Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This slide gives you ideas about functional matrix theory revisited by Melvin moss in a series of four articles which he tells the limitations of his first study and how he corrected it . this slide includes Functional matrix theory
Constrains of FMH,Functional matrix theory revisited
Articles,Reference
The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural theory, nasal septum theory, and the functional matrix hypothesis. It provides details on the key concepts and inconsistencies of each theory. The remodeling theory proposed that growth occurs through bone deposition and resorption at surfaces. The sutural theory emphasized the role of sutures and cartilage in driving growth. The nasal septum theory proposed the nasal septum cartilage pushes the midface forward during growth. The functional matrix hypothesis views the skull as comprising functional units that drive skeletal growth.
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.Sneh Kalgotra
The history of edgewise is interesting because of Tweed's decision to support extraction despite keeping his promise to his mentor Angle for 42 years of his professional life.
Functional matrix Hypothesis- RevisitedDr Susna Paul
The document summarizes the functional matrix hypothesis, which proposes that craniofacial bone growth is in response to mechanical stimuli from surrounding soft tissues. It revisits the hypothesis by incorporating recent understandings of mechanotransduction, the connected cellular network of bone cells, and the interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Specifically, it describes how mechanical loads are sensed by bone cells and transmitted through the cellular network to regulate gene expression and bone formation. It presents the original genomic thesis of bone development being controlled by genes alone, the epigenetic antithesis of multiple developmental processes, and a resolution synthesizing both genetic and epigenetic influences.
Influence of Drugs on Orthodontic Tooth MovementMahmoud Shaheen
This document summarizes the effects of various medications on orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses how analgesics like NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and can slow tooth movement. Corticosteroids increase bone resorption and can accelerate movement. Bisphosphonates, fluorides, estrogens, and androgens inhibit osteoclast activity and bone resorption, potentially delaying movement. Thyroid hormones and vitamin D may increase tooth movement by stimulating osteoclasts. Anti-convulsants can induce gingival issues complicating treatment. The conclusion emphasizes the importance for orthodontists to be aware of how medications can influence treatment outcomes and discuss potential complications with patients.
Dr. ABIRAJ K R discusses the evolution of archwires over the last century. Material science advancements have led to new archwire materials with improved properties beyond stainless steel and gold alloys. Key developments include nickel-titanium, beta titanium, and newer thermally-activated alloys that deliver non-linear force through stress-induced structural changes. Proper understanding of an archwire's material properties is important for effective force delivery in orthodontic treatment.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all
aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This slide gives you ideas about functional matrix theory revisited by Melvin moss in a series of four articles which he tells the limitations of his first study and how he corrected it . this slide includes Functional matrix theory
Constrains of FMH,Functional matrix theory revisited
Articles,Reference
The document discusses several theories of craniofacial growth including remodeling theory, genetic theory, sutural theory, nasal septum theory, and the functional matrix hypothesis. It provides details on the key concepts and inconsistencies of each theory. The remodeling theory proposed that growth occurs through bone deposition and resorption at surfaces. The sutural theory emphasized the role of sutures and cartilage in driving growth. The nasal septum theory proposed the nasal septum cartilage pushes the midface forward during growth. The functional matrix hypothesis views the skull as comprising functional units that drive skeletal growth.
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.Sneh Kalgotra
The history of edgewise is interesting because of Tweed's decision to support extraction despite keeping his promise to his mentor Angle for 42 years of his professional life.
Functional matrix Hypothesis- RevisitedDr Susna Paul
The document summarizes the functional matrix hypothesis, which proposes that craniofacial bone growth is in response to mechanical stimuli from surrounding soft tissues. It revisits the hypothesis by incorporating recent understandings of mechanotransduction, the connected cellular network of bone cells, and the interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Specifically, it describes how mechanical loads are sensed by bone cells and transmitted through the cellular network to regulate gene expression and bone formation. It presents the original genomic thesis of bone development being controlled by genes alone, the epigenetic antithesis of multiple developmental processes, and a resolution synthesizing both genetic and epigenetic influences.
