compacting concrete mixtures. Plasticizers were used to regulate the properties of cement-based mixtures. The flow rate of cement suspensions and spread of mortars and concretes were evaluated with different testing methods. Results showed that limestone powder was more effective than other stone powders at improving compressive strength when added at 40% to concrete mixtures. The optimal quantities of rheological additives and plasticizers were identified to produce high-strength self-compacting concrete.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
The document summarizes a study on the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder to replace cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests were conducted on SCC mixes with 0-50% replacement of cement with GGBS and 0-20% replacement with limestone powder. The results showed that replacing 30% of cement with GGBS and 15% with limestone powder produced SCC with the highest compressive strength of 46MPa, meeting fresh property requirements. The study concluded that this ternary blend of cement, GGBS and limestone powder can improve SCC properties while reducing costs.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
IRJET- Review Paper on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Industrial or...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using industrial and mine waste to partially replace fine aggregate in concrete. It summarizes four research papers that tested using various waste materials like limestone waste, marble powder, granite powder, iron powder, stone powder, and marble sludge to replace some percentage of sand in concrete mixes. The papers found that concrete strength generally increased with partial waste material replacement of up to 50% sand. Workability was also maintained. Using these waste materials can help reduce environmental impacts while providing an economical and sustainable concrete alternative.
Construction is one among the fastest expanding industries on the planet. According to current global figures, approximately 30 billion tones of cement are needed each year. limestone is the primary source of conventional Portland cement, a severe scarcity of limestone could occur in the next 25 to 50 years. Furthermore, one tonne of cement produces one tonne of CO2, which is a huge environmental issue. The thermal industry generates fly ash, which is simply thrown on the ground and takes up a lot of space. The above concerns will be resolved by reordering them in Geopolymer Concrete. Because Geopolymer concrete does not include any cement, cement manufacturing will be reduced, resulting in less pollution of the atmosphere from carbon dioxide emissions.
Effects of Superplasticizers on Fresh and Hardened Portland Cement Concrete C...Fady M. A Hassouna
This document studied the effects of different dosages of superplasticizer on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Slump tests found that workability increased with higher dosages up to a point, beyond which it became undesirable. Compressive strength generally increased up to an optimum dosage of 1% for early strength and 3% for ultimate strength, beyond which strength decreased. The optimum dosages provided a good balance of workability and strength. The study concluded that superplasticizers can effectively increase strength and workability, but only up to a certain dosage, beyond which negative effects occur.
This document presents a literature review on the use of manufactured sand as a replacement for natural sand in self-compacting concrete. Several studies that investigated properties of self-compacting concrete made with manufactured sand are summarized. The studies found that workability and strength were generally maintained when replacing up to 30-50% of natural sand with manufactured sand. Higher replacement levels led to reduced strengths. Other studies examined using other materials besides manufactured sand as partial replacements for natural sand, such as seashells, recycled concrete aggregates, and waste tire rubber. Overall, the literature shows that manufactured sand and other materials can partially replace natural sand in self-compacting concrete with minimal effects on properties.
Experimental Analysis of Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement in C...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental analysis of partially replacing ordinary Portland cement in concrete with marble dust and super plasticizer. The production of cement causes environmental issues through harmful emissions. Using industrial wastes like marble dust in concrete can improve durability while reducing costs and pollution. The study aims to determine the optimal percentage replacement of cement with marble dust when using a super plasticizer admixture. Tests were conducted to measure the workability and compressive strength of concrete mixtures with varying amounts of marble dust and super plasticizer over 7 and 28 days. Previous literature found that marble dust can be used to partially replace cement or fine aggregates in concrete. Super plasticizers increase workability while reducing the water-cement ratio for stronger, more durable concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN CONCRETEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on utilizing industrial waste in concrete. Three key wastes were investigated: glass powder as a replacement for sand, rice husk ash and sugarcane bagasse ash as replacements for cement. Concrete mixtures with varying replacements of these wastes were tested to evaluate properties like compressive strength, permeability, and stress-strain behavior. The results showed improvements in properties like strength and reduced chloride penetration with certain waste replacements. Additionally, plastic waste was studied as a replacement for sand, finding increases in strength properties up to 40% replacement. The research aims to promote more sustainable use of industrial wastes in concrete production.
Study of Macro level Properties of SCC using GGBS and Lime stone powderIJERD Editor
The document summarizes a study on the use of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and limestone powder to replace cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Tests were conducted on SCC mixes with 0-50% replacement of cement with GGBS and 0-20% replacement with limestone powder. The results showed that replacing 30% of cement with GGBS and 15% with limestone powder produced SCC with the highest compressive strength of 46MPa, meeting fresh property requirements. The study concluded that this ternary blend of cement, GGBS and limestone powder can improve SCC properties while reducing costs.
“Experimental studies on the characteristics properties of concrete produced ...AjeetPanedakatti
Concrete is the most widely used man-made construction material in the world and is consumed second only to water on this planet. It is obtained by mixing the cementitious materials, water and aggregates in the required proportions. However, the various required performance attributes of concrete including strength, workability, dimensional stability and durability, often impose contradictory requirements on the mix parameters to be adopted, there by rendering the concrete mix design a very difficult task.
The increase in global warming has resulted a wide range of change in earth’s temperature, the source being emission of carbon dioxide gas from the production process of cement. Use of naturally available pozzolanic waste materials (fly ash & granite powder) as a partial substitute of OPC cement in mortar mix has seen a wide potential in the utilization of these waste material and also enhancing the properties of mortar mix and thus reducing the environment impact caused by manufacturing of cement. In this study the effect of using fly ash & granite powder is used as a partial substitute of ordinary port-land cement and to reduce the cost of the cement.
An investigation was conducted to determine the suitability of using fly ash (bi-product from thermal power plant) and waste granite powder as partial replacement for cement for concrete production. Apart from the control concrete sample which had 100% cement all the other samples were treated to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% replacement of cement with flyash and granite powder. Concrete cubes of 150mmx150mmx150mm, cylinders of 150mm diameter and 300mm height, beams of 100mmx100mmx500mm were made with the various proportions of cement, sand and coarse aggregates in a mix ratio of 1:2.2:3, water -cement ratio of 0.50 and cured over 28 days. The results of compressive strength tests show that the strength of the concrete cubes with varying amounts of cement and fly ash and granite powder changed marginally. This was interpreted to mean that the partial replacement of cement with fly ash and granite powder up to 20% in concrete results in about 1.4% increase in the strength of the concrete. The compressive strength of concrete cubes is 33N/mm2, flexural strength of concrete beams is 5.10 N/mm2 and split tensile strength of concrete cylinder is 2.34 N/mm2 for 20% replacement.
