This document provides guidelines for quality control testing of digital mammography equipment, including both computed radiography (CR) and direct radiography (DR) systems. It outlines tests to be performed before each examination, daily tests, weekly tests, monthly tests, quarterly tests, and six-monthly tests. The tests are designed to evaluate various aspects of image quality, dose, functionality and safety. Record sheets are provided for documenting results for each test. The document was created by the Mammography Quality Assurance Program Management Panel and is maintained by the Faculty of Clinical Radiology to ensure mammography equipment meets appropriate standards.
HQ Imaging helps radiology and research centers to obtain high-precision medical images, which are needed for diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making and fundamental research progress. Based on their in-depth expertise in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), HQ Imaging offers two main services: quality assurance and protocol optimization. Whether you need a shorter scan time per patient or you would like to improve image quality, the HQ Imaging team can tune every MRI sequence to your needs. In addition, the assured image quality means less repeat scans (e.g artefact reduction) and faster radiological readings (e.g. better contrast to noise ratio, adaption of geometrical parameters).
CT angiography uses x-rays and iodine contrast dye to produce detailed images of blood vessels and tissues. A CT scan is performed after the contrast dye is injected into the bloodstream. CT angiography can be used to diagnose and evaluate diseases of the blood vessels like injuries, aneurysms, and blockages. It provides more precise anatomical detail than MRI for small blood vessels. Potential risks include radiation exposure and allergic reaction to the contrast dye.
Computed tomography (CT) was developed by Godfrey Hounsfield to overcome limitations of conventional radiography and tomography. It uses X-rays and radiation detectors coupled with a computer to create cross-sectional images of the body. The first clinically useful CT scanner was installed in 1971. CT provides more accurate diagnostic information than conventional radiography by producing 3D representations of internal structures rather than 2D collapsed images.
CT perfusion of the head uses x-rays to show which areas of the brain are adequately supplied with blood. It provides detailed information about blood flow and is useful for evaluating conditions like stroke, brain vessel diseases, and tumors. The procedure involves injecting contrast dye and taking multiple scans as it circulates through the brain. It is fast, painless, and can help diagnose conditions and guide treatment.
1. Single slice CT acquires one slice at a time requiring longer acquisition times, while multi-slice CT acquires multiple slices per rotation allowing a larger volume to be scanned more quickly with less motion artifacts.
2. Multi-slice CT uses a detector array segmented in the z-axis to acquire multiple slices simultaneously, while single slice CT uses a long narrow detector array. This allows multi-slice CT to reconstruct images at various thicknesses and intervals.
3. Applications of multi-slice CT include faster whole organ and cardiac imaging, virtual endoscopy, isotropic imaging, and CT angiography due to its ability to acquire multiple slices simultaneously in a shorter time period.
This document provides an overview of nuclear imaging and nuclear medicine. It discusses the basics of nuclear physics including radioactive decay modes like beta emission, positron emission, and gamma emission. It describes common medical isotopes used like technetium-99m, their ideal properties, production, and administration. The principles of nuclear medicine imaging are covered along with instrumentation and clinical applications for diagnosing diseases. Advantages include examining organ function while disadvantages include radiation exposure and limited anatomical detail.
This document discusses various types of CT artifacts, their origins, and methods to reduce them. It defines artifacts as discrepancies between reconstructed CT images and true attenuation coefficients. Artifacts can arise from physics factors like beam hardening, partial volume effects, and photon starvation, as well as patient factors like metallic implants and motion. Scanner issues like detector miscalibration can also cause rings artifacts. The document describes common artifact types and provides examples of each. It emphasizes selecting appropriate protocols, reconstruction methods, and filters to minimize artifact impact on image quality.
This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine and the technologies used. It discusses radiopharmaceuticals, which consist of a chemical molecule and radionuclide, and are used in nuclear medicine to provide information about organ function. Gamma cameras are described as detecting radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals and producing images, while SPECT involves a gamma camera rotating around the patient to generate 3D tomographic images. The key components of gamma cameras and their operation are also summarized.
HQ Imaging helps radiology and research centers to obtain high-precision medical images, which are needed for diagnosis, therapeutic decision-making and fundamental research progress. Based on their in-depth expertise in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), HQ Imaging offers two main services: quality assurance and protocol optimization. Whether you need a shorter scan time per patient or you would like to improve image quality, the HQ Imaging team can tune every MRI sequence to your needs. In addition, the assured image quality means less repeat scans (e.g artefact reduction) and faster radiological readings (e.g. better contrast to noise ratio, adaption of geometrical parameters).