Influence of Drugs on Orthodontic Tooth MovementMahmoud Shaheen
This document summarizes the effects of various medications on orthodontic tooth movement. It discusses how analgesics like NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and can slow tooth movement. Corticosteroids increase bone resorption and can accelerate movement. Bisphosphonates, fluorides, estrogens, and androgens inhibit osteoclast activity and bone resorption, potentially delaying movement. Thyroid hormones and vitamin D may increase tooth movement by stimulating osteoclasts. Anti-convulsants can induce gingival issues complicating treatment. The conclusion emphasizes the importance for orthodontists to be aware of how medications can influence treatment outcomes and discuss potential complications with patients.
Dr. ABIRAJ K R discusses the evolution of archwires over the last century. Material science advancements have led to new archwire materials with improved properties beyond stainless steel and gold alloys. Key developments include nickel-titanium, beta titanium, and newer thermally-activated alloys that deliver non-linear force through stress-induced structural changes. Proper understanding of an archwire's material properties is important for effective force delivery in orthodontic treatment.
Headgear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document provides an overview of orthodontic archwire materials. It discusses the history of archwire materials including precious metals, stainless steel, cobalt chromium alloys, and nickel titanium alloys. The basic elastic properties of archwires like stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, and stiffness are explained. Clinical implications of archwire selection including size, shape and fabrication are covered. Recent advancements in braided, twisted, triangular, and non-metallic wires are also summarized.
Physical properties of orthodontic materials /certified fixed orthodontic cou...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the physical properties of orthodontic materials, focusing on metallic materials. It begins by introducing metals and their remarkable properties like conductivity. It then discusses the atomic arrangements in materials and the seven crystal systems. Different crystal structures are described for various metals. The document outlines properties like grains, grain boundaries, annealing, austenite, and martensite as they relate to metallic structures. It also covers mechanical properties such as elasticity, strength, toughness, resilience, and ductility. The physical and structural properties of orthodontic wires are summarized. Requirements for an ideal archwire are listed.
This document discusses the Kesling diagnostic setup, which is a supplemental diagnostic aid involving trimming and repositioning teeth on study casts to simulate various planned tooth movements. It requires well-trimmed study casts, fret saws, modelling wax, and other tools. The procedure involves making horizontal and vertical cuts in the mandibular cast to separate individual teeth, which are then repositioned and held in place with wax. This setup allows visualization of tooth alignment under treatment plans and can help determine anchorage needs, aid in patient motivation, and identify borderline extraction cases.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1) The document discusses smile esthetics in orthodontics, including the anatomy of the smile, ideal smile characteristics, smile classifications, and considerations for macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics in treatment.
2) It describes the key components of the smile, including the lips, teeth, gingiva, and their proportions. Ideal smile characteristics include the smile arc, tooth width-height ratios, spacing, gingival levels, and lip fullness.
3) Smiles are classified based on the involved muscles and tooth display, including posed/social, unposed/enjoyment, and specific patterns involving the commissures or cuspids. Treatment must consider the patient's
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides a history of the evolution of bonding in orthodontics from the 1960s to present day. It discusses key developments such as the introduction of acid etching by Buonocore in the 1950s, the early use of epoxy and composite resins for bonding by Newman and Miura in the 1960s-1970s, the introduction of visible light curing systems in the 1980s, and the development of self-etching primers in the 2000s. Bonding has evolved from using fillings materials to specialized orthodontic bonding resins and primers, and techniques now allow bonding to both dry and wet enamel surfaces.
The document discusses various concepts related to mandibular growth rotations proposed by different orthodontic researchers over time. It begins by introducing Arne Bjork who first described growth rotations in 1955. It then covers Enlow's concept of remodeling and displacement rotations. Bjork's 1969 classification of forward and backward mandibular rotations is described, including his identification of three types of forward and two types of backward rotations based on their center of rotation. The document also discusses concepts by Bjork and Skieller on total, matrix, and intramatrix rotations. Fred Schudy's concept relating rotation to the disharmony between vertical, anteroposterior and horizontal growth is summarized. Finally, Dibbets' re
An occlusal appliance, called a splint, is a removable dental device made of hard acrylic that fits over the biting surfaces of the teeth in one dental arch. It creates precise contact between the opposing teeth and is commonly referred to as a night guard or bite guard. Splints are used to treat conditions like teeth grinding and TMJ disorders by realigning the jaw, reducing stress on the teeth and joints, and improving muscle function. The document discusses different types of splints, how they are made, their intended effects, and theories on how they provide treatment benefits.