IRJET- Review Paper on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Industrial or...IRJET Journal
This document reviews research on using industrial and mine waste to partially replace fine aggregate in concrete. It summarizes four research papers that tested using various waste materials like limestone waste, marble powder, granite powder, iron powder, stone powder, and marble sludge to replace some percentage of sand in concrete mixes. The papers found that concrete strength generally increased with partial waste material replacement of up to 50% sand. Workability was also maintained. Using these waste materials can help reduce environmental impacts while providing an economical and sustainable concrete alternative.
Construction is one among the fastest expanding industries on the planet. According to current global figures, approximately 30 billion tones of cement are needed each year. limestone is the primary source of conventional Portland cement, a severe scarcity of limestone could occur in the next 25 to 50 years. Furthermore, one tonne of cement produces one tonne of CO2, which is a huge environmental issue. The thermal industry generates fly ash, which is simply thrown on the ground and takes up a lot of space. The above concerns will be resolved by reordering them in Geopolymer Concrete. Because Geopolymer concrete does not include any cement, cement manufacturing will be reduced, resulting in less pollution of the atmosphere from carbon dioxide emissions.
Effects of Superplasticizers on Fresh and Hardened Portland Cement Concrete C...Fady M. A Hassouna
This document studied the effects of different dosages of superplasticizer on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Slump tests found that workability increased with higher dosages up to a point, beyond which it became undesirable. Compressive strength generally increased up to an optimum dosage of 1% for early strength and 3% for ultimate strength, beyond which strength decreased. The optimum dosages provided a good balance of workability and strength. The study concluded that superplasticizers can effectively increase strength and workability, but only up to a certain dosage, beyond which negative effects occur.
This document presents a literature review on the use of manufactured sand as a replacement for natural sand in self-compacting concrete. Several studies that investigated properties of self-compacting concrete made with manufactured sand are summarized. The studies found that workability and strength were generally maintained when replacing up to 30-50% of natural sand with manufactured sand. Higher replacement levels led to reduced strengths. Other studies examined using other materials besides manufactured sand as partial replacements for natural sand, such as seashells, recycled concrete aggregates, and waste tire rubber. Overall, the literature shows that manufactured sand and other materials can partially replace natural sand in self-compacting concrete with minimal effects on properties.
Experimental Analysis of Partial Replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement in C...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental analysis of partially replacing ordinary Portland cement in concrete with marble dust and super plasticizer. The production of cement causes environmental issues through harmful emissions. Using industrial wastes like marble dust in concrete can improve durability while reducing costs and pollution. The study aims to determine the optimal percentage replacement of cement with marble dust when using a super plasticizer admixture. Tests were conducted to measure the workability and compressive strength of concrete mixtures with varying amounts of marble dust and super plasticizer over 7 and 28 days. Previous literature found that marble dust can be used to partially replace cement or fine aggregates in concrete. Super plasticizers increase workability while reducing the water-cement ratio for stronger, more durable concrete.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON UTILIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN CONCRETEIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on utilizing industrial waste in concrete. Three key wastes were investigated: glass powder as a replacement for sand, rice husk ash and sugarcane bagasse ash as replacements for cement. Concrete mixtures with varying replacements of these wastes were tested to evaluate properties like compressive strength, permeability, and stress-strain behavior. The results showed improvements in properties like strength and reduced chloride penetration with certain waste replacements. Additionally, plastic waste was studied as a replacement for sand, finding increases in strength properties up to 40% replacement. The research aims to promote more sustainable use of industrial wastes in concrete production.
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effect of granite powder on the strength properties of concrete. Some key points:
- Granite powder was used to partially replace river sand in concrete mixtures at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Cement was also partially replaced with silica fume (7.5%), fly ash (10%), and slag (10%).
- Tests were conducted to determine the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths as well as modulus of elasticity and water absorption of the concrete mixtures.
- The results showed that concrete mixtures with 25% granite powder replacement together with the admixtures achieved the highest strength. Therefore, granite powder can
IRJET- A Review on Bio-Self-Cured Marble Powder based ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using marble powder as a partial replacement for cement in self-curing concrete. It reviews several previous studies that found replacing 8-12% of cement with marble powder improved the compressive strength, workability, and durability of concrete. The document also examines the use of biomaterials like Calatropis gigantea and Spinacea oleracea, and chemicals like polyethylene glycol, as internal curing agents to further enhance the self-curing properties of concrete containing marble powder. Overall, the research suggests that marble powder and self-curing agents can provide a substitute for external water curing and improve the performance of concrete.
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble D...YogeshIJTSRD
The advancement of concrete technology is abridging the usance of natural and energy asset, and lessen the pollution of environment by the industrial waste. Marble is a metamorphic rock, resulting from the transformation of pure lime stone. Marble dust is generated in stone processing plants which pollute the environment and affect the humans directly or indirectly. Marble is industrially processed by being cut, polished and used for decorative purpose and thus, economically variable. During cutting process, 20 30 of a marble block becomes waste marble powder. Krishnendra Kumar Shukla | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble Dust and Recron Fibre as Admixture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38703/experimental-study-of-partial-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-with-marble-dust-and-recron-fibre-as-admixture/krishnendra-kumar-shukla
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY USING NANO- SILICA AND ...IRJET Journal
- The document experimentally investigates the strength of concrete when cement is partially replaced by nano-silica and fly ash.
- Testing was done on concrete cubes with cement replaced 20-30% by fly ash and 1.5-4.5% by nano-silica. The highest compressive strength was achieved with 20% fly ash and 3% nano-silica replacement.
- Results showed that up to 3% nano-silica replacement, compressive strength initially increased then decreased with further nano-silica for a given fly ash content. Replacing over 30% cement with fly ash decreased strength below the control mix.
IRJET-Study on Strength and Durability Aspects of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binders to replace cement. Various mix designs were tested with different ratios of fly ash to GGBS. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of the geopolymer concrete cubes increased with an increasing percentage of GGBS in the mix. The highest compressive strength of 66MPa was observed for a mix with a 60% fly ash and 40% GGBS ratio. Additionally, sorptivity tests found that geopolymer concrete has lower water absorption than traditional concrete, indicating better durability. The study demonstrates that geopolymer concrete
“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH AND...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies on the use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Key findings include:
- SSA can replace up to 10-15% of cement without significantly reducing concrete's mechanical properties. SSA concrete showed improved strength in some studies.
