The document examines the composition and digestion of gummy bears through listing ingredients, conducting food tests, and outlining the digestive process.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging materials and their evaluation. It introduces the need for packaging in protecting pharmaceutical products and providing information. The main types of primary packaging materials discussed are glass, plastics, metals, films and foils, elastomeric closures. Secondary and tertiary packaging materials are also mentioned. Various tests for evaluating the different materials are summarized such as permeability and mechanical tests.
NUTRACEUTICALS & FUNCTIONAL FOODS MARKETDebashish Kar
The document summarizes the nutraceuticals and functional foods market in India. It notes that the Indian market was valued at $1.48 billion in 2011 and is expected to grow to $2.73 billion by 2016, compared to the global market of $149.5 billion. It identifies the major market segments and players. Key drivers of growth are increasing health awareness and disposable income, while challenges include lack of standardization and awareness. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regulates the industry but implementation of regulations remains a work in progress. Strategic recommendations include further clarifying regulations, encouraging private sector R&D and promotion, and addressing undernutrition through public-private partnerships.
The document discusses different types of tablets, their advantages and disadvantages, ingredients used in tablets including diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and other excipients. It describes various commonly used excipients, their functions and provides examples. The document also covers different types of tablets based on how they are administered and how they are used.
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regulates the import, manufacture, and sale of nutraceuticals in India under the Food Safety and Standard Act 2006. FSSAI requires licenses for all parties involved in the food sector and has established regulations for product evaluation, analysis, health claims and other aspects of importing, manufacturing and selling nutraceuticals. Licenses include basic registration for small retailers, state licenses for medium businesses, and central licenses for large manufacturers. FSSAI regulations aim to standardize and ensure safety of the nutraceutical industry in India.
The document provides guidelines for specifications of new drug substances and products. It discusses setting specifications based on development data and stability studies. Universal tests for drug substances include identification, assay, impurities. For products, additional tests depend on dosage form and may include dissolution, uniformity, sterility. The guidelines provide concepts for justifying specifications and periodic testing. They apply principles for biotech products, addressing characterization, analytical validation, process controls, and linking specifications to manufacturing and clinical data.
Formulation and evaluation of Gastroretentive Bosentan monohydrate tablets us...mamatha jirra
The presentation is about the preparation and evaluation of Bosentan monohydrate tablets using raft technology, which is used to treat Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). Raft technology is a novel approach to formulate Gastroretentive tablets. Raft is formed on the surface of gastric contents when the tablet comes in contact with the gastric fluid. The drug is released from the raft slowly and continuously resulting in controlled drug release.
QUALITY CONTROL OF TABLETS IPQC stands for in process quality control. These are checks that are carried out before the manufacturing process is completed.
Pharmaceutical development report (pdr)Atul Bhombe
The document discusses the key sections and guidelines for an effective Pharmaceutical Development Report (PDR) as outlined in ICH Q8 and Q8(R1). The six critical sections of a PDR are: 1) active and inactive ingredients, 2) formulation development and properties, 3) manufacturing process development, 4) container closure system, 5) microbiological attributes, and 6) compatibility with diluents. The PDR provides a comprehensive understanding of the product and manufacturing process for regulatory review and should be updated throughout the product lifecycle.
This document discusses pharmaceutical packaging materials and their evaluation. It introduces the need for packaging in protecting pharmaceutical products and providing information. The main types of primary packaging materials discussed are glass, plastics, metals, films and foils, elastomeric closures. Secondary and tertiary packaging materials are also mentioned. Various tests for evaluating the different materials are summarized such as permeability and mechanical tests.
NUTRACEUTICALS & FUNCTIONAL FOODS MARKETDebashish Kar
The document summarizes the nutraceuticals and functional foods market in India. It notes that the Indian market was valued at $1.48 billion in 2011 and is expected to grow to $2.73 billion by 2016, compared to the global market of $149.5 billion. It identifies the major market segments and players. Key drivers of growth are increasing health awareness and disposable income, while challenges include lack of standardization and awareness. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regulates the industry but implementation of regulations remains a work in progress. Strategic recommendations include further clarifying regulations, encouraging private sector R&D and promotion, and addressing undernutrition through public-private partnerships.
The document discusses different types of tablets, their advantages and disadvantages, ingredients used in tablets including diluents, binders, disintegrants, lubricants and other excipients. It describes various commonly used excipients, their functions and provides examples. The document also covers different types of tablets based on how they are administered and how they are used.
The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) regulates the import, manufacture, and sale of nutraceuticals in India under the Food Safety and Standard Act 2006. FSSAI requires licenses for all parties involved in the food sector and has established regulations for product evaluation, analysis, health claims and other aspects of importing, manufacturing and selling nutraceuticals. Licenses include basic registration for small retailers, state licenses for medium businesses, and central licenses for large manufacturers. FSSAI regulations aim to standardize and ensure safety of the nutraceutical industry in India.