Comparison of The Roth prescription,Alexander prescription & MBT prescription...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Theories of cranio facial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the history and evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances, leading to the development of the pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. It describes Lawrence Andrews' research which identified six keys to optimal occlusion based on measurements of untreated dental casts. His studies found that traditional edgewise appliances did not achieve optimal occlusion in most treated cases. This led to the concept of a fully programmed pre-adjusted edgewise appliance that would incorporate his findings on natural tooth morphology and positioning.
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthodontic study models are three-dimensional plaster reproductions of a patient's teeth and surrounding tissues that are used to accurately diagnose and monitor orthodontic treatment. The document outlines the requirements, uses, and proper procedures for fabricating and trimming study models. Key steps include accurately reproducing the dental anatomy, trimming bases and backs at specific angles, and using wax bites and articulators to achieve proper occlusion. Study models provide a permanent record for treatment planning, evaluation, and legal documentation of a patient's orthodontic condition and progress.
This document provides an overview of lingual orthodontics. It discusses the history and evolution of lingual appliance designs. Several popular lingual bracket systems are described, including their key features. Considerations for patient selection, diagnosis, and treatment with lingual appliances are outlined. The document also reviews advantages and disadvantages of lingual orthodontics, as well as changes induced by lingual treatment. Placement of lingual brackets and techniques are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontic tooth movements and biomechanics.Sk Aziz Ikbal
The document discusses biomechanics principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It covers topics such as:
- Forces applied to teeth can cause movement through bone remodeling.
- Biomechanics refers to mechanics applied to biological systems. Knowledge of forces is needed to control orthodontic treatment.
- Teeth can move through light forces during normal function but heavier sustained forces over 1 second are needed for orthodontic tooth movement.
- Forces have magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Resultant forces and moments from multiple applied forces are calculated.
- Different force systems and moment-to-force ratios produce different types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, rotation, and torque.
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. Heredity, health, nutrition, and environment can impact a child's growth and development. Genetics passed down from parents and a child's overall health and nutrition intake influence how quickly they grow.
2. It is important for children to eat a balanced diet with proteins, carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables to provide energy and support growth. They should also get regular exercise, rest, and stay clean to maintain good health.
3. Diseases and disabilities can slow down growth if they affect parts of the body. Family environment and living conditions also influence a child's development.
Headgear /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
This document provides an overview of orthodontic archwire materials. It discusses the history of archwire materials including precious metals, stainless steel, cobalt chromium alloys, and nickel titanium alloys. The basic elastic properties of archwires like stress, strain, modulus of elasticity, and stiffness are explained. Clinical implications of archwire selection including size, shape and fabrication are covered. Recent advancements in braided, twisted, triangular, and non-metallic wires are also summarized.
Physical properties of orthodontic materials /certified fixed orthodontic cou...Indian dental academy
This document discusses the physical properties of orthodontic materials, focusing on metallic materials. It begins by introducing metals and their remarkable properties like conductivity. It then discusses the atomic arrangements in materials and the seven crystal systems. Different crystal structures are described for various metals. The document outlines properties like grains, grain boundaries, annealing, austenite, and martensite as they relate to metallic structures. It also covers mechanical properties such as elasticity, strength, toughness, resilience, and ductility. The physical and structural properties of orthodontic wires are summarized. Requirements for an ideal archwire are listed.
This document discusses the Kesling diagnostic setup, which is a supplemental diagnostic aid involving trimming and repositioning teeth on study casts to simulate various planned tooth movements. It requires well-trimmed study casts, fret saws, modelling wax, and other tools. The procedure involves making horizontal and vertical cuts in the mandibular cast to separate individual teeth, which are then repositioned and held in place with wax. This setup allows visualization of tooth alignment under treatment plans and can help determine anchorage needs, aid in patient motivation, and identify borderline extraction cases.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1) The document discusses smile esthetics in orthodontics, including the anatomy of the smile, ideal smile characteristics, smile classifications, and considerations for macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics in treatment.