- SSA modifies the pore structure of concrete, reducing absorptivity and permeability.
- Pre-treatments like drying, grinding, or calcining SSA can improve its properties as a cement replacement and affect the workability and strength of concrete.
- Using SSA in concrete provides an environmentally-friendly way to dispose of sewage waste while creating a usable construction material.
Study on Microstructure and Durability Properties of Concrete with Different ...IRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as supplementary cementitious materials on the microstructure and durability properties of concrete. Concrete cubes were made by replacing 30% of cement with fly ash or GGBS. Tests were performed to analyze the compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, and microstructure of the concrete mixes. The results showed that concrete with GGBS had higher compressive strength and performed better in water absorption and sorptivity tests compared to fly ash concrete. Examination using scanning electron microscope and X-ray computed tomography revealed that GGBS improved the morphology and reduced the porosity of the concrete microstructure.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Role of Lime Stone Powder & Glass Powder Fly Ash Concrete : An Experim...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the effects of adding limestone powder and glass powder to fly ash concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with additions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% limestone powder or glass powder. The mixtures were then tested to evaluate properties like slump and compressive strength. The results showed modest improvements in properties with the additions, particularly when a plasticizer was used along with the glass powder. The aim was to utilize industrial wastes like fly ash, limestone powder, and glass powder in concrete production to improve sustainability.
Self compacting concrete for slip form pavingeSAT Journals
This document summarizes research on developing self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes suitable for slip form paving applications. It describes a study that designed 9 SCC mixes with different cement replacements (GGBS, alccofine, metakaolin) to evaluate their fresh and hardened properties. A mini-paver system was used to simulate slip form paving in the laboratory. Test results on the mixes' flowability, green strength, and compressive strength are discussed to evaluate their potential for slip form paving construction.
EFFECT OF SELF - CURING ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCR...IAEME Publication
In this Research Study, the Use of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and Polyethylene glycol as Self curing agents in concrete is proven to have many positive effects on the properties of concrete in its both stages; Fresh and hardened concrete. The function of Self- curing agents is to reduce the water evaporation from concrete. The use of Self Curing admixtures is very important from the point of view that saving of water is a necessarily everyday (each one cubic metre of concrete requires 3m3 of water in construction, most of water consumed is for curing, Hence it is necessary to reduce the use of water in construction and save water). The Present research work focuses on use of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) as self-curing agents, affect of Self Curing Concrete agents on Mechanical Characteristics Using Msand, and compared with those of conventionally cured concrete. In this Study 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% SAP and 1%, 1.5% and 2% PEG was varied for M25 grade of Concrete Mixes and Specimen. The experimental results show that, in general, the combined use of, 1.5%, 0.2% SAP in combination with Fly ash and Silica Fume as mineral admixture showed superior results in comparison to conventional curing method, enhancing the mechanical properties of SCC.
IRJET- Making Concrete Better: Addition of Glass Powder to Enhance Concre...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on enhancing concrete properties by adding glass powder. The study aims to use glass powder as a partial replacement for cement to assess its pozzolanic activity and compare its performance to other industrial wastes. Concrete mixtures were prepared with glass powder added at rates of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Tests were performed to evaluate the effect on workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption. The results showed that adding glass powder up to a certain level can improve concrete properties while also providing an outlet for industrial waste.
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IRJET-Marsh Cone Analysis of Ternary Blended Mixes with Retarding Superplasti...IRJET Journal
This study examines the compatibility of ternary blended concrete mixes containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and Alccofine with polycarboxylic ether (PCE) based retarding superplasticizers. Marsh cone tests were conducted to analyze the flow characteristics and determine the optimum dosage of admixtures in the blended mixes. The results showed that most blended mixes were compatible with PCE admixtures at dosages of 0.6-1.1% and increasing the mineral admixture content increased the flow time.
Marsh Cone analysis of ternary blended mixes with retarding superAbdulRazakBH
Abstract - Cement-chemical admixture compatibility is an essential parameter to ensure desired performance and durability of the concrete structures. However compatibility of blended mixes with chemical admixtures will ensure economy in construction along with desired performance and durability of the concrete structures. The hydration of cement involves series of reactions, which mainly depend on the cement composition, the water / cement ratio, surface area, particle size distribution, temperature and admixtures. Admixtures when added in small quantities make the hydration process much more complex. In the present study double blended mixes are tested for fresh properties, optimum dosage of chemical admixtures and strength.
Key Words: GGBS,PCE based admixture, Alccofine, Compatibility
Scope of Producing Concrete by Replacing Cement with Marble Dust & Doping Sup...IRJET Journal
The document reviews research on producing more sustainable concrete by partially replacing cement with marble dust at different percentages and adding a super plasticizer. Studies found that replacing up to 15% of cement with marble dust can increase concrete strength compared to conventional mixes. The addition of super plasticizers was shown to improve the workability and strength of concrete mixes containing marble dust as a cement replacement.
Characteristics of High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Marble Waste as a Par...IRJET Journal
The document discusses using marble waste as a partial replacement for cementitious materials in high-strength concrete. Various concrete mixtures were produced by replacing cement, silica fume, and fly ash with 5-20% marble waste. The mixtures were tested to evaluate the effect on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, and unit weight at curing periods of 7, 28, and 56 days. Test results found that replacing 10% of the cementitious materials with marble waste, 10% with silica fume, and 5% with fly ash improved the mechanical properties and durability of the concrete while reducing costs.
This document summarizes a comparative study on the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Glass powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete mixes at varying percentages to replace cement. Concrete cubes were cast with different mix designs and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. Initial strength gains at 3 days were lower for mixes containing GGBS but strengths were equivalent to the control mix at 7 days. Based on results so far, replacing up to 50% of cement with a combination of 15% GGBS and 35% glass powder produced concrete with satisfactory workability and comparable compressive strength to
1) The document studies the use of marble powder as a partial replacement for cement in normal compacting concrete.
2) Five concrete mixes were tested with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with marble powder to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days.
3) The results showed that compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths generally increased up to 10% replacement of cement with marble powder compared to the normal mix without replacement. Higher replacements of 15% and 20% typically showed reduced strengths compared to the 10% replacement mix.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the fresh and hardened properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) containing steel, polypropylene, and hybrid fibers at various high temperatures. Four SCC mixtures were tested: a control without fibers, one with 1% polypropylene fibers, one with 1% steel fibers, and one with 0.5% of each steel and polypropylene fibers. All mixtures met standards for workability and passing ability. The inclusion of fibers slightly reduced workability. Mechanical properties generally increased with temperature up to 200°C then decreased at higher temperatures. Fiber-reinforced SCC exhibited improved spalling resistance compared to plain SCC.