The document provides guidelines for specifications of new drug substances and products. It discusses setting specifications based on development data and stability studies. Universal tests for drug substances include identification, assay, impurities. For products, additional tests depend on dosage form and may include dissolution, uniformity, sterility. The guidelines provide concepts for justifying specifications and periodic testing. They apply principles for biotech products, addressing characterization, analytical validation, process controls, and linking specifications to manufacturing and clinical data.
Formulation and evaluation of Gastroretentive Bosentan monohydrate tablets us...mamatha jirra
The presentation is about the preparation and evaluation of Bosentan monohydrate tablets using raft technology, which is used to treat Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH). Raft technology is a novel approach to formulate Gastroretentive tablets. Raft is formed on the surface of gastric contents when the tablet comes in contact with the gastric fluid. The drug is released from the raft slowly and continuously resulting in controlled drug release.
QUALITY CONTROL OF TABLETS IPQC stands for in process quality control. These are checks that are carried out before the manufacturing process is completed.
Pharmaceutical development report (pdr)Atul Bhombe
The document discusses the key sections and guidelines for an effective Pharmaceutical Development Report (PDR) as outlined in ICH Q8 and Q8(R1). The six critical sections of a PDR are: 1) active and inactive ingredients, 2) formulation development and properties, 3) manufacturing process development, 4) container closure system, 5) microbiological attributes, and 6) compatibility with diluents. The PDR provides a comprehensive understanding of the product and manufacturing process for regulatory review and should be updated throughout the product lifecycle.
The document summarizes the sensory evaluation process for ice cream. It describes testing vanilla ice cream with ingredients costing $3.24. Sensory testing would occur from 10am to 12pm using a consumer preference method. Standards are provided for materials used in ice cream production like milk, sugar and flavors. The study showed incorporating beta carotene microparticles into ice cream improved color and reduced artificial dyes, according to colorimetric evaluation. Sensory testing of milk candy flavors also occurred using a hedonic scale to rate color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability of control and samples with different sugar contents.
This document defines key terms related to food fortification and outlines standards and guidelines for fortifying various foods in India. It defines fortification as deliberately increasing micronutrients in food to improve nutrition and public health. It provides permissible levels of micronutrients to fortify foods like rice, wheat flour, milk, oil, and salt. General principles are that fortification aims to prevent or reduce deficiencies and support health. Manufacturers must ensure fortified foods meet micronutrient levels and comply with packaging, labeling, and quality assurance standards.
This document discusses quality control, quality assurance, and statistical process control. It defines quality assurance as organized arrangements to ensure products meet requirements, quality control as testing and documentation to ensure a product's quality, and statistical process control as monitoring quality through statistical methods. The concepts of SPC were developed in the 1920s and help reduce process variation through techniques like control charts that establish control limits based on the mean and standard deviation. Process variability is important to understand and control limits placed at three standard deviations are effective at detecting shifts or instability.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials pdtt 2AMOGH DANDEKAR
This document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It describes the key characteristics packaging materials must have to protect pharmaceutical products, including being non-reactive and non-toxic. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and paper. Factors like the dosage form, route of administration, and stability of the product and packaging material are considered when selecting materials. Containers and closures are also described along with common material types used and ideal requirements. Evaluation tests for containers and closures are mentioned to ensure suitability for pharmaceutical use.
This document discusses guidelines from the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) for stability testing of drug substances and products. It provides guidance on topics such as the need for harmonized stability testing, types of stability testing, selection of batches and storage conditions for testing, and evaluation of stability data. The guidelines aim to establish a systematic approach to stability testing to ensure quality, safety and efficacy over a product's shelf life and recommend conditions for testing drug substances intended for various storage conditions.
This presentation summarizes recommendations from an ISPE working group for assessing blend and content uniformity. The group proposed modifications to address issues with the withdrawn 2002 FDA guidance. Key recommendations include a two-stage blend testing approach using statistical analysis and flexibility in selecting sampling plans, acceptance criteria, and confidence/coverage levels using a risk-based approach.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for evaluating stability data to estimate retest periods or shelf lives for drug substances and products. It discusses general principles, data presentation, extrapolation, and statistical approaches. Evaluation methods are described for products stored at room temperature or below room temperature. The document also includes a decision tree outlining steps for data analysis, extrapolation considerations, and factors that influence proposed retest periods.
FOOD AND NUTRACEUTICALS REGULATION IN INDIAChandanBV2
This document provides an overview of regulations for nutraceuticals and functional foods in India. It discusses key terms like nutraceuticals and functional foods. It outlines the history and timeline of food regulations in India, describing various national laws established. It explains the Food Safety and Standard Act of 2006, which aims to establish a single reference point for all food safety matters. The document also discusses licensing and registration requirements for nutraceuticals under FSSAI, labeling requirements, and the regulatory requirements for entering the Indian nutraceutical market.