2) It describes the key components of the smile, including the lips, teeth, gingiva, and their proportions. Ideal smile characteristics include the smile arc, tooth width-height ratios, spacing, gingival levels, and lip fullness.
3) Smiles are classified based on the involved muscles and tooth display, including posed/social, unposed/enjoyment, and specific patterns involving the commissures or cuspids. Treatment must consider the patient's
Loops in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document provides a history of the evolution of bonding in orthodontics from the 1960s to present day. It discusses key developments such as the introduction of acid etching by Buonocore in the 1950s, the early use of epoxy and composite resins for bonding by Newman and Miura in the 1960s-1970s, the introduction of visible light curing systems in the 1980s, and the development of self-etching primers in the 2000s. Bonding has evolved from using fillings materials to specialized orthodontic bonding resins and primers, and techniques now allow bonding to both dry and wet enamel surfaces.
The document discusses various concepts related to mandibular growth rotations proposed by different orthodontic researchers over time. It begins by introducing Arne Bjork who first described growth rotations in 1955. It then covers Enlow's concept of remodeling and displacement rotations. Bjork's 1969 classification of forward and backward mandibular rotations is described, including his identification of three types of forward and two types of backward rotations based on their center of rotation. The document also discusses concepts by Bjork and Skieller on total, matrix, and intramatrix rotations. Fred Schudy's concept relating rotation to the disharmony between vertical, anteroposterior and horizontal growth is summarized. Finally, Dibbets' re
An occlusal appliance, called a splint, is a removable dental device made of hard acrylic that fits over the biting surfaces of the teeth in one dental arch. It creates precise contact between the opposing teeth and is commonly referred to as a night guard or bite guard. Splints are used to treat conditions like teeth grinding and TMJ disorders by realigning the jaw, reducing stress on the teeth and joints, and improving muscle function. The document discusses different types of splints, how they are made, their intended effects, and theories on how they provide treatment benefits.
Comparison of The Roth prescription,Alexander prescription & MBT prescription...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Theories of cranio facial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The document discusses the history and evolution of fixed orthodontic appliances, leading to the development of the pre-adjusted edgewise appliance. It describes Lawrence Andrews' research which identified six keys to optimal occlusion based on measurements of untreated dental casts. His studies found that traditional edgewise appliances did not achieve optimal occlusion in most treated cases. This led to the concept of a fully programmed pre-adjusted edgewise appliance that would incorporate his findings on natural tooth morphology and positioning.
Roth philosophy /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Orthodontic study models are three-dimensional plaster reproductions of a patient's teeth and surrounding tissues that are used to accurately diagnose and monitor orthodontic treatment. The document outlines the requirements, uses, and proper procedures for fabricating and trimming study models. Key steps include accurately reproducing the dental anatomy, trimming bases and backs at specific angles, and using wax bites and articulators to achieve proper occlusion. Study models provide a permanent record for treatment planning, evaluation, and legal documentation of a patient's orthodontic condition and progress.
This document provides an overview of lingual orthodontics. It discusses the history and evolution of lingual appliance designs. Several popular lingual bracket systems are described, including their key features. Considerations for patient selection, diagnosis, and treatment with lingual appliances are outlined. The document also reviews advantages and disadvantages of lingual orthodontics, as well as changes induced by lingual treatment. Placement of lingual brackets and techniques are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontic tooth movements and biomechanics.Sk Aziz Ikbal
The document discusses biomechanics principles related to orthodontic tooth movement. It covers topics such as:
- Forces applied to teeth can cause movement through bone remodeling.
- Biomechanics refers to mechanics applied to biological systems. Knowledge of forces is needed to control orthodontic treatment.
- Teeth can move through light forces during normal function but heavier sustained forces over 1 second are needed for orthodontic tooth movement.
- Forces have magnitude and direction, while scalars only have magnitude. Resultant forces and moments from multiple applied forces are calculated.
- Different force systems and moment-to-force ratios produce different types of tooth movement such as tipping, translation, rotation, and torque.