CT angiography uses x-rays and iodine contrast dye to produce detailed images of blood vessels and tissues. A CT scan is performed after the contrast dye is injected into the bloodstream. CT angiography can be used to diagnose and evaluate diseases of the blood vessels like injuries, aneurysms, and blockages. It provides more precise anatomical detail than MRI for small blood vessels. Potential risks include radiation exposure and allergic reaction to the contrast dye.
Computed tomography (CT) was developed by Godfrey Hounsfield to overcome limitations of conventional radiography and tomography. It uses X-rays and radiation detectors coupled with a computer to create cross-sectional images of the body. The first clinically useful CT scanner was installed in 1971. CT provides more accurate diagnostic information than conventional radiography by producing 3D representations of internal structures rather than 2D collapsed images.
CT perfusion of the head uses x-rays to show which areas of the brain are adequately supplied with blood. It provides detailed information about blood flow and is useful for evaluating conditions like stroke, brain vessel diseases, and tumors. The procedure involves injecting contrast dye and taking multiple scans as it circulates through the brain. It is fast, painless, and can help diagnose conditions and guide treatment.
1. Single slice CT acquires one slice at a time requiring longer acquisition times, while multi-slice CT acquires multiple slices per rotation allowing a larger volume to be scanned more quickly with less motion artifacts.
2. Multi-slice CT uses a detector array segmented in the z-axis to acquire multiple slices simultaneously, while single slice CT uses a long narrow detector array. This allows multi-slice CT to reconstruct images at various thicknesses and intervals.
3. Applications of multi-slice CT include faster whole organ and cardiac imaging, virtual endoscopy, isotropic imaging, and CT angiography due to its ability to acquire multiple slices simultaneously in a shorter time period.
This document provides an overview of nuclear imaging and nuclear medicine. It discusses the basics of nuclear physics including radioactive decay modes like beta emission, positron emission, and gamma emission. It describes common medical isotopes used like technetium-99m, their ideal properties, production, and administration. The principles of nuclear medicine imaging are covered along with instrumentation and clinical applications for diagnosing diseases. Advantages include examining organ function while disadvantages include radiation exposure and limited anatomical detail.
This document discusses various types of CT artifacts, their origins, and methods to reduce them. It defines artifacts as discrepancies between reconstructed CT images and true attenuation coefficients. Artifacts can arise from physics factors like beam hardening, partial volume effects, and photon starvation, as well as patient factors like metallic implants and motion. Scanner issues like detector miscalibration can also cause rings artifacts. The document describes common artifact types and provides examples of each. It emphasizes selecting appropriate protocols, reconstruction methods, and filters to minimize artifact impact on image quality.
This document provides an overview of nuclear medicine and the technologies used. It discusses radiopharmaceuticals, which consist of a chemical molecule and radionuclide, and are used in nuclear medicine to provide information about organ function. Gamma cameras are described as detecting radiation emitted from radiopharmaceuticals and producing images, while SPECT involves a gamma camera rotating around the patient to generate 3D tomographic images. The key components of gamma cameras and their operation are also summarized.
ICRP-International commission on Radiation ProtectionChandan Prasad
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an independent non-governmental organization founded in 1928 to provide protection, recommendations, and guidance on radiation protection. The ICRP aims to contribute to an appropriate level of protection for people and the environment against radiation exposure without unduly limiting desirable human actions. It has developed the International System of Radiological Protection based on scientific understanding and value judgments, applying three fundamental principles: justification, optimization of protection, and dose limits. The ICRP is made up of over 200 volunteers from 30 countries representing leading scientists and policymakers in radiological protection.
This document discusses the history and evolution of different generations of computed tomography (CT) technology. It describes the key limitations and innovations of each generation from the first generation CT scanner created in 1971, which took 5 minutes to produce an image, to modern multi-slice CT scanners. The higher the generation number, the faster imaging times and more slices that could be acquired simultaneously. However, a higher generation does not always indicate a higher performance system.
Computed tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays. CT has evolved through several generations with advances in technology. Modern multi-detector CT allows acquisition of multiple slices simultaneously, reducing scan time. Helical or spiral CT involves continuous table movement and X-ray rotation, allowing whole organ or body coverage with minimal artifacts. Pitch relates the table speed to beam width and affects radiation dose and anatomic coverage. CT has advantages over conventional radiography including better contrast resolution and ability to distinguish between tissues.