This document reviews the development and use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in self-compacting concrete (SCC). It summarizes past literature on how various calcium-rich and silica-rich SCMs have been used to improve the properties of SCC. The review focuses on the effects of ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) on the plastic and hardened properties of SCC. It notes that prior studies have examined the use of SCMs like fly ash, slag, and silica fume to enhance workability and strength but that no comprehensive study has looked at the impact of UFFA specifically. The review proposes that future work should examine how UFFA influences SCC properties using an artificial
This document summarizes an experimental study on the effect of granite powder on the strength properties of concrete. Some key points:
- Granite powder was used to partially replace river sand in concrete mixtures at levels of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Cement was also partially replaced with silica fume (7.5%), fly ash (10%), and slag (10%).
- Tests were conducted to determine the compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths as well as modulus of elasticity and water absorption of the concrete mixtures.
- The results showed that concrete mixtures with 25% granite powder replacement together with the admixtures achieved the highest strength. Therefore, granite powder can
IRJET- A Review on Bio-Self-Cured Marble Powder based ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using marble powder as a partial replacement for cement in self-curing concrete. It reviews several previous studies that found replacing 8-12% of cement with marble powder improved the compressive strength, workability, and durability of concrete. The document also examines the use of biomaterials like Calatropis gigantea and Spinacea oleracea, and chemicals like polyethylene glycol, as internal curing agents to further enhance the self-curing properties of concrete containing marble powder. Overall, the research suggests that marble powder and self-curing agents can provide a substitute for external water curing and improve the performance of concrete.
Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble D...YogeshIJTSRD
The advancement of concrete technology is abridging the usance of natural and energy asset, and lessen the pollution of environment by the industrial waste. Marble is a metamorphic rock, resulting from the transformation of pure lime stone. Marble dust is generated in stone processing plants which pollute the environment and affect the humans directly or indirectly. Marble is industrially processed by being cut, polished and used for decorative purpose and thus, economically variable. During cutting process, 20 30 of a marble block becomes waste marble powder. Krishnendra Kumar Shukla | Hirendra Pratap Singh "Experimental Study of Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete with Marble Dust and Recron Fibre as Admixture" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38703.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38703/experimental-study-of-partial-replacement-of-cement-in-concrete-with-marble-dust-and-recron-fibre-as-admixture/krishnendra-kumar-shukla
Strength Studies on Metakaolin Modified Cement Mortar with Quarry Dust as Fin...IDES Editor
Scarcity of river sand is one of the major problems
in the construction industry. Studies were conducted to find
out the feasibility of using quarry dust to partially replace
sand in concrete. . These studies revealed that, due to increased
fineness, the combination require an increased water cement
ratio which results in strength reduction or the use of a water
reducing admixture. Use of super pozzolanic supplementary
cementing materials such as silica fume, rice husk ash,
metakaolin etc in concrete and mortar improves the strength
even at a higher water binder ratio. Metakaolin, a
manufactured material, calcined kaolinite is available at
moderate cost. This paper presents the results of a study to
use metakaolin in cement mortar as a partial replacement of
cement where quarry dust was used as the fine aggregate.
The effect of water binder ratio and metakaolin replacement
level on the compressive strength of cement quarry dust mortar
was investigated.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY USING NANO- SILICA AND ...IRJET Journal
- The document experimentally investigates the strength of concrete when cement is partially replaced by nano-silica and fly ash.
- Testing was done on concrete cubes with cement replaced 20-30% by fly ash and 1.5-4.5% by nano-silica. The highest compressive strength was achieved with 20% fly ash and 3% nano-silica replacement.
- Results showed that up to 3% nano-silica replacement, compressive strength initially increased then decreased with further nano-silica for a given fly ash content. Replacing over 30% cement with fly ash decreased strength below the control mix.
IRJET-Study on Strength and Durability Aspects of Geopolymer ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the strength and durability properties of geopolymer concrete using fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binders to replace cement. Various mix designs were tested with different ratios of fly ash to GGBS. The compressive strength and split tensile strength of the geopolymer concrete cubes increased with an increasing percentage of GGBS in the mix. The highest compressive strength of 66MPa was observed for a mix with a 60% fly ash and 40% GGBS ratio. Additionally, sorptivity tests found that geopolymer concrete has lower water absorption than traditional concrete, indicating better durability. The study demonstrates that geopolymer concrete
“EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT BY SEWAGE SLUDGE ASH AND...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies on the use of sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Key findings include:
- SSA can replace up to 10-15% of cement without significantly reducing concrete's mechanical properties. SSA concrete showed improved strength in some studies.
- SSA modifies the pore structure of concrete, reducing absorptivity and permeability.
- Pre-treatments like drying, grinding, or calcining SSA can improve its properties as a cement replacement and affect the workability and strength of concrete.
- Using SSA in concrete provides an environmentally-friendly way to dispose of sewage waste while creating a usable construction material.
Study on Microstructure and Durability Properties of Concrete with Different ...IRJET Journal
This document studies the effect of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as supplementary cementitious materials on the microstructure and durability properties of concrete. Concrete cubes were made by replacing 30% of cement with fly ash or GGBS. Tests were performed to analyze the compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, and microstructure of the concrete mixes. The results showed that concrete with GGBS had higher compressive strength and performed better in water absorption and sorptivity tests compared to fly ash concrete. Examination using scanning electron microscope and X-ray computed tomography revealed that GGBS improved the morphology and reduced the porosity of the concrete microstructure.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Role of Lime Stone Powder & Glass Powder Fly Ash Concrete : An Experim...IRJET Journal
This document presents an experimental study on the effects of adding limestone powder and glass powder to fly ash concrete. Concrete mixtures were prepared with additions of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% limestone powder or glass powder. The mixtures were then tested to evaluate properties like slump and compressive strength. The results showed modest improvements in properties with the additions, particularly when a plasticizer was used along with the glass powder. The aim was to utilize industrial wastes like fly ash, limestone powder, and glass powder in concrete production to improve sustainability.
Self compacting concrete for slip form pavingeSAT Journals
This document summarizes research on developing self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes suitable for slip form paving applications. It describes a study that designed 9 SCC mixes with different cement replacements (GGBS, alccofine, metakaolin) to evaluate their fresh and hardened properties. A mini-paver system was used to simulate slip form paving in the laboratory. Test results on the mixes' flowability, green strength, and compressive strength are discussed to evaluate their potential for slip form paving construction.