ICH Q6A Specifications by Chandra MohanChandra Mohan
The document provides guidelines on specifications for new drug substances and products. It defines specifications and outlines universal tests that should be included for both drug substances and products, such as description, identification, assay, and impurities. It also describes specific tests that may be included depending on the dosage form, such as dissolution, disintegration, hardness/friability for solid oral dosage forms. The guidelines provide information on justifying acceptance criteria and setting specifications based on development data and stability studies.
This document provides instructions for reporting, investigating, and handling deviations from standard operating procedures and processes. It defines deviations as planned or unplanned and categorizes them based on their severity and impact on product quality. The procedure outlines the process for reporting deviations, investigating the root cause, implementing corrective and preventive actions, evaluating their effectiveness, and trending analysis. Quality assurance is responsible for approving deviation reports and deciding if batches can be released.
Glass as Pharmaceutical packaging materialAnil Pethe
Glass is commonly used as a packaging material due to its advantages such as impermeability, clarity, heat resistance allowing for sterilization, and inertness. The main types of glass used are soda lime glass and borosilicate glass. Glass manufacturing involves batching ingredients like silica, lime, and soda then melting, forming, annealing, sorting, and packaging. Forming methods include blow and blow and press and blow processes. Performance tests are conducted to ensure the quality and safety of glass packaging. Regulations govern the submission of data on glass packaging materials and components.
The document discusses in-process quality control (IPQC) for parenteral products. IPQC involves controlling manufacturing procedures from raw materials to finished product release. Key IPQC tests for parenterals include clarity testing to detect particulate matter using visual or automated methods, leakage testing of packaging, testing fill volume and pH, and sterility testing. The document outlines various physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological tests performed during IPQC to ensure product quality.
This document discusses the process of manufacturing tablets. It begins by providing an introduction and definition of tablets. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of tablets. The document outlines the different types of tablets and describes the main manufacturing processes of wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. It provides details on each process and discusses their advantages and limitations. The document is a guide on the production of tablets from start to finish.
RECENT GROWTH OF NUTRACEUTICAL IN REGIONAL MARKETShruti Motwani
The presentation highlights the results of a market survey conducted in Nagpur region of Maharashtra to estimate the growth of nutraceutical market in the region. This survey was conducted as a part of curricular project for completion of B.Pharm. The following presentation may help the viewer to get an idea about the growth trends of nutraceutical market in urban regions of the country(nagpur region here). The importance of such surveys has been clearly mentioned and the details regarding survey procedures and results may guide students in conducting such small scale surveys in future.
This document discusses the impacts of food safety standards on Thailand's processed animal-based export industries, with a focus on the poultry industry. It provides an overview of food safety standards in Thailand and concerns for the poultry product. Achieving food safety certification provides benefits like increased market share but small food industries in Thailand face constraints in implementation like costs and lack of knowledge. The document recommends strengthening links along the food chain and having a separate organization focus on horizontal food safety issues for the whole country, especially regarding practices for animal feeding, farming, and meat inspection.
Functional Foods: Their Role & Opportunitiessenaimais
The document discusses functional foods, their role and opportunities. It provides an overview of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), what functional foods are, why they are of interest, their history and the large business they represent. It discusses trends in functional foods and research, regulatory landscape and future outlook. The presentation aims to outline the topic of functional foods and opportunities within the field.
Control including pharmaceutical aspects, physical stability and packing of capsules. Capsules provide advantages such as masking taste and odor, ease of swallowing, and economical production. Quality control tests include physical tests like disintegration, weight variation and chemical tests like dissolution and content uniformity. Capsules are packaged in containers like plastic bottles or blister packs to protect from moisture and ensure stability. Pharmaceutical aspects of capsules include improved dissolution and bioavailability over tablets due to liquid fill formulations, as well as reduced gastric irritation potential.
This document discusses change control in the pharmaceutical industry. It begins by defining change control as a formal system to review proposed or actual changes that could affect facilities, systems, equipment, or processes. The functions of change control are then outlined as identifying, reviewing, approving, validating, analyzing, and monitoring changes. The areas of change that would require control are described, including manufacturing, quality control, research and development, engineering, and marketing. Finally, the document states that written procedures and documentation like standard operating procedures and change control forms are necessary parts of the change control system.
Two students, Kitty and Zoe, conducted an experiment to see how gummy bears would grow when placed in different liquids over several days. They hypothesized that the gummy bears would expand in the various liquids. They observed that the gummy bear in orange juice grew the largest but eventually dissolved into the liquid, while those in water and Sprite expanded the most each day. When other liquids like monster, lemon juice, and syrup were tested, the gummy bears either dissolved, turned to water, or remained the same size. Overall, the hypothesis was partly supported as the bears did expand, but some dissolved contradicting the hypothesis.