This document describes the key components of a CT scanner, including the gantry, x-ray tube, detector array, high voltage generator, and patient support couch. The gantry houses the x-ray tube, detector array, and other components and rotates around the patient. The x-ray tube produces x-rays, while the detector array detects the x-rays that pass through the patient and produces images. A high voltage generator supplies power to the x-ray tube. The patient lies on a support couch that positions them for imaging and must be made of material that does not interfere with the x-rays.
NCRP National Council On Radiation ProtectionChandan Prasad
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) is a US regulatory board established in 1929 to provide independent scientific analysis and recommendations on radiation protection for humans and the environment. It works with other organizations through two committees and seven program areas to establish guidance on radiation safety in areas like medicine, the environment, and security. The NCRP also cooperates with the International Commission on Radiological Protection to determine radiation dose limits based on analysis of risk.
This document provides an overview of digital radiography. It discusses the history, general principles, detectors, advantages, and disadvantages of digital radiography. Digital radiography was first developed in 1980 and makes radiographic images digitally stored and viewable on computers. The document focuses on the two main types of detectors used: flat panel detectors and high-density line-scan solid state detectors. Flat panel detectors can be indirect, using a scintillator, or direct, converting x-rays directly into charge. Digital radiography provides benefits like instant viewing, less radiation dose, and ability to share images digitally, but has higher costs than traditional radiography.
The document discusses inversion recovery MRI sequences. Inversion recovery sequences initially aimed to produce heavy T1 weighting but are now mainly used with fast spin echo sequences to produce T2-weighted images. The sequence begins with an 180-degree inversion pulse to invert spins, followed by a 90-degree excitation pulse after time TI. This produces an echo that can be used to generate T1- or T2-weighted images depending on timing parameters. Variants like fast inversion recovery, STIR, and FLAIR combine inversion recovery with other pulses to suppress signals from fat, fluid, or blood.
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a technique used to visualize blood vessels by subtracting bone and tissue structures from angiograms, leaving only images of opacified blood vessels. It involves acquiring digital fluoroscopic images before and after injecting iodinated contrast media and subtracting the pre-contrast images from the post-contrast images in real-time. DSA allows for both diagnostic evaluation of vascular anatomy and interventional procedures such as aneurysm coiling or tumor embolization. While generally safe, DSA does carry risks of local vascular complications, systemic reactions to contrast media, or neurological deficits in rare cases.
MDCT Principles and Applications- Avinesh ShresthaAvinesh Shrestha
Multidetector CT (MDCT) is one of the most commonly used imaging modality in the field of Radiology. Development and advancement in MDCT has made it's application as a major component in diagnosis and treatment planning of multitude of disease across the planet. This presentation briefly describes its basic principle and it's wide variety of application in medical imaging.
Radiography uses X-rays to generate images of the internal structures of objects. There are two major ways that X-rays interact with matter in medical imaging - the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. The photoelectric effect involves the complete absorption of an X-ray photon by an inner shell electron. The probability of the photoelectric effect is proportional to the cube of the atomic number of the material and inversely proportional to the cube of the photon energy. Compton scattering involves the scattering of X-ray photons by loosely bound electrons, resulting in a loss of energy of the photon. The probability of Compton scattering is dependent on the electron density of the material and inversely proportional to photon energy. It is the dominant
Elastography is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound to image the elasticity or stiffness of tissues. It works by applying slight pressure and measuring how tissues deform. Hard tissues appear stiffer on elastograms. Elastography has many medical applications including differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions, assessing liver fibrosis, and evaluating prostate lesions. Shear wave elastography provides quantitative stiffness measurements and is the most accurate method. While useful, elastography has limitations such as difficulty imaging large or painful lesions and certain anatomical areas. Overall, elastography provides important clinical information about tissue composition when used along with other imaging tests.
This document discusses three key components of x-ray imaging systems: filters, beam restrictors, and grids. It describes how filters like aluminum are used to absorb low energy rays and reduce patient exposure. It explains the three main types of beam restrictors - aperture diaphragms, cones or cylinders, and collimators - and how they define the size and shape of the x-ray beam. It also outlines the purpose of grids in removing scattered radiation to increase image contrast, and the different grid types including linear, crossed, focused, and moving grids.
The document describes the procedure of ERCP and T-tube cholangiography, outlining the anatomy, indications, contraindications, equipment, patient preparation, technique, and potential complications. ERCP allows endoscopes and other tools to be passed through the duodenum to visualize and treat the biliary and pancreatic ducts using techniques like sphincterotomy, stone removal, stent placement, and biopsy. A T-tube cholangiogram involves injecting contrast through a surgical T-tube in the bile ducts to image them after gallbladder removal.