Construction of bite for various functional orthodontic appliancesIndian dental academy
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. Heredity, health, nutrition, and environment can impact a child's growth and development. Genetics passed down from parents and a child's overall health and nutrition intake influence how quickly they grow.
2. It is important for children to eat a balanced diet with proteins, carbohydrates, fruits and vegetables to provide energy and support growth. They should also get regular exercise, rest, and stay clean to maintain good health.
3. Diseases and disabilities can slow down growth if they affect parts of the body. Family environment and living conditions also influence a child's development.
Prenatal and postnatal growth & development of maxilla and palate presented b...Dr. Himanshu Gorawat
This document summarizes the prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the maxilla and palate. It discusses how the maxilla develops from the first pharyngeal arch and the palate develops from the palatal shelves and frontonasal process prenatally. Postnatally, it describes how the maxilla and palate grow through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling, which increases their size and changes their shape to accommodate tooth eruption. The midpalatal suture fuses by age 20. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the structural development and growth patterns of the maxilla and palate over prenatal and postnatal periods.
Heredity, genetics, and environmental factors all influence human growth and development. Hereditary factors include characteristics inherited from parents such as race and sex, with boys generally being heavier than girls at birth. Environmental factors encompass prenatal influences as well as postnatal factors like climate, nutrition, family and social surroundings, and emotional state, which can either promote or retard growth and optimal development. Proper nutrition, a stable home environment, and lack of disease or infection are key to allowing a child to reach their growth and developmental potential.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Heredity and environment both play a role in shaping human beings. Heredity refers to biologically inherited characteristics received from parents, influencing physical and behavioral traits. The environment includes prenatal conditions in the womb and postnatal factors like family, society, and culture that one is exposed to. While heredity sets limits, the environment helps reach an individual's potential, as both work together in development.
Basic mechanism of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Maternal nutrition, child nutrition, early sensory stimulation, and adequate nutrient intake throughout the life cycle are key factors that affect child development. Maternal and child malnutrition can lead to developmental delays, poor health outcomes, and increased disease risk for both mother and child. Early sensory stimulation through the five senses is vital for brain development and learning in infants and children. A variety of factors like culture, stress, illness, and sensory deprivation or overload can impact sensory stimulation and development.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Cybernetic theory of craniofacial growth /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Cybernetic theory of craniofacial /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Ind...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
growth and development of prenatal periodshinulaiju123
The document discusses prenatal development and genetics. It covers the key periods of prenatal development including the ovular, embryonic, and fetal periods. It also discusses gametogenesis, fertilization, the zygote, and some of the principle events and development that occur during weeks 14-40 of gestation. The document then covers topics related to genetics including genetic testing methods, patterns of inheritance, causes of congenital disorders like chromosomal and single gene disorders, and some specific genetic disorders.
Maternal nutrition and avoiding drugs and environmental hazards during pregnancy are important factors that can affect development. Adequate weight gain and nutrient intake are needed to support fetal growth. Women at risk of nutritional deficiencies may require counseling. Certain drugs, infections, radiation, and other toxins are teratogens that can cause birth defects, especially during the first trimester of rapid development. Proper breastfeeding and child nutrition are also crucial, as deficiencies in micronutrients like iron, iodine, and vitamins can impair cognitive and behavioral development. Overall nutrition has reciprocal effects between mother and child.
Factors Affecting Growth & Development of childrenJEENA AEJY
Growth and development depends on many genetic and environmental factors. Parental traits like height, head size, and body type are often passed down to children. Environmental factors like nutrition, infections, socioeconomic status, climate, and culture also influence growth. Chronic diseases, injuries, and emotional trauma can negatively impact development. The combination of genetic and environmental influences determines the rate and pattern of a child's growth.
Principles of human growth and developmentAnil Gowda
The document discusses various principles of growth and development from conception to death. It explains that growth and development is a continuous process that follows sequential patterns from general to specific and from the head downward and center of the body outward. Development depends on maturation and learning, proceeding from simple to more complex. While growth rates differ between individuals, development typically shows common characteristics at particular stages, being gradual and orderly but uneven in pace.