The document provides an overview of the confectionery industry in India. It discusses key aspects of the industry including what confectionery is made of, major players in the Indian market like Parle and Perfetti Van Melle, and popular brands. It also covers the growth of the organized confectionery segment in India, the market share of different product categories, and marketing strategies of leading brands like Alpenliebe and Big Babol. In conclusion, it predicts further growth in the industry driven by new product innovations and increasing targeting of adult consumer segments.
The document summarizes the sensory evaluation process for ice cream. It describes testing vanilla ice cream with ingredients costing $3.24. Sensory testing would occur from 10am to 12pm using a consumer preference method. Standards are provided for materials used in ice cream production like milk, sugar and flavors. The study showed incorporating beta carotene microparticles into ice cream improved color and reduced artificial dyes, according to colorimetric evaluation. Sensory testing of milk candy flavors also occurred using a hedonic scale to rate color, flavor, taste and overall acceptability of control and samples with different sugar contents.
This document defines key terms related to food fortification and outlines standards and guidelines for fortifying various foods in India. It defines fortification as deliberately increasing micronutrients in food to improve nutrition and public health. It provides permissible levels of micronutrients to fortify foods like rice, wheat flour, milk, oil, and salt. General principles are that fortification aims to prevent or reduce deficiencies and support health. Manufacturers must ensure fortified foods meet micronutrient levels and comply with packaging, labeling, and quality assurance standards.
This document discusses quality control, quality assurance, and statistical process control. It defines quality assurance as organized arrangements to ensure products meet requirements, quality control as testing and documentation to ensure a product's quality, and statistical process control as monitoring quality through statistical methods. The concepts of SPC were developed in the 1920s and help reduce process variation through techniques like control charts that establish control limits based on the mean and standard deviation. Process variability is important to understand and control limits placed at three standard deviations are effective at detecting shifts or instability.
Selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials pdtt 2AMOGH DANDEKAR
This document discusses the selection and evaluation of pharmaceutical packaging materials. It describes the key characteristics packaging materials must have to protect pharmaceutical products, including being non-reactive and non-toxic. The main packaging materials discussed are glass, plastic, metal, and paper. Factors like the dosage form, route of administration, and stability of the product and packaging material are considered when selecting materials. Containers and closures are also described along with common material types used and ideal requirements. Evaluation tests for containers and closures are mentioned to ensure suitability for pharmaceutical use.
This document discusses guidelines from the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) for stability testing of drug substances and products. It provides guidance on topics such as the need for harmonized stability testing, types of stability testing, selection of batches and storage conditions for testing, and evaluation of stability data. The guidelines aim to establish a systematic approach to stability testing to ensure quality, safety and efficacy over a product's shelf life and recommend conditions for testing drug substances intended for various storage conditions.
This presentation summarizes recommendations from an ISPE working group for assessing blend and content uniformity. The group proposed modifications to address issues with the withdrawn 2002 FDA guidance. Key recommendations include a two-stage blend testing approach using statistical analysis and flexibility in selecting sampling plans, acceptance criteria, and confidence/coverage levels using a risk-based approach.
This document provides an overview and guidelines for evaluating stability data to estimate retest periods or shelf lives for drug substances and products. It discusses general principles, data presentation, extrapolation, and statistical approaches. Evaluation methods are described for products stored at room temperature or below room temperature. The document also includes a decision tree outlining steps for data analysis, extrapolation considerations, and factors that influence proposed retest periods.
FOOD AND NUTRACEUTICALS REGULATION IN INDIAChandanBV2
This document provides an overview of regulations for nutraceuticals and functional foods in India. It discusses key terms like nutraceuticals and functional foods. It outlines the history and timeline of food regulations in India, describing various national laws established. It explains the Food Safety and Standard Act of 2006, which aims to establish a single reference point for all food safety matters. The document also discusses licensing and registration requirements for nutraceuticals under FSSAI, labeling requirements, and the regulatory requirements for entering the Indian nutraceutical market.
ICH Q6A Specifications by Chandra MohanChandra Mohan
The document provides guidelines on specifications for new drug substances and products. It defines specifications and outlines universal tests that should be included for both drug substances and products, such as description, identification, assay, and impurities. It also describes specific tests that may be included depending on the dosage form, such as dissolution, disintegration, hardness/friability for solid oral dosage forms. The guidelines provide information on justifying acceptance criteria and setting specifications based on development data and stability studies.
This document provides instructions for reporting, investigating, and handling deviations from standard operating procedures and processes. It defines deviations as planned or unplanned and categorizes them based on their severity and impact on product quality. The procedure outlines the process for reporting deviations, investigating the root cause, implementing corrective and preventive actions, evaluating their effectiveness, and trending analysis. Quality assurance is responsible for approving deviation reports and deciding if batches can be released.