The document discusses the role of radiographers in stroke management and acute stroke care. It outlines how diagnostic brain imaging such as CT and MRI scans are vital for determining the type and severity of stroke in order to guide appropriate treatment. Al Ain Hospital's acute stroke pathway is described which emphasizes rapid access to imaging and interpretation within time windows to facilitate early interventions like thrombolysis. The radiographer's role in performing scans and potentially interpreting images is highlighted as critical for expediting stroke care and treatment.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound uses microbubbles and ultrasound to improve visualization of blood vessels and assessment of vascular perfusion. Microbubbles are spherical gas-filled shells approximately 1-4 micrometers in size composed of materials such as albumin or lipids. When combined with ultrasound imaging, they enhance the contrast between blood pools and surrounding tissues. This technique is useful for evaluation of organ perfusion and differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Targeted microbubbles also show promise for molecular imaging applications.
This document provides an overview of CT procedures for imaging the abdomen and pelvis. It describes the gross anatomy visualized, common indications for CT, patient preparation including use of oral, IV and rectal contrast agents, and techniques for routine and specialized abdominal CT exams of various organs. Modifications to the routine technique are outlined for exams of the stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon and other structures.
This document provides standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from animals. It describes disk diffusion and dilution testing methods, as well as quality control guidelines. The document includes definitions of key terms, guidelines for selecting which antimicrobial agents to test and report, interpretive categories, reference strains for quality control, and specifics on performing beta-lactamase tests.
This document provides a summary of a report investigating excess ammonia levels in wastewater on North Stradbroke Island, Australia during peak tourism periods. The report identifies three potential causes for the higher ammonia: cleaning products used by cleaning companies, alcohol and food consumption by tourists, and increased wastewater production. It evaluates four options to address the problem: changing cleaning products, reducing alcohol consumption, reducing wastewater, or maintaining the status quo. The recommended option is changing cleaning products as ammonia is a main ingredient in many products and this option balances implementation difficulties and costs.
ICRP-International commission on Radiation ProtectionChandan Prasad
The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an independent non-governmental organization founded in 1928 to provide protection, recommendations, and guidance on radiation protection. The ICRP aims to contribute to an appropriate level of protection for people and the environment against radiation exposure without unduly limiting desirable human actions. It has developed the International System of Radiological Protection based on scientific understanding and value judgments, applying three fundamental principles: justification, optimization of protection, and dose limits. The ICRP is made up of over 200 volunteers from 30 countries representing leading scientists and policymakers in radiological protection.
This document discusses the history and evolution of different generations of computed tomography (CT) technology. It describes the key limitations and innovations of each generation from the first generation CT scanner created in 1971, which took 5 minutes to produce an image, to modern multi-slice CT scanners. The higher the generation number, the faster imaging times and more slices that could be acquired simultaneously. However, a higher generation does not always indicate a higher performance system.
Computed tomography (CT) provides cross-sectional images of the body using X-rays. CT has evolved through several generations with advances in technology. Modern multi-detector CT allows acquisition of multiple slices simultaneously, reducing scan time. Helical or spiral CT involves continuous table movement and X-ray rotation, allowing whole organ or body coverage with minimal artifacts. Pitch relates the table speed to beam width and affects radiation dose and anatomic coverage. CT has advantages over conventional radiography including better contrast resolution and ability to distinguish between tissues.
This document describes the key components of a CT scanner, including the gantry, x-ray tube, detector array, high voltage generator, and patient support couch. The gantry houses the x-ray tube, detector array, and other components and rotates around the patient. The x-ray tube produces x-rays, while the detector array detects the x-rays that pass through the patient and produces images. A high voltage generator supplies power to the x-ray tube. The patient lies on a support couch that positions them for imaging and must be made of material that does not interfere with the x-rays.
NCRP National Council On Radiation ProtectionChandan Prasad
The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) is a US regulatory board established in 1929 to provide independent scientific analysis and recommendations on radiation protection for humans and the environment. It works with other organizations through two committees and seven program areas to establish guidance on radiation safety in areas like medicine, the environment, and security. The NCRP also cooperates with the International Commission on Radiological Protection to determine radiation dose limits based on analysis of risk.
This document provides an overview of digital radiography. It discusses the history, general principles, detectors, advantages, and disadvantages of digital radiography. Digital radiography was first developed in 1980 and makes radiographic images digitally stored and viewable on computers. The document focuses on the two main types of detectors used: flat panel detectors and high-density line-scan solid state detectors. Flat panel detectors can be indirect, using a scintillator, or direct, converting x-rays directly into charge. Digital radiography provides benefits like instant viewing, less radiation dose, and ability to share images digitally, but has higher costs than traditional radiography.