Theories & factors affecting growth and developmentAruna Naudasari
Kohlberg's and Fowler's theories of growth and development are discussed. Key points include:
- Growth refers to physical changes in size while development is the progressive increase in skills and abilities.
- Development follows cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns from head to tail and center to periphery.
- Factors like heredity, environment, nutrition, and hormones influence growth and development.
- Physical growth involves changes in height, weight, head circumference, and chest size at different stages.
Factors and forces influencing on curriculum developmentUmair Ashraf
Several factors influence curriculum development in meeting the needs of 21st century learners, including government rules, society, politics, economics, technology, and learner diversity. Valid curriculum development requires awareness of the target community's social, financial, and psychological makeup. Politics affect curriculum through funding, goals, materials, and exams. Economics influences focus on career preparation and national economic returns. Technology is now integral to learning and influences goals and experiences via computers and multimedia. Diversity opens opportunities but requires relevant curricula for varied learners.
The document discusses growth and development in children. It defines growth as a quantitative increase in body size through cell multiplication, while development is the qualitative functional and physiological maturation of an individual. The principles of growth include cephalocaudal development from head to tail, proximodistal development from center to extremities, and general to specific development from broad abilities to fine motor skills. Factors that influence development are genetic, prenatal such as maternal health, and postnatal including nutrition, environment and socioeconomic status. The document outlines assessments of physical growth parameters and developmental milestones.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Factors effecting growth and development /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
This document discusses several theories regarding factors that affect craniofacial growth and development:
1. The sutural dominance theory proposed that sutures are the primary sites of growth, with proliferation of connective tissue between bones driving their separation and growth. However, evidence showed sutures respond to external stimuli and their removal does not significantly impact growth.
2. The cartilaginous theory proposed that growth is controlled by intrinsic factors in cartilage and periosteum.
3. Currently, there is a confluence of the genomic paradigm, which views growth as genetically determined, and the functional paradigm, which emphasizes environmental influences, until a new dominant theory is established.
factors effecting growth & development /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Factors affecting growth and development /certified fixed orthodontic courses...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
1. The document discusses growth and development, including definitions, physiology, factors affecting it, patterns, variability, and timing.
2. Key points include growth being an increase in size while development involves cellular differentiation; physiology involves hormones like HGH and IGF-1; and factors include heredity, nutrition, illness, socioeconomics, and endocrine function.
3. Growth occurs in patterns with the head growing faster early in development while the legs grow faster later. Variability exists between individuals and timing has critical periods and growth spurts.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Growth of cranial vault /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian denta...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Development of cranial vault & base /certified fixed orthodontic courses by I...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Growth & development in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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This document discusses the etiology and classification of malocclusion. It covers several key points:
1. Malocclusion can have both genetic and environmental causes, with hereditary factors playing a strong role. Studies using twins and families show malocclusion to have a polygenic inheritance pattern.
2. Several classification systems for the causes of malocclusion are presented, including those by White and Gardiner, Salzmann, Moyer, Graber, and Proffit. These classify causes as congenital, developmental, acquired, hereditary, and environmental.
3. Environmental factors like habits, trauma, premature tooth loss, and diseases can influence malocclusion. However, hereditary factors have
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth &development of cranial vault & base /fixed orthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Western Michigan University Developmental Psychology Discussion Post.docxwrite22
The document discusses key topics in infant development covered in a developmental psychology course, including motor development, brain growth, sleep patterns, and nutrition. It provides details on important milestones like the disappearance of reflexes between birth and age two. Cultural and environmental factors that can influence domains like motor skills and sleep are also addressed. Synaptic pruning in the first two years helps establish stronger neural connections by reducing unnecessary neurons. While brain development is genetically programmed, the environment can impact it through plasticity during sensitive periods.
The cranial vault 3 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
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This document outlines the agenda for a housekeeping meeting and chapter readings. The meeting will include sign-in, reviewing expectations, recapping the previous week, and reading two chapters. Chapter 2 discusses biological beginnings from an evolutionary perspective including genetics, prenatal development, and birth. Learning goals are to understand how genes and evolution influence development as well as describe the prenatal period and birth process. Chapter 3 will be partially covered discussing biological foundations of development including genes, chromosomes, heredity, and environment interactions that shape development.