Glass as Pharmaceutical packaging materialAnil Pethe
Glass is commonly used as a packaging material due to its advantages such as impermeability, clarity, heat resistance allowing for sterilization, and inertness. The main types of glass used are soda lime glass and borosilicate glass. Glass manufacturing involves batching ingredients like silica, lime, and soda then melting, forming, annealing, sorting, and packaging. Forming methods include blow and blow and press and blow processes. Performance tests are conducted to ensure the quality and safety of glass packaging. Regulations govern the submission of data on glass packaging materials and components.
The document discusses in-process quality control (IPQC) for parenteral products. IPQC involves controlling manufacturing procedures from raw materials to finished product release. Key IPQC tests for parenterals include clarity testing to detect particulate matter using visual or automated methods, leakage testing of packaging, testing fill volume and pH, and sterility testing. The document outlines various physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological tests performed during IPQC to ensure product quality.
This document discusses the process of manufacturing tablets. It begins by providing an introduction and definition of tablets. It then discusses the advantages and disadvantages of tablets. The document outlines the different types of tablets and describes the main manufacturing processes of wet granulation, dry granulation, and direct compression. It provides details on each process and discusses their advantages and limitations. The document is a guide on the production of tablets from start to finish.
RECENT GROWTH OF NUTRACEUTICAL IN REGIONAL MARKETShruti Motwani
The presentation highlights the results of a market survey conducted in Nagpur region of Maharashtra to estimate the growth of nutraceutical market in the region. This survey was conducted as a part of curricular project for completion of B.Pharm. The following presentation may help the viewer to get an idea about the growth trends of nutraceutical market in urban regions of the country(nagpur region here). The importance of such surveys has been clearly mentioned and the details regarding survey procedures and results may guide students in conducting such small scale surveys in future.
This document discusses the impacts of food safety standards on Thailand's processed animal-based export industries, with a focus on the poultry industry. It provides an overview of food safety standards in Thailand and concerns for the poultry product. Achieving food safety certification provides benefits like increased market share but small food industries in Thailand face constraints in implementation like costs and lack of knowledge. The document recommends strengthening links along the food chain and having a separate organization focus on horizontal food safety issues for the whole country, especially regarding practices for animal feeding, farming, and meat inspection.
Functional Foods: Their Role & Opportunitiessenaimais
The document discusses functional foods, their role and opportunities. It provides an overview of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), what functional foods are, why they are of interest, their history and the large business they represent. It discusses trends in functional foods and research, regulatory landscape and future outlook. The presentation aims to outline the topic of functional foods and opportunities within the field.
Control including pharmaceutical aspects, physical stability and packing of capsules. Capsules provide advantages such as masking taste and odor, ease of swallowing, and economical production. Quality control tests include physical tests like disintegration, weight variation and chemical tests like dissolution and content uniformity. Capsules are packaged in containers like plastic bottles or blister packs to protect from moisture and ensure stability. Pharmaceutical aspects of capsules include improved dissolution and bioavailability over tablets due to liquid fill formulations, as well as reduced gastric irritation potential.
This document discusses change control in the pharmaceutical industry. It begins by defining change control as a formal system to review proposed or actual changes that could affect facilities, systems, equipment, or processes. The functions of change control are then outlined as identifying, reviewing, approving, validating, analyzing, and monitoring changes. The areas of change that would require control are described, including manufacturing, quality control, research and development, engineering, and marketing. Finally, the document states that written procedures and documentation like standard operating procedures and change control forms are necessary parts of the change control system.
Two students, Kitty and Zoe, conducted an experiment to see how gummy bears would grow when placed in different liquids over several days. They hypothesized that the gummy bears would expand in the various liquids. They observed that the gummy bear in orange juice grew the largest but eventually dissolved into the liquid, while those in water and Sprite expanded the most each day. When other liquids like monster, lemon juice, and syrup were tested, the gummy bears either dissolved, turned to water, or remained the same size. Overall, the hypothesis was partly supported as the bears did expand, but some dissolved contradicting the hypothesis.
The document provides an overview of the confectionery industry in India. It discusses key aspects of the industry including what confectionery is made of, major players in the Indian market like Parle and Perfetti Van Melle, and popular brands. It also covers the growth of the organized confectionery segment in India, the market share of different product categories, and marketing strategies of leading brands like Alpenliebe and Big Babol. In conclusion, it predicts further growth in the industry driven by new product innovations and increasing targeting of adult consumer segments.
This document defines and describes different types of confectionery. It explains that confectionery includes both bakers' confections and sugar confections. Bakers' confections include pastries, cakes and baked goods made with flour, while sugar confections are made primarily of sugar and include sweets, candies and chocolates. Confectionery gets its sweetness from natural and synthetic sweeteners like sugar, syrups and chocolate. Common confectionery products mentioned include chocolate bars, muffins, nuts, pies, cookies, jelly, cakes, doughnuts and pastries.