The document discusses inversion recovery MRI sequences. Inversion recovery sequences initially aimed to produce heavy T1 weighting but are now mainly used with fast spin echo sequences to produce T2-weighted images. The sequence begins with an 180-degree inversion pulse to invert spins, followed by a 90-degree excitation pulse after time TI. This produces an echo that can be used to generate T1- or T2-weighted images depending on timing parameters. Variants like fast inversion recovery, STIR, and FLAIR combine inversion recovery with other pulses to suppress signals from fat, fluid, or blood.
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a technique used to visualize blood vessels by subtracting bone and tissue structures from angiograms, leaving only images of opacified blood vessels. It involves acquiring digital fluoroscopic images before and after injecting iodinated contrast media and subtracting the pre-contrast images from the post-contrast images in real-time. DSA allows for both diagnostic evaluation of vascular anatomy and interventional procedures such as aneurysm coiling or tumor embolization. While generally safe, DSA does carry risks of local vascular complications, systemic reactions to contrast media, or neurological deficits in rare cases.
MDCT Principles and Applications- Avinesh ShresthaAvinesh Shrestha
Multidetector CT (MDCT) is one of the most commonly used imaging modality in the field of Radiology. Development and advancement in MDCT has made it's application as a major component in diagnosis and treatment planning of multitude of disease across the planet. This presentation briefly describes its basic principle and it's wide variety of application in medical imaging.
Radiography uses X-rays to generate images of the internal structures of objects. There are two major ways that X-rays interact with matter in medical imaging - the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. The photoelectric effect involves the complete absorption of an X-ray photon by an inner shell electron. The probability of the photoelectric effect is proportional to the cube of the atomic number of the material and inversely proportional to the cube of the photon energy. Compton scattering involves the scattering of X-ray photons by loosely bound electrons, resulting in a loss of energy of the photon. The probability of Compton scattering is dependent on the electron density of the material and inversely proportional to photon energy. It is the dominant
Elastography is a noninvasive imaging technique that uses ultrasound to image the elasticity or stiffness of tissues. It works by applying slight pressure and measuring how tissues deform. Hard tissues appear stiffer on elastograms. Elastography has many medical applications including differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions, assessing liver fibrosis, and evaluating prostate lesions. Shear wave elastography provides quantitative stiffness measurements and is the most accurate method. While useful, elastography has limitations such as difficulty imaging large or painful lesions and certain anatomical areas. Overall, elastography provides important clinical information about tissue composition when used along with other imaging tests.
This document discusses three key components of x-ray imaging systems: filters, beam restrictors, and grids. It describes how filters like aluminum are used to absorb low energy rays and reduce patient exposure. It explains the three main types of beam restrictors - aperture diaphragms, cones or cylinders, and collimators - and how they define the size and shape of the x-ray beam. It also outlines the purpose of grids in removing scattered radiation to increase image contrast, and the different grid types including linear, crossed, focused, and moving grids.
The document describes the procedure of ERCP and T-tube cholangiography, outlining the anatomy, indications, contraindications, equipment, patient preparation, technique, and potential complications. ERCP allows endoscopes and other tools to be passed through the duodenum to visualize and treat the biliary and pancreatic ducts using techniques like sphincterotomy, stone removal, stent placement, and biopsy. A T-tube cholangiogram involves injecting contrast through a surgical T-tube in the bile ducts to image them after gallbladder removal.
The document discusses the role of radiographers in stroke management and acute stroke care. It outlines how diagnostic brain imaging such as CT and MRI scans are vital for determining the type and severity of stroke in order to guide appropriate treatment. Al Ain Hospital's acute stroke pathway is described which emphasizes rapid access to imaging and interpretation within time windows to facilitate early interventions like thrombolysis. The radiographer's role in performing scans and potentially interpreting images is highlighted as critical for expediting stroke care and treatment.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound uses microbubbles and ultrasound to improve visualization of blood vessels and assessment of vascular perfusion. Microbubbles are spherical gas-filled shells approximately 1-4 micrometers in size composed of materials such as albumin or lipids. When combined with ultrasound imaging, they enhance the contrast between blood pools and surrounding tissues. This technique is useful for evaluation of organ perfusion and differentiation of benign and malignant lesions. Targeted microbubbles also show promise for molecular imaging applications.