1. Human development begins with fertilization and progresses through prenatal development stages including germinal, embryonic and fetal periods.
2. During these periods the major body systems and organs develop from the three primary germ layers as the embryo and fetus grow in the womb.
3. Prenatal development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors like nutrition, stress, maternal age and teratogens which can impact development and potentially cause birth defects or complications.
This presentation is all about how to run a high risk follow up clinic for newborns discharged from a level II/III newborn care unit. It has been prepared mainly based on NNF protocol & AIIMS protocol.
This document discusses guidelines for follow up care of high risk newborns after discharge from the NICU. It outlines the importance of follow up to monitor for growth, development, and health deviations. Criteria for discharge planning are described, including being hemodynamically stable, maintaining temperature, full enteral feeds, parental confidence, and vaccinations. Improving compliance is discussed through informing parents, multi-disciplinary teams, integrating with routine visits, communication, and continuity of care. Risk factors for neurodevelopmental disabilities are outlined. Screenings and assessments recommended before discharge and during follow up include medical exams, neuroimaging, ROP screening, hearing screening, and metabolic screening. Levels of follow up care are assigned based
This chapter discusses physical, motor, and brain development in infants. It covers principles of growth, development of the nervous system and brain, environmental influences on development, sleep patterns, motor skills development, nutrition, and more. Key topics include rapid physical growth in the first two years, cephalocaudal and other growth principles, synaptic pruning, development of reflexes and motor skills, and the importance of nutrition for development.
Similar to Growth&development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
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Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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STUDIES IN SUPPORT OF SPECIAL POPULATIONS: GERIATRICS E7shruti jagirdar
Unit 4: MRA 103T Regulatory affairs
This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
likely to have significant use in the elderly, either because the disease intended
to be treated is characteristically a disease of aging ( e.g., Alzheimer's disease) or
because the population to be treated is known to include substantial numbers of
geriatric patients (e.g., hypertension).
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
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“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
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The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
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Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Growth&development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. FACTORS AFFECTING AND
THEORIES
OF
GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. Factors affecting growth and
development.
VAN LIMBORGHIntrinsic Genetic-Heredity
Local-Muscle, Function,
Neurotrophism
Epigenetic
GeneralHormones,Neural
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. GENETIC FACTORS
Body size,shape,fat deposition,growth
pattern
Male – female growth differences
Advancement of girl over boy
Y
chromosome
Actual outcome = Genetic
potential+Environmental influences.
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10. Methodically crossbred dogs
Inheritance of facial characteristics –
major cause malocclusion.
Dog carry gene for achondroplasia.
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13. Lundstrom(1963) conducted
a study on 100 pair of twins,
half of which were
monozygotic and half were
dizygotic.
Both skeletal and dental
overjets were measured.
More variations in the
dizygotic than monozygotic.
Larger genetic variations for
skeletal pattern than dental
overjet.
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14. Lauweryns et al - concluded that 40% of
the dental and skeletal variations can be
attributed to hereditary factors.
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18. Heritability for - craniofacial growth, high.
- dental growth , low.
Dental variation – influenced by
environment.
Inheritance for mandibular prognathism is
strong.
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19. TERATOGENS
Chemicals & other agents capable of
producing embryological defects if given at
critical time.
Low level – Specific defects
High level – Lethal defects
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25. Function –
1.Primary factor – CF
Growth (MOSS)
2.Absence – distortion of
bone morphology
3.EX – NM disorders,
TMJ ankylosis
4.Malfunction – abnormal
growth
5.EX – Tongue thrust
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. NeurotrophismNervous control of skeletal growth
assumedly by transmission of
substance through axon of nerves
(MOYERS)
Interaction btw nerves & other cells
which initiate or control molecular
modifications in other cells (GUTH)
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30. Neurotrophic control of genetic activity• Interferes – Genomic potential to final
functional differences.
• Protein & specific enzyme synthesis.
•Synthesis of DNA,RNA.
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31. Intra oral & external epithelium growth in
leaps following sensory nerve contact.
Max & Mand hypoplasia – intra oral & intra
nasal sensory deficits.