This chapter discusses food presentation and photography. It explains that food presentation involves arranging food attractively using techniques like plating, balancing different elements, and garnishing. Garnishes and herbs can be used to enhance appearance and flavor. When taking food photos, photographers should use good lighting, shoot from different angles, include props, and keep dishes clean to showcase the food in an appetizing way. The goal is to attract attention and make food visually pleasing and tempting.
Zainab Zahra presented on the principles of marketing for Nestle Pakistan. Nestle was founded in the 1860s by Henri Nestle and today operates factories around the world. In Pakistan, Nestle arrived in 1988 through a joint venture and has since expanded to include 4 production facilities and over 3,500 employees. Nestle offers a variety of products in Pakistan including dairy, beverages, water, coffee, and confectionery. Through market segmentation, differentiation, and a focus on health and nutrition, Nestle has positioned itself as the leading food and beverage brand in Pakistan.
The document provides an overview of the confectionery industry in India. It discusses key trends like increasing health consciousness and snacking. It outlines that the market is dominated by multinational companies but domestic players are growing. The largest players include Cadbury, Nestle, and Lotte. Sugar confectionery remains most popular but gum is growing fastest. The market is expected to continue strong growth and chocolate popularity will increase further. Healthier options are a growing niche but price remains very important in India.
This PowerPoint was one very small part of my Cellular Biology Unit from the website www.sciencepowerpoint.com . Teaching Duration = 4+ Weeks This unit includes an interactive and engaging 3 part PowerPoint Presentation of 2,200+ slides with built-in class notes (Red Slides), lab activities with instructions and visuals, project ideas, discussion questions, assessments, challenge questions with answers, 3 review games (150 slides each), video and activity links, and much more. Text is provided in large print (32 font) and is placed at the top of each slide so it can read from all angles of a classroom. A shade technique and color coded text helps to increase student focus and allows teacher to control the pace of the lesson. Also included is a 11 page bundled homework package that chronologically follows the PowerPoint slideshow as well as a 8 page modified assessment. 16 pages of class notes (Word doc.) with images are also included for students who require assistance, as well as answer keys to both of the assessments for support professionals, teachers, and homeschool parents. 13 video shorts (.flv files) and several video and activity links are provided. A slide within the slideshow cues teacher / parent when the videos are most relevant to play. Video shorts usually range from 2-7 minutes and are included in organized folders. Three PowerPoint review games (125+ slides) is included. Answers to the PowerPoint review game is provided in PowerPoint form so students can self-assess. Lastly, several class games such as guess the hidden picture beneath the boxes, and the find the hidden owl somewhere within the slideshow are provided. Difficulty rating of 9 (Ten is most difficult). Areas of Focus within The Cell Biology Unit. Cellular Biology, History of Cellular Biology, Modern Cell Theory, Types of Cells, Prokaryotic Cells, Eukaryotic Cells, Cellular Organelles, Cell Wall, Plasma Membrane, Passive Transport, Diffusion, Osmosis, Active Transport, The Nucleus, Chromatin / Chromosomes, Nucleolus, Nuclear Membrane, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosomes, Protein Synthesis, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Cytoskeleton / Microtubules / Microfilaments, Centrioles, Plastid, Photosynthesis, Mitochondria, Cellular Respiration, Vacuoles, Organelles by real images. This unit is aligned with the Next Generation Science Standards and Common Core Standards for ELA and Literacy for Science and Technical Subjects. Topics covered and standards addressed can be found at the end of this slideshow. Thank you for your time and interest. If you have any questions please feel free to contact me. Best wishes. Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com
Cadbury is a confectionery company founded in Birmingham, England in 1824. It manufactured the first chocolate bar in 1847 and the first milk chocolate in 1897. Today it has a wide range of products including chocolate bars, candies, gum, and beverages. It is now the largest confectionery company in the world. Some of its iconic brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, Cadbury Roses, and Cadbury Flake. It faces competition from other major confectionery companies like Mars, Nestle, Ferrero and Kraft Foods. To maintain its leading position, Cadbury needs to focus on brand building, expanding into emerging markets, and forming strategic partnerships.
Working With Goya Foods To Rock Digital MarketingFlightpath Inc
Flightpath leads the digital marketing efforts for Goya Foods, working with several agencies to create a successful digital marketing campaign. 2013 saw significant successes for Goya. Find out more in this slide deck, presented at BDI in New York by Flightpath President Jon Fox.
The Unbelievable Tale of Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping: A Riveting Sagagreendigital
Introduction
The notion of Dwayne Johnson kidnapping seems straight out of a Hollywood thriller. Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson, known for his larger-than-life persona, immense popularity. and action-packed filmography, is the last person anyone would envision being a victim of kidnapping. Yet, the bizarre and riveting tale of such an incident, filled with twists and turns. has captured the imagination of many. In this article, we delve into the intricate details of this astonishing event. exploring every aspect, from the dramatic rescue operation to the aftermath and the lessons learned.