This document provides an overview of CT procedures for imaging the abdomen and pelvis. It describes the gross anatomy visualized, common indications for CT, patient preparation including use of oral, IV and rectal contrast agents, and techniques for routine and specialized abdominal CT exams of various organs. Modifications to the routine technique are outlined for exams of the stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, colon and other structures.
This document provides standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacteria isolated from animals. It describes disk diffusion and dilution testing methods, as well as quality control guidelines. The document includes definitions of key terms, guidelines for selecting which antimicrobial agents to test and report, interpretive categories, reference strains for quality control, and specifics on performing beta-lactamase tests.
This document provides a summary of a report investigating excess ammonia levels in wastewater on North Stradbroke Island, Australia during peak tourism periods. The report identifies three potential causes for the higher ammonia: cleaning products used by cleaning companies, alcohol and food consumption by tourists, and increased wastewater production. It evaluates four options to address the problem: changing cleaning products, reducing alcohol consumption, reducing wastewater, or maintaining the status quo. The recommended option is changing cleaning products as ammonia is a main ingredient in many products and this option balances implementation difficulties and costs.
"An evaluation of the Corporate Governance Arrangements of Australian Irrigation Water Providers." Nov 2007
Cooperative Research Centre for Irrigation Futures,
This document summarizes a systematic review of studies reporting on the global and regional incidence of preeclampsia and eclampsia between 2002-2010. The review identified 129 studies meeting inclusion criteria, from which 74 reports with data from over 39 million births across 40 countries were analyzed. Crude and model-based estimates were calculated. The overall estimates from the model were 4.6% of deliveries for preeclampsia and 1.4% for eclampsia, with significant regional variations. However, many countries lacked data, highlighting the need for improved data collection to better inform health policies.
Radiation shielding design assessment and verifycation requirementszhaizipo225
This document provides guidelines for assessing radiation shielding requirements for premises using radiation equipment or storing radioactive materials. It outlines responsibilities for owners and radiation experts and provides guidance on assessing shielding needs for premises with varying risk levels, from low-risk sites like dental clinics to higher-risk areas like nuclear medicine facilities. Assessment reports and shielding plans are described to verify that adequate protection is in place.
Citrus College - NASA SL Criticla Design ReviewJoseph Molina
This document is a Critical Design Review report for a student launch vehicle project. It summarizes the team and provides details on the design, manufacturing and testing of the launch vehicle and associated ground support equipment. The vehicle's subscale flight demonstrated stable flight within predicted parameters. The report describes the full-scale vehicle's design, components, integration procedures, safety analysis and predicted mission performance based on simulations. It also covers the design, manufacturing and testing of the payload and ground support equipment, along with safety analysis. Schedules and budgets are included.
The document describes the services provided by International Resource Laboratories (IRL), a leading provider of analytical services for the coal and coal seam gas industries. IRL offers a wide range of testing services including sample preparation, coal testing, gas analysis, environmental testing, and geological services. IRL is committed to providing accurate, precise and transparent results to clients in Australia and internationally. The document provides details on IRL's sample preparation methods, coal and gas testing capabilities, exploration geochemistry services, environmental testing, and other analytical services and procedures.
USGS Sampling and Analysis Plan for 2 Test Water Wells in Pavillion, WYMarcellus Drilling News
Report issued by the U.S. Geological Survey titled "Sampling and Analysis Plan for the Characterization of Groundwater Quality in Two Monitoring Wells near Pavillion, Wyoming". In June 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency installed two deep monitoring wells (MW01 and MW02) near Pavillion, Wyoming to study groundwater quality. The U.S Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, designed a plan to collect groundwater data from these monitoring wells. This sampling and analysis plan describes the sampling equipment that will be used, well purging strategy, purge water disposal, sample collection and processing, field and laboratory sample analysis, equipment decontamination, and quality-assurance and quality-control procedures.
This document provides strategies and information to help prepare for the NCLEX-PN exam. It begins with an introduction to the exam format and content. It then provides 12 general test-taking strategies such as understanding test intimidation, finding an optimal pace, and avoiding perfectionism. The document continues with reviews of various nursing content areas like respiratory conditions, circulatory system, endocrinology, and more. It concludes with sample questions, an answer key, and additional exam resources.
This document discusses the benefits of partial discharge (PD) diagnosis for assessing the condition of high voltage gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). It begins by describing different technical methods for PD diagnosis, including UHF, acoustic, and conventional methods. It then addresses how the reliability of PD diagnosis results influences risk assessment and discusses approaches to determine an 'asset risk index'. Next, it analyzes the costs and benefits of investing in PD diagnosis systems through various scenarios and examples. It also provides case studies of PD diagnosis from several countries. In conclusion, reliable PD diagnosis can help optimize maintenance, prevent unexpected outages, and lower costs when used to inform decision making about GIS equipment condition and risk of failure.