EFFECT OF SELF - CURING ON MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCR...IAEME Publication
In this Research Study, the Use of Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) and Polyethylene glycol as Self curing agents in concrete is proven to have many positive effects on the properties of concrete in its both stages; Fresh and hardened concrete. The function of Self- curing agents is to reduce the water evaporation from concrete. The use of Self Curing admixtures is very important from the point of view that saving of water is a necessarily everyday (each one cubic metre of concrete requires 3m3 of water in construction, most of water consumed is for curing, Hence it is necessary to reduce the use of water in construction and save water). The Present research work focuses on use of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) as self-curing agents, affect of Self Curing Concrete agents on Mechanical Characteristics Using Msand, and compared with those of conventionally cured concrete. In this Study 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% SAP and 1%, 1.5% and 2% PEG was varied for M25 grade of Concrete Mixes and Specimen. The experimental results show that, in general, the combined use of, 1.5%, 0.2% SAP in combination with Fly ash and Silica Fume as mineral admixture showed superior results in comparison to conventional curing method, enhancing the mechanical properties of SCC.
IRJET- Making Concrete Better: Addition of Glass Powder to Enhance Concre...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on enhancing concrete properties by adding glass powder. The study aims to use glass powder as a partial replacement for cement to assess its pozzolanic activity and compare its performance to other industrial wastes. Concrete mixtures were prepared with glass powder added at rates of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. Tests were performed to evaluate the effect on workability, density, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption. The results showed that adding glass powder up to a certain level can improve concrete properties while also providing an outlet for industrial waste.
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IRJET-Marsh Cone Analysis of Ternary Blended Mixes with Retarding Superplasti...IRJET Journal
This study examines the compatibility of ternary blended concrete mixes containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and Alccofine with polycarboxylic ether (PCE) based retarding superplasticizers. Marsh cone tests were conducted to analyze the flow characteristics and determine the optimum dosage of admixtures in the blended mixes. The results showed that most blended mixes were compatible with PCE admixtures at dosages of 0.6-1.1% and increasing the mineral admixture content increased the flow time.
Marsh Cone analysis of ternary blended mixes with retarding superAbdulRazakBH
Abstract - Cement-chemical admixture compatibility is an essential parameter to ensure desired performance and durability of the concrete structures. However compatibility of blended mixes with chemical admixtures will ensure economy in construction along with desired performance and durability of the concrete structures. The hydration of cement involves series of reactions, which mainly depend on the cement composition, the water / cement ratio, surface area, particle size distribution, temperature and admixtures. Admixtures when added in small quantities make the hydration process much more complex. In the present study double blended mixes are tested for fresh properties, optimum dosage of chemical admixtures and strength.
Key Words: GGBS,PCE based admixture, Alccofine, Compatibility
Scope of Producing Concrete by Replacing Cement with Marble Dust & Doping Sup...IRJET Journal
The document reviews research on producing more sustainable concrete by partially replacing cement with marble dust at different percentages and adding a super plasticizer. Studies found that replacing up to 15% of cement with marble dust can increase concrete strength compared to conventional mixes. The addition of super plasticizers was shown to improve the workability and strength of concrete mixes containing marble dust as a cement replacement.
Characteristics of High-Strength Concrete Incorporating Marble Waste as a Par...IRJET Journal
The document discusses using marble waste as a partial replacement for cementitious materials in high-strength concrete. Various concrete mixtures were produced by replacing cement, silica fume, and fly ash with 5-20% marble waste. The mixtures were tested to evaluate the effect on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, and unit weight at curing periods of 7, 28, and 56 days. Test results found that replacing 10% of the cementitious materials with marble waste, 10% with silica fume, and 5% with fly ash improved the mechanical properties and durability of the concrete while reducing costs.
This document summarizes a comparative study on the use of glass powder as a partial replacement for cement in concrete. Glass powder and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) were used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in concrete mixes at varying percentages to replace cement. Concrete cubes were cast with different mix designs and tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, and 28 days. Initial strength gains at 3 days were lower for mixes containing GGBS but strengths were equivalent to the control mix at 7 days. Based on results so far, replacing up to 50% of cement with a combination of 15% GGBS and 35% glass powder produced concrete with satisfactory workability and comparable compressive strength to
1) The document studies the use of marble powder as a partial replacement for cement in normal compacting concrete.
2) Five concrete mixes were tested with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% replacement of cement with marble powder to determine compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths at 7, 28, and 56 days.
3) The results showed that compressive, split tensile, and flexural strengths generally increased up to 10% replacement of cement with marble powder compared to the normal mix without replacement. Higher replacements of 15% and 20% typically showed reduced strengths compared to the 10% replacement mix.
This document summarizes a study that assessed the fresh and hardened properties of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) containing steel, polypropylene, and hybrid fibers at various high temperatures. Four SCC mixtures were tested: a control without fibers, one with 1% polypropylene fibers, one with 1% steel fibers, and one with 0.5% of each steel and polypropylene fibers. All mixtures met standards for workability and passing ability. The inclusion of fibers slightly reduced workability. Mechanical properties generally increased with temperature up to 200°C then decreased at higher temperatures. Fiber-reinforced SCC exhibited improved spalling resistance compared to plain SCC.
This document reviews the development and use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in self-compacting concrete (SCC). It summarizes past literature on how various calcium-rich and silica-rich SCMs have been used to improve the properties of SCC. The review focuses on the effects of ultra-fine fly ash (UFFA) on the plastic and hardened properties of SCC. It notes that prior studies have examined the use of SCMs like fly ash, slag, and silica fume to enhance workability and strength but that no comprehensive study has looked at the impact of UFFA specifically. The review proposes that future work should examine how UFFA influences SCC properties using an artificial
This document evaluates the strength parameters of self-compacting concrete incorporated with carbon and glass fibres. It discusses how the concrete was made with various percentages of micro silica and fibres as a replacement for cement. The compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of the concrete mixtures were tested at 7 and 28 days. The results showed that the concrete achieved the highest strength at 0.6% addition of carbon or glass fibres, with carbon fibres performing slightly better. In conclusion, the compressive strength increased by 12% for carbon fibre and 8% for glass fibre mixtures at the 0.6% fibre level.