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The Origins of the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping Saga
Dwayne Johnson: A Brief Background
Before discussing the specifics of the kidnapping. it is crucial to understand who Dwayne Johnson is and why his kidnapping would be so significant. Born May 2, 1972, Dwayne Douglas Johnson is an American actor, producer, businessman. and former professional wrestler. Known by his ring name, "The Rock," he gained fame in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE) before transitioning to a successful career in Hollywood.
Johnson's filmography includes blockbuster hits such as "The Fast and the Furious" series, "Jumanji," "Moana," and "San Andreas." His charismatic personality, impressive physique. and action-star status have made him a beloved figure worldwide. Thus, the news of his kidnapping would send shockwaves across the globe.
Setting the Scene: The Day of the Kidnapping
The incident of Dwayne Johnson's kidnapping began on an ordinary day. Johnson was filming his latest high-octane action film set to break box office records. The location was a remote yet scenic area. chosen for its rugged terrain and breathtaking vistas. perfect for the film's climactic scenes.
But, beneath the veneer of normalcy, a sinister plot was unfolding. Unbeknownst to Johnson and his team, a group of criminals had planned his abduction. hoping to leverage his celebrity status for a hefty ransom. The stage was set for an event that would soon dominate worldwide headlines and social media feeds.
The Abduction: Unfolding the Dwayne Johnson Kidnapping
The Moment of Capture
On the day of the kidnapping, everything seemed to be proceeding as usual on set. Johnson and his co-stars and crew were engrossed in shooting a particularly demanding scene. As the day wore on, the production team took a short break. providing the kidnappers with the perfect opportunity to strike.
The abduction was executed with military precision. A group of masked men, armed and organized, infiltrated the set. They created chaos, taking advantage of the confusion to isolate Johnson. Johnson was outnumbered and caught off guard despite his formidable strength and fighting skills. The kidnappers overpowered him, bundled him into a waiting vehicle. and sped away, leaving everyone on set in a state of shock and disbelief.
The Immediate Aftermath
The immediate aftermath of the Dwayne Johnson kidnappin
Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson: Titans of Influence and Inspirationgreendigital
Introduction
In the realm of entertainment, few names resonate as Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. Both figures have carved unique paths in the industry. achieving unparalleled success and becoming iconic symbols of perseverance, resilience, and inspiration. This article delves into the lives, careers. and enduring legacies of Orpah Winfrey Dwayne Johnson. exploring how their journeys intersect and what we can learn from their remarkable stories.
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Early Life and Backgrounds
Orpah Winfrey: From Humble Beginnings to Media Mogul
Orpah Winfrey, often known as Oprah due to a misspelling on her birth certificate. was born on January 29, 1954, in Kosciusko, Mississippi. Raised in poverty by her grandmother, Winfrey's early life was marked by hardship and adversity. Despite these challenges. she demonstrated a keen intellect and an early talent for public speaking.
Winfrey's journey to success began with a scholarship to Tennessee State University. where she studied communication. Her first job in media was as a co-anchor for the local evening news in Nashville. This role paved the way for her eventual transition to talk show hosting. where she found her true calling.
Dwayne Johnson: From Wrestling Royalty to Hollywood Superstar
Dwayne Johnson, also known by his ring name "The Rock," was born on May 2, 1972, in Hayward, California. He comes from a family of professional wrestlers, with both his father, Rocky Johnson. and his grandfather, Peter Maivia, being notable figures in the wrestling world. Johnson's early life was spent moving between New Zealand and the United States. experiencing a variety of cultural influences.
Before entering the world of professional wrestling. Johnson had aspirations of becoming a professional football player. He played college football at the University of Miami. where he was part of a national championship team. But, injuries curtailed his football career, leading him to follow in his family's footsteps and enter the wrestling ring.
Career Milestones
Orpah Winfrey: The Queen of All Media
Winfrey's career breakthrough came in 1986 when she launched "The Oprah Winfrey Show." The show became a cultural phenomenon. drawing millions of viewers daily and earning many awards. Winfrey's empathetic and candid interviewing style resonated with audiences. helping her tackle diverse and often challenging topics.
Beyond her talk show, Winfrey expanded her empire to include the creation of Harpo Productions. a multimedia production company. She also launched "O, The Oprah Magazine" and OWN: Oprah Winfrey Network, further solidifying her status as a media mogul.
Dwayne Johnson: From The Ring to The Big Screen
Dwayne Johnson's wrestling career took off in the late 1990s. when he became one of the most charismatic and popular figures in WWE. His larger-than-life persona and catchphrases endeared him to fans. making him a household name. But, Johnson had ambitions beyond the wrestling ring.