60969_Orsted2003-Morten Høgholm Pedersen-New Digital Techniques in Medical Ul...Morten Høgholm Pedersen
This document is a PhD thesis on new digital techniques in medical ultrasound scanning. It contains four main sections. The first section provides background on 3D ultrasound imaging, scanning techniques, and visualization methods. The second section describes a clinical trial using 3D ultrasound to stage cervical cancer in patients. Results showed 3D ultrasound was comparable to MRI and histology in evaluating tumor size and invasion. The third section discusses a pre-clinical trial using coded excitation to improve ultrasound image quality. Initial results found coded excitation increased penetration depth and reduced sidelobe artifacts. The fourth section concludes the thesis and discusses perspectives on using these new digital ultrasound techniques clinically.
Automated Image Detection Of Retinal Pathology.pdfMohammad Bawtag
This document provides an introduction to a book about automated detection of retinal pathology, with an emphasis on diabetic retinopathy. It discusses the clinical need for automated detection to help with large-scale screening programs for conditions like diabetic retinopathy. Various automated detection techniques are described, including microaneurysm detection, hemorrhage detection, lesion segmentation, and blood vessel analysis. The book aims to contribute to research on automated methods to help diagnose retinal conditions from digital images of the retina.
This bulletin gives an estimate of the accuracy of MERCATOR OCEAN’s analyses and forecast for the season of April-May-June 2010. It also provides a summary of useful information on the context of the production for this period. Diagnostics will be displayed for all MERCATOR OCEAN’s monitoring and forecasting systems currently producing daily 3D temperature salinity and current products. Finally we present a preliminary intercomparison of a few physical processes viewed by the operational systems and by ORCA12 (with and without data assimilation). The results show that the global ¼° and the Atlantic and Mediterranean 1/12° analyses and forecast still behave very similarly with an accuracy close to the expected levels (as defined in scientific qualification documents), except for the 1/12° displaying significantly better performance in the Mediterranean sea. Anyway this basin tends to be too warm in the model. The global 1/12° (in demonstration) displays at least as good performance and especially less biases than the current systems.
This document establishes guidelines for qualification and certification of personnel in nondestructive testing (NDT). It provides recommendations on the education, training, and experience needed to qualify at different certification levels for various NDT methods. Employers should develop written practices adhering to these guidelines. The document also covers training programs, examinations, certification, recertification, and other topics related to an NDT personnel certification program.
This document provides an expert consensus decision pathway for the management of mitral regurgitation (MR). It emphasizes assessing the etiology, mechanism, and severity of MR using clinical evaluation and echocardiography. Treatment goals are to intervene in a timely manner to prevent left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, reduced quality of life, and death. Surgical options include repair or replacement of the mitral valve based on valve anatomy and surgical risk. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair may be considered for select high-risk surgical patients. The pathway aims to guide clinical decision making for this complex valve condition when evidence is limited.
This thesis examines the viability of using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) passive samplers to measure dissolved trace elements in subtropical freshwater and estuarine environments. The document provides background on conventional monitoring methods and discusses the advantages of DGTs. It describes the DGT technique, previous laboratory and field testing, and the environmental setting and methods used in this study. The study deployed DGTs at multiple freshwater and estuarine sites on Oahu, Hawaii to measure dissolved trace elements over time. Results were compared to discrete water samples to evaluate DGT performance under subtropical conditions. The thesis contributes to understanding the applicability of DGTs for long-term, in situ monitoring of trace element
This document provides a quality assurance manual for the Branch of Geochemistry at the U.S. Geological Survey. It includes sections on sample collection and handling, analytical procedures, analyst quality control measures, laboratory-wide and external quality assurance, record keeping, and quality assurance reporting. Appendices include references, descriptions of analytical methods used, forms used, and tables of analytical results on reference materials. The manual documents the quality assurance practices used to help ensure the generation of reliable geochemical data.