This document is the proceedings of the 2nd International Professional Doctorate and Postgraduate Symposium held at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia on September 25, 2021. It contains abstracts from various papers presented at the symposium covering topics such as machine learning, architecture, occupational health and safety, education, supply chain management, and more. The proceedings were organized by the School of Graduate Studies and Postgraduate Student Society of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
This study investigates the synergistic effects of combining fly ash and silica fume to produce high-strength self-compacting cementitious composites. Seven mixtures were prepared with varying amounts of fly ash (17.5-25%) and silica fume (1.25-7.5%) as a replacement for ordinary portland cement. The mixtures were tested for rheological properties in the fresh state and mechanical properties like compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity in the hardened state. The results showed that a combination of 80% fly ash and 20% silica fume produced the highest flowability. For superior mechanical properties, the optimum mixture contained 80% cement, 17.5% fly ash and 2
This document summarizes a research study on the effect of using electrically precipitated fly ash (EPFA) as a partial replacement for cement in self-compacting concrete (SCC). The study tested SCC mixes with 0-30% EPFA replacement at 5% intervals. Tests were conducted on fresh properties, mechanical properties like compressive strength, and durability properties like rapid chloride permeability and water sorptivity. Results showed that 20% EPFA replacement provided better results than the control SCC mix, improving properties while also providing economic and environmental benefits through reduced cement usage.
View of Synergetic Effect of Met kaolin for Developing Fast Setting Early Str...Muthumari Ganesan
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses the use of copper slag as a supplementary cementitious material in high strength self-compacting concrete. Twelve concrete mixes were prepared with 0-20% fly ash replacement of cement and 10-100% copper slag replacement of fine aggregate. The fresh and mechanical properties of the mixes were evaluated up to 180 days. The results showed that workability improved with increasing copper slag content due to its glassy texture. The 40% copper slag mix achieved the maximum compressive strength. Copper slag also reduced chloride penetration and improved concrete quality according to tests. However, sulfate immersion increased weight but reduced strength over time. Overall, the study found that copper slag can be used as a sustainable material to develop high performance self-
The document presents an experimental study that evaluated the residual compressive behavior of self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixes exposed to high temperatures up to 600°C. Ten SCC mixes were tested that varied the type and amount of mineral additives used as partial replacements for cement by weight, including metakaolin (5-15%), fly ash (20-30%), and limestone (5-15%). Testing of the mixes included compressive strength, stress-strain behavior, modulus of elasticity, and strain at peak stress at room temperature and after high temperature exposure. The results showed a significant decrease in mechanical properties for all mixes after 200°C, with the mineral additives affecting the variations in residual strength by 24%
The document summarizes research into developing sustainable high-performance self-compacting concrete using ladle slag as a cement replacement. Ladle slag, a steel industry waste material, was used to replace cement at levels of 5%, 10%, 15% and 25% in self-compacting concrete mixtures. The fresh properties, mechanical properties such as compressive and splitting tensile strength, and simple durability properties of the mixtures were evaluated based on standard tests and compared to a control mixture without ladle slag. The results generally showed improvements in properties for replacements up to 15% ladle slag compared to the control mixture. The research aims to evaluate the performance of ladle slag as a supplementary cementitious material in producing sustainable high-performance
This document discusses a research study on developing high-strength self-compacting concrete using supplementary cementitious materials. The study aims to produce self-compacting concrete with high compressive strength using silica fume and fly ash as partial replacements for cement. The laboratory tests evaluated the fresh and hardened properties of self-compacting concrete mixes with binary and ternary combinations of silica fume and fly ash at different replacement levels. The results showed that both the fresh and hardened properties depended on the use of supplementary cementitious materials. Compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths significantly increased for mixes containing supplementary cementitious materials. The optimum replacement levels for high strength self-compacting concrete were found to be 10%
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
2. 382 Vol.36 No.3 Abbas Guvalov et al: Influence of Rheological Active Additives on the Proper...
sand has high rheological activity and increases its
density while reducing its porosity when used in
concrete. Pomegranate quartz increases its strength by
up to 150 MPa when it joins the optimum amount of
concrete. With its high tech properties, pomegranate
disperse quartz also has significant deficiencies. These
deficiencies are energy expenditure on washing, drying
and grinding of sand in the mold. Therefore, the study
of mountain rocks that can replace quartz is very actual.
The purpose of the present study is to determine
the effect of superplasticizer and mineral modifier on
the properties of self-compacting cement compositions.
2 Experimental
In the present research, dust particles from
grinding of rocks were used in the rare-active
dispersion filler lab. The following mountain rocks
are used as local raw materials for the purchase of fine
dispersed powders:
limestone of Garadagh deposit, marble of Dashke-
san deposit, and granite of Zurnabad bed of Khanlar
District.
In the research, Glenium SKY 500, Glenium 313
hyperplasticizers and Rheobuild 878 superplasticizer
derived from BASF were used as a plasticizer addition.
Hyperplasticizer Glenium SKY 500 is aqueous
solutions with different degrees of polymerization
based on Glenium 313 polycarboxylate esters.
Superplasticizer Rheobuild 878 naphthalene is an
anionic surface-active agent, consisting of a mixture of
oligomer and polymer compounds obtained as a result
of condensation of sulfonate with formaldehyde.
The CERM I -52, 5N portlandcement of the
Holcim cement plant, such as cement, was used.
Bahramtepe River sand (Mir = 2, 1) and Guba
stone (Mir = 3, 4), as well as 5-10 mm Guba massage
were found as large filler.
Rheological characteristics methodology proposed
by V Kalashnikov was evaluated[12]
. According to
this method, the modified Suttard viscosimeter was
used. Viscosimeter is a stainless steel cylinder with an
internal diameter of 25 mm and a height of 50 mm. The
change in water demand and fluidity is estimated for
the spread of water-mineral mixture in the gravitational
flow of the dough. In this case, the flow rate is
calculated by the following formula:
τ0 = hd2
r/ kD2
where, τ0 is the flow rate of the paste, Pa; h is the
viscometric height, m; d is the density of dough, kg /
m3
; k is the ratio taking into account the distribution of
tension in the pulse-plastic mass 2; D is the diameter of
dough, m.
The method includes the following steps: Under
180 mm×180 mm size glass, the circular scales are
placed on paper, and then the cylinder and the glass
are moistened. The material sample is taken to ensure
that the cylinder is full. The cylinder is removed and
the diameter of the dough is measured. The density of
the dough taken from each measurement is indicated.