In the early 20
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Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio, A name synonymous with Hollywood excellence. is not only known for his stellar acting career but also for his impressive real estate investments. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" is a topic that piques the interest of many. as the Oscar-winning actor has amassed a diverse portfolio of luxurious properties. DiCaprio's homes reflect his varied tastes and commitment to sustainability. from retreats to historic mansions. This article will delve into the fascinating world of Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate. Exploring the details of his most notable residences. and the unique aspects that make them stand out.
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Leonardo DiCaprio House: Malibu Beachfront Retreat
A Prime Location
His Malibu beachfront house is one of the most famous properties in Leonardo DiCaprio's real estate portfolio. Situated in the exclusive Carbon Beach. also known as "Billionaire's Beach," this property boasts stunning ocean views and private beach access. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Malibu is a testament to the actor's love for the sea and his penchant for luxurious living.
Architectural Highlights
The Malibu house features a modern design with clean lines, large windows. and open spaces blending indoor and outdoor living. The expansive deck and patio areas provide ample space for entertaining guests or enjoying a quiet sunset. The house has state-of-the-art amenities. including a gourmet kitchen, a home theatre, and many guest suites.
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Leonardo DiCaprio is a well-known environmental activist. whose Malibu house reflects his commitment to sustainability. The property incorporates solar panels, energy-efficient appliances, and sustainable building materials. The landscaping around the house is also designed to be water-efficient. featuring drought-resistant plants and intelligent irrigation systems.
Leonardo DiCaprio House: Hollywood Hills Hideaway
Privacy and Seclusion
Another remarkable property in Leonardo DiCaprio's collection is his Hollywood Hills house. This secluded retreat offers privacy and tranquility. making it an ideal escape from the hustle and bustle of Los Angeles. The "Leonardo DiCaprio house" in Hollywood Hills nestled among lush greenery. and offers panoramic views of the city and surrounding landscapes.
Design and Amenities
The Hollywood Hills house is a mid-century modern gem characterized by its sleek design and floor-to-ceiling windows. The open-concept living space is perfect for entertaining. while the cozy bedrooms provide a comfortable retreat. The property also features a swimming pool, and outdoor dining area. and a spacious deck that overlooks the cityscape.
Environmental Initiatives
The Hollywood Hills house incorporates several green features that are in line with DiCaprio's environmental values. The home has solar panels, energy-efficient lighting, and a rainwater harvesting system. Additionally, the landscaping designed to support local wildlife and promote
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The Evolution of the Leonardo DiCaprio Haircut: A Journey Through Style and C...greendigital
Leonardo DiCaprio, a name synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acting excellence. has captivated audiences for decades with his talent and charisma. But, the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut is one aspect of his public persona that has garnered attention. From his early days as a teenage heartthrob to his current status as a seasoned actor and environmental activist. DiCaprio's hairstyles have evolved. reflecting both his personal growth and the changing trends in fashion. This article delves into the many phases of the Leonardo DiCaprio haircut. exploring its significance and impact on pop culture.
3. Nutritional Information
Starch I chose gummy bears
because I like gummy
bears and I wanted to
see what was in it.
Protein
It does have starch and
Glucose glucose because they are
both carbohydrate. It has no
fat. It said it did have protein
in the test. I think this is
because there is only a little
Fat bit of protein. There is a little
pit of protein in the gelatin
and the gelatin is needed to
hold the gummy bears
together.
herhttp://www.thecaloriecounter.com/Foods/1900/19106/3/Food.aspx
4. Food Tests
Testing for Glucose
1. Put one whole gummy bear into a test tube
Testing for Fat
1. Get a gummy bear
2. Put water until about the gummy bear is covered
2. Get a filter paper
3. Add Benedict’s solution into the test tube
3. Rub the gummy bear to the filter paper
4. Put it in a hot water bath heated up to 80ºC
4. If the filter turns transparent, fat is present
5. Keep it in for about 20min.
6. If it turns orange (or yellow), glucose is present
Testing for Starch Testing for Protein
1. Put one whole gummy bear into a 1. Put one whole gummy bear into a test tube
test tube 2. Put water until about the gummy bear is covered
2. Put water until about the gummy 3. Add Biuret A and Biuret B
bear is covered 4. Put it in a hot water bath heated up to 80ºC
3. Add iodine into the test tube 5. Keep it in for about 20min.
4. If it turns black, starch is present 6. If it turns purple, protein is present
6. Mouth
The teeth grind and chew
the gummy bear into
small pieces
The saliva contains an
enzyme which starts
breaking down the starch
particles in the gummy
bears
The mucus in our saliva
helps us swallow the food
7. Duodenum
The enzymes in the
duodenum finish
breaking down the
starch particles into
sugar particles
Now the sugar
particles are small
enough to be
absorbed
8. Small Intestines
They are absorbed by
little finger-like
extensions called the
villi
It is absorbed into the
blood stream to be
used as a source of
energy for the body