Innovation and Diversification Policies for Natural RLaticiaGrissomzz
Innovation and Diversification Policies
for Natural Resource Rich Countries
Mueid Al Raee
UNU MERIT, UM MGSoG
Supervisors
Professor Jo Ritzen
Dr. Denis de Crombrugghe
2
3
Contents
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 7
Appendix 1-A ................................................................................................................... 16
2. Productivity and Innovation Policy .............................................................................. 19
2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 20
2.2. Innovation policies and the path towards successful innovation ............................ 24
2.3. Identification Strategy ........................................................................................... 29
2.4. Data ...................................................................................................................... 32
2.5. Results ................................................................................................................... 36
2.5.1. Global ............................................................................................................. 36
2.5.2. Arabian Gulf countries - A special case? ........................................................ 42
2.6. Conclusions and Discussion ................................................................................... 45
Appendix 2-A ................................................................................................................... 49
Appendix 2-B ................................................................................................................... 50
3. Policy and Economy in the GCC .................................................................................. 53
3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 55
3.2. Perspectives on innovation .................................................................................... 59
3.2.1. General ........................................................................................................... 59
3.2.2. The literature on GCC countries .................................................................... 61
3.3. The Case of GCC – Policies and Enablers ............................................................ 68
3.3.1. Section Summary ............................................................................................ 68
3.3.2. Development of education systems ................................................................. 71
3.3.3. Literacy, primary education, secondary education, reforms and performance 72
3.3.4. Tertiary education and vocational education ......................... ...
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
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How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
Guidelines for quality control testing for digital cr dr mammography v4
1. The Royal Australian and New Zealand
College of Radiologists®
The Faculty of Clinical Radiology
Guidelines for Quality Control
Testing for Digital CR DR
Mammography
2. Guidelines for Quality Control Testing for Digital
(CR & DR) Mammography
Clinical Radiology
Guidelines
Name of document and version:
Guidelines for Quality Control Testing for Digital (CR & DR) Mammography, Version 4.0
Approved by:
Faculty of Clinical Radiology Council
Date of approval:
22 June 2018
ABN 37 000 029 863
Copyright for this publication rests with The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of
Radiologists ®
The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists
Level 9, 51 Druitt Street
Sydney NSW 2000 Australia
New Zealand Office: Floor 6, 142 Lambton Quay, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
Email: ranzcr@ranzcr.edu.au
Website: www.ranzcr.edu.au
Telephone: +61 2 9268 9777
Facsimile: +61 2 9268 9799
Disclaimer: The information provided in this document is of a general nature only and is not intended as a
substitute for medical or legal advice. It is designed to support, not replace, the relationship that exists between a
patient and his/her doctor.
54. Page 53 of 61
9a Mammography Quality Control Checklist: Monthly or less frequently, CR only
For tests that should be performed monthly or less frequently
Site: _______________________________________________
MQAP ID: _______________________________________________
Year
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Repeat analysis -enter %
(quarterly)
Image Receptor Homogeneity
(quarterly)
AEC Calibration test (quarterly)
Mechanical inspection (Monthly)
Image plate cleaning (Monthly)
Printer QC (Monthly)
Film digitiser QC (Monthly)
Compression (half yearly)
Cassette/image plate condition and inter plate
sensitivity variation (half yearly)
Physicist’s check
(yearly)
Note: QC radiographer to initial relevant box when check completed.
55. Page 54 of 61
9b Mammography Quality Control Checklist: Monthly or less frequently, DR only (2D and DBT)
For tests that should be performed monthly or less frequently
Site: _______________________________________________
MQAP ID: _______________________________________________
Year
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Repeat analysis – enter %
(quarterly)
Image Receptor Homogeneity
(quarterly)
AEC Calibration test
(quarterly)
2D mode
DBT mode
Printer QC (Monthly)
Film digitiser QC (Monthly)
Mechanical inspection
(Monthly)
Compression
(half yearly)
Physicist’s check
(yearly)
Note: QC radiographer to initial relevant box when check completed
56. Page 55 of 61
9c Mammography Quality Control Checklist: Daily or Weekly, CR only
For tests that should be performed daily or weekly
Site:
MQAP ID:
Year: Month:
Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Initials
DAILY
Viewing conditions
Image plate erasure
(Secondary)
WEEKLY
Monitor & view-box
inspection & cleaning
Image Quality Evaluation
Monitor QC
Image plate erasure
(Primary)
57. Page 56 of 61
9d Mammography Quality Control Checklist: Daily or Weekly, DR only (2D and DBT)
For tests that should be performed daily or weekly
Site:
MQAP ID:
Year: Month:
Date 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Initials
DAILY
Viewing conditions
Artefact
evaluation
2D mode
DBT mode
WEEKLY
Detector calibration – Flat
Field Test
Image
Quality
Evaluation
2D mode
DBT mode
Monitor & view-box
inspection & cleaning
Contrast to Noise Ratio
(CNR)
Monitor QC