According to the results of measurements, the plastic
effect is determined. Plasticizing effect is determined
by the water reducing index characterizing the
reduction of water consumption in the isoreological
system:
Wred = (Water/Solid)n/(Water/Solid)pl
where, (Water/Solid)n and (Water/Solid)pl is a water/
solid ratio of normal and plasticized paste. The spread
of cement mortar was determined with Hegermann
cone, and the spread of concrete mixture is determined
by the Abrams cone[13,14]
. 5 sm cube samples, based on
cement paste and cement-sand solution, 15 sm cube
samples based on concrete mixture were maintained
in normal conditions. The content of cement paste and
concrete mixture is
shown in the corresponding tables.
3 Results and discussion
At the initial stage of the research, reotechnolog-
ical properties and sedimentation effects of mineral
suspensions (cement, limestone, marble and granite
powder) were studied (Table 1). Three different
plasticizers were used in the research. Water reduсing
effect of hyperplastifers is 1.56 in cement suspension,
1.54 in granite, 3.5-4 in marble and lime stone.
The use of 1% of the additives significantly
increases the diffusion diameter of the mixture in all
constituents and decreases the flow rate accordingly
(Table 2). The maximum flow rate characterizing the
diffusion of gravitational flow at the lime suspension
is taken during use of the Glenium SKY500 plasticizer
(6.08 Pa). Under the influence of the hyperplastifier,
mineral absorption at this point of flow is carried out
completely as a flux fluid and flows like water.
The effects of mineral supplements (limestone,
marble and granite powder) on the reactor properties of
cement suspensions, first of all, on the flow rate were
studied with both plastifers and plasticizers (Figs.1-
3. 383
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. www.jwutms.net June 2021
3). It appears that the amount of mineral supplements
increases, the flow limit decreases, and the solution
is well dissipated. When using plasticizers сompared
to pure cement, the flow rate of mineral additives
decreases to 26%-37%. As the particles of the finely
disperse filler are positively charged as cement, the
electrostatic and steric effecting mechanisms result in
the adsorption of the plasticizer, with the flow of binary
mineral suspensions decreasing to the minimum. In
this case, binary mineral suspensions begin to flow like
newtonic fluids, not as fluid-structured liquid.
The influence of plasticizers on water/solid matter
ratio was studied in the research process depending on
the quantity of mineral supplements. The results show
Table 1 Impact of mineral suspensions on water / solids ratio
of plasticizers
No. Materials SP type
Water
/sol
ratio
Spread
D/sm
Water
reducing
index
1 2 3 4 5 6
1
Cement
- 0.5 9
Glenium SKY500 0.32 9 1.56
Glenium 313 0.34 9 1.47
Rheobuild 878 0.38 8.8 1.32
2
Marble
- 0.44 9
Glenium SKY500 0.11 9 4
Glenium 313 0.14 9 3.14
Rheobuild 878 0.19 9.2 2.31
3
Granite
- 0.4 9
Glenium SKY500 0.26 9 1.54
Glenium 313 0.26 9 1.54
Rheobuild 878 0.3 9.1 1.33
4
Limestone
- 0.42 9
Glenium SKY500 0.12 9 3.5
Glenium 313 0.14 9 3.0
Rheobuild 878 0.19 9.2 2.2
Fig.1 The effect of plasticizers on the flow rate of cement-marble
solution on the amount of marble
Fig.2 The effect of plasticizers on the flow rate of the cement-
granite solution on the granite content
Fig.3 The effect of plasticizers on the flow rate of cement-
limestone solution on the amount of limestone
Fig.4 Dependence of the effect of the cement-limestone solution
on the water-solids ratio of the plasticizers to the amount of
limestone
Table 2 Impact of plastifiers on the spread of mineral sus-
pensions
No. Materials SP type
Water
/sol
ratio
Spread,
D/sm
t/Pa
1 2 3 4 5 6
1
Cement
- 0.5 9 34.60
Glenium SKY500 0.5 17 9.70
Glenium 313 0.5 17 9.70
Rheobuild 878 0.5 13 16.90
2
Marble
- 0.4 9 33.00
Glenium SKY500 0.4 20 7.20
Glenium 313 0.4 19 7.93
Rheobuild 878 0.4 16.5 12.50
3
Granite
- 0.4 9 35.40
Glenium SKY500 0.4 17.5 9.90
Glenium 313 0.4 15 12.20
Rheobuild 878 0.4 14 14.00
4
Limestone
- 0.42 9 30.20
Glenium SKY500 0.42 21.7 6.08
Glenium 313 0.42 19.7 7.22
Rheobuild 878 0.42 18 10.70
4. 384 Vol.36 No.3 Abbas Guvalov et al: Influence of Rheological Active Additives on the Proper...
that the ratio of water/solids to cement decreases in
cement-limestone (Fig.4) and cement-marble (Fig.5),
in proportion to the increase in mineral supplements.
In cement-granite suspension (Fig.6), the results
are somewhat different. Thus, the ratio of water / solid
to a substance is reduced by 80%, and then begins to
increase. None of the selected plastids after this range
affects the spread of cement-granulose suspension.
This can be explained by the weak absorption
of the superplasticizer in the aqueous suspensions to
the surface of the granite particles, which is due to the
negative loading of the granite particles. It is enough
to add a small amount of cement (up to 5%-10% of the
mineral component) to mineral suspension to re-fill the
granite particles, to increase the plasticizer effect of
superplasticizers and hyperplasticizers.
The effectiveness of the cement-limestone and
cement-marble binary systems are closely related
to each other. It is explained by the fact that both of
these marble and lime stone are composed of CaCO3
and effects are similar when used with cement and
plasticizer. Therefore, it is better to give priority to
the selection of pomegranate dispersions in cement-
mineral powder systems rather than marble. Ther are
limited resources in Azerbaijan, but a large number of
deposits and cheaply financed limestone. Thus, the use
of limestone beds for the acquisition of rheological-
active stone powder is more promising.
An important criterion for the selection of powd-
ers is the compatibility of cement with chemical and
mineral supplements. Additionally, additives must
satisfy the following requirements:
a) It should be sufficiently dense to prevent the
movement of water and hyperplasticizer in particle
pores.
b) High-density dispersion and special surface
should be between 300-500 m2
/ kg.
c) Have a rheological activity.
d) The particles of the finely disperse filler must be
positively charged. Because super and hyperplasticizers
are anionic, and their loaded functional groups should
be adsorbed to the surface of the particles and increase
the flow rate.