Nerves – Soft tissue growth &function –
Skeletal growth & morphology.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
32. NEURAL CONTROL
Centre hypothalamus
Keep children on genetically determined
growth curves.
At birth – size to accommodate birth
process.
After birth – destined to become large.
Growth burst – first 2 years.
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33. Children normally grow very rapidly
during the first two years of life.
Between two years of age and the onset
of puberty, children grow slowly. They
begin to grow rapidly again during the
teen years.
- Growth & Weight: -
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48. CLIMATE & SEASONAL CHANGES
HT. Spring then in autumn.
WT. Autumn then in spring.
HT. & teeth eruption more in night.
Fluctuation in hormone release.
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49. SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS –
1. Nutrition.
2. Variation in ht. & wt. ratio.
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50. EXERCISE –
No direct effect on linear growth.
Muscle mass, fitness, general well being.
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51. FAMILY BIRTH ORDER –
First born child weighs less at birth &
higher I.Q.
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54. PARADIGMS
Normal science – research that members
of specific group of scientist recognize as
central to their field. (KUHN 1970)
Theory – assumption based on certain
evidences but lacking scientific proof.
Hypothesis- assumption not proved by
experiment,conclusion drawn before all
facts are established & tentatively
accepted.
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55. Paradigm –
Conceptual scheme that encompasses
individual theories and is accepted by
scientific community as a model and
foundation for further research.
Define relevant data
Scientist can reject wrong paradigms.
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57. Paradigms in craniofacial biology
Craniofacial biology is a study of
growth,function and adaptation,both
phylogenetically and ontogenetically of the
craniofacial skeleton and related structure.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
61. Moss (1981)“Origin ,Growth and Maintenance of all
skeletal tissue and organs are always
secondary,compensatory and obligatory
responses to temporally and operationally
prior events or processes that occur in
specifically related non skeletal tissues ,
organs or functioning spaces(Functional
Matrices).”
www.indiandentalacademy.com
62. CRANIOFACIAL BIOLOGY
Genomic paradigm
- Genetic
predetermination.
- Popular among
clinical orthodontist.
FUNCTIONAL
PARADIGM
- Functional matrix
hypothesis.
- Popular among
scientist &
orthodontics believing
in functions & physical
interrelationship.
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66. Cullman – stress trajectories.
Meyers 1867 publication – bony trabecular
structures were attributed to specific
trajectories of bone.
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68. Wolff – Internal organization of
femur(1870).
+ interstitial bone growth
_ bone resorption- Wegner & Koelliker
(1872)
Form & Function interaction – Wilhelm
Roux(1881)
Roux argued – Functional stimulus
shaped bone.ex:Fibula & Tibia.
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69. 1892 JULIUS WOLFF
Law of bone transformation
“Every change in form & functions of
bones,or of their function alone, is
followed by certain definite changes in
their internal architecture and equally
definite secondary alteration in their
external conformation in accordance with
mathematical laws.”
www.indiandentalacademy.com
80. FUNCTIONAL MATRIX
HYPOTHESIS
1948 – 1951
Studied- Dept. Anatomy,Columbia
university.
Thesis.
The development of vertebrate skullGaven de Beer.
Growth & Form – Thompson
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81. 1951 – 1960
Calvarial sutures extripation-no size
reduction of neural skull.
Sutures are not primary growth sites.
No genetically predetermined boundaries
to calvarial bones.
Work of Vander Klaauw – experimentally
verified & expanded by Moss.
1960- Paper published-Functional
approach to craniological problems.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
82. 1961 – 1971
Orthodontic field introduced to functional
matrix.
Two types not yet arisen.
Cleared: Conference – 1968
Sutural tissues & Cartilages.
Active transformation & passive translation
www.indiandentalacademy.com
84. FMH
Head – Function occurs
Function – FCC
FCC – Functional matrix (Function)
- Skeletal unit (Protect/Support fm)
Growth changes in size,shape,spatial
position are secondary to primary changes
in their specific functional matrices.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
99. FMH – REFLECTIONS IN A
JAUNDICED EYE:JOHNSTON
Not a unitary mechanism.
Physical forces.
Bl. Condylectomy surgery not completed
till OCT.1961 ; Conclