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Gulag
- 2. Russian: Glavnoye Upravleniye ispravityelno-trudovykh Lagerey GULag was the Soviet Union Government agency that administered the main Soviet forced Labour Camp During the Stalin era (1930 to 1950) GULAG……?
- 3. “ WE ARE FIFTY OR ONE HUNDRED YEARS BEHIND THE ADVANCE COUNTRIES. WE MUST MAKE GOOD THIS DISTANCE IN TEN YEARS ” - Stalin
- 4. The 5-Year Plan Need for Labor
- 5. Crimes Punishable……. Have you ever been late to work? Sent to the Gulag for 3 years. Have you ever told a joke about a government official? Sent to the Gulag for up to 25 years If your family was starving, would you take a few potatoes left in a field after harvest? Sent to the Gulag for up to 10 years The system of Soviet repression, Arrest Interrogation Incarceration Transportation Forced labour Break-up of the family Exile Death
- 6. GULAG – weapon of ongoing political control over one country, “Trials” – 5 minutes – sentences 8-10 years Article 58 – (1928) – anti-Soviet activity 25% “political prisoners”
- 7. Gulags in the USSR in the 1930s
- 8. LIFE IN THE CAMPS
- 9. Food… Food was limited, of poor quality and often rotten No work = no food = starvation = death
- 10. Work……
- 11. Gulag Worker Filing Out for Work
- 12. Gulag Worker Railway line construction Work
- 13. 13 GULAG CAMPS ? Kolyma Vladivostok Kiev Tashkent Ulan Bator Solovetsky Perm 326 White Sea – Baltic Sea Canal
- 14. Kolyma - “means death” Harshest of all the camps -NE Siberia
- 15. Mining at Kolyma Kolyma - “means death” Harshest of all the camps
- 16. Major building program of the Gulags • The White Sea-Baltic Sea Canal built between 1931 and 1933 • First major construction of the Gulag system • 100 000 prisoners constructed a 141 mile canal with hand tools in 20 months, it was a failure in that it was too narrow and too shallow to carry the required vessels.
- 17. Human Cost of the Gulag System
- 18. Between 1936 and 1950 around 12 million prisoner died in the Gulag system
- 19. Books On GULAG….
- 20. Gulag is a 1985 drama film by Roger Young
- 22. STALIN = 20+ Million Deaths (Starvation, Forced Labor Camps, Purges)
- 23. Impact of Stalinism Industrialisation and modernisation through forced labour….. – Dnieper Dam – Volga-Baltic Waterway – White Sea Canal – Economic, social, and political revolution – Rapid Industrialization – Iron, Steel, machines, electric, transportation – Economic Growth – Heavy Industry – 111% coal, 200% iron, 335% electric production – Increased output – Higher wages, Better housing – 2nd only to the U.S – Steel production 4 million to 18 million tons – Coal output 36 to 128 million tons – Production of capital goods and armaments – Quadrupled production of heavy machinery – Doubled oil production – Weapons increase tenfold or more – Human cost?
- 24. Quotes of Stalin You cannot make a revolution with silk gloves. Death is the solution to all problems. No man - no problem. The death of one man is a tragedy. The death of millions is a statistic.
- 25. Thanks………..
Editor's Notes
- I. Some of the tasks set by the 5-Year Plan were so big and ambitious that there were not enough workers to do them. In such cases, prisoners in prison camps were made to do the work. These prisons thus became labor camps and prisoners became slaves.
- Gulag Map showing where all the prison camps were located during Stalin's era. (1) Circles: Regional administration (departments) of maps and colonies. (2) Green lines: Roads built by prisoners. (3) Black lines: Railway roads built by prisoners. (4) Gray areas: Territories where exiles were sent in mass.
- Clothing limited to rags with inmates often stripped of their good clothing on arrival and given rags to replace them. Shoes were made out of birch bark or recycled tyres Zeks were not people but ‘enemies of the people’ ; they had no rights, they could be used as the warders thought fit
- in that it was too narrow and too shallow to carry the required vessels
- It was not only in the Kolyma that large numbers of prisoners died in captivity. The death rate in all the camps was high. By 1938 about 20% of all prisoners in camps died each year. This meant that a prisoner stood very little chance of coming out alive at the end of his sentence if it was longer than five years. Between 1936 and 1950 around 12 million prisoner died in the gulag system.