Investigation of the self-compacting mixtures
(cement mortar, cement-sand and concrete) was carried
out with the use of stone powder based on heavy-
duty limestone stone. In the preparation of these
mixtures, because of the use of only narcotic powder,
pomegranate dispersions were considerably lower
than the cost of the concrete. Since the self-propelled
concrete mix has a high flow rate, its preparation is
based on mechanical noise, i e, without vibration. On
the other hand, mixtures have enough self-esteem,
and there is no violation of their equivalence and the
process of segregation of large fillers. In addition to the
dispersed mineral additive, Garadagh limestone powder
(carbonate powder), as a hyperplasticizer Glenium
SKY 500 was used in the present research to fulfill
these two requirements (Table 3).
When applying lime stone powder, the effectiv-
eness of the cement mix increases. Its particles are
distributed between cement particles and form a three-
dimensional spatial carcass with larger particles. This
spherical carcass consists of chains and aggregates
created by numerous coagulant connections. As a
consequence, as the result of increasing the viscosity,
plastic strength, corrosion and thixotropy of the
mixture, the segregation process is eliminated and the
Table 3 Effects of lime powder on the properties of the cement
mortar
No.
Composition of cement mix/(kg / m3
)
Slump/
sm
Compressive
strength/MPa
Cement
Carbonate
powder
Glenium
SKY500
Water 7 d 28 d
1 440 44 6.78 140 14 53.5 71.23
2 440 88 8.45 140 14 55.41 73.56
3 440 132 9.15 142 14 60.56 81.30
4 440 176 9.86 142 14 58.67 79.02
Fig.6 Dependence of the effect of the cement-granite solution on
the solid substance ratio of the plasticizers to the amount of
granite
Fig.5 Dependence of cement-marble mortar on the solids content
of the plasticizers depending on the amount of marble
5. 385
Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. www.jwutms.net June 2021
system becomes self-destructive. Studies have shown
that when the stone does not add to the powder, the
cement mortar has a sharp contraction when it raises
the spread of the thread up to 14 cm, which can not
be mixed with the mixture. The thickness of cement
crusher obtained with application of lime powder is at
71.23-81.30 MPa. When the amount of lime powder
is increased from 10% to 40%, the cement density,
based on the same fluidized cement solution, increases
by 10 MPa. Microscopic analysis was performed in
an electron microscope after curing under normal
conditions for 28 days of samples added to 30%
limestone powder (Fig.7).
As can be seen, the structure of the cement stone
without an additive is not homogeneous (Fig.7(a)). Its
structure was grouped as a group of portlandite crystals
and was described as a weak crystallization layer with a
high content of calcium hydrocrystals. When limestone
powder is added due to fine particles, a homogeneous
structure of the cement stone is formed (Fig.7(b)).
Thin crystals of portlandite are observed only in closed
pores, and the crystallization of which occurs after the
formation of the basic structure of cement.
The properties of the cement-sand solution
obtained after adding a small filler made of sand
and stones were investigated without changing the
proportion of water-solids content (Table 4). The
mechanism of carbonate powder impact on the
cement-sand solution is similar to the cement solution.
According to Hegermann, when the cement-sand
solution is dissolved in 22 cm, it pays off the demands
on mixed dissolved mixtures. Carbonate powder is
close to cement activity because it has a rheological
activity. Therefore, cement water demand only
increases to 10%-15%. When the amount of carbonate
powder increases from 10% to 40%, the water
requirement of 1 m3
of the self-compacting mixture is
only 12 lbs, and the strength of the compacted concrete
is increased from 60.12 to 68.07 MPa.
In experiments by increasing the volume of
rheology matrix consisting of cement, stone powder
and water to extract the self-extracting mixture is
achieved. From economic point of view, the increase
amount of cement is not effective, because the
amount of stone powder increases up to 40%, as the
pomegranate disperses.
Only 5-10 fractions of large fillers have been
added to the fine-grained concrete to obtain a self-
compacting concrete mix without touching the
rheological matrix. The properties of the obtained
self-compacting concrete mixture and its concrete
properties are given in Table 5.
Table 4 Effects of carbonate powder on properties of self- compacting cement-sand solution
No.
Composition of cement-sand solution/(kg/m3
)
Slump/sm
Compressive strength/MPa
Cement Sand Stone production Lime stone powder Additive Water 7 d 28 d
1 440 528 485 44 6.78 130 22 45.24 60.12
2 440 508 462 88 8.45 132 20.5 48.72 64.92
3 440 488 444 132 9.15 140 21.5 51.47 68.07
4 440 468 426 176 9.86 142 22 50.85 67.66
Table 5 Impact of carbonate dust on the properties of self-compacting concrete
No.
Composition of concrete/(kg/m3
) Slump
/sm
Compressive strength/Pa
Cement Sand Stone production Crused stone 5-10 fr. Additive Lime stone powder Water 7 d 28 d
1 440 538 495 841 5.28 - 130 60 30.59 40.51
2 440 528 485 821 6.78 44 130 60 35.59 46.51
3 440 508 462 794 8.45 88 132 58 37.27 48.62
4 440 488 444 755 9.15 132 140 61 39.38 52.72
5 440 468 426 724 9.86 176 142 62 38.69 51.43
Fig.7 Microstructure of cement stone
6. 386 Vol.36 No.3 Abbas Guvalov et al: Influence of Rheological Active Additives on the Proper...
It is difficult to get normal self-compacting
concrete because it does not contain carbonate powder
as it seems. Therefore, the strength of such concrete
in compressing within 28 days is less than 40.51 MPa.
When the amount of carbonate powder was increased
by 10%-40%, the severity of squeezing was greater
than 15-30%. When carbonate powder was 40%, the
strength of concrete was 10% higher than the 10%
carbonate powder used content.
4 Conclusions
a) The rheological activity of the used stone
powders was close to the rheological activity of cement.
The rheological activity of the used stone powders was
close to the rheological activity of cement and the flow
rate of the cement suspension at the use of the Glenium
SKY500 plasticizer is 9.7 and 6.08 Pa in the lime
suspension.
b) When 10%-40% limestone powder as
rheological active additive was used, the strength of
cement stone was 71.23-81.30 MPa.
c) When the amount of lime powder rose from
10% to 40%, the compressive strength of fine-grained
concrete, based on the self-compacting mixture,
increased from 60.12 to 68.07 MPa. As the result of an
electron microscope analysis, the lime stone powder
was added, and the increase in strength was associated
with the formation of a dense, homogeneous structure
of cement stone at the expense of finely dispersed
particles.
d) Polyfunctional concrete with a compressive
strength of 52.72 MPa was obtained on compression
based on the self-compacting concrete mixture of 61
cm by adding coarse aggregates of fraction 5-10 to the
fine-grained concrete without touching the rheological
matrix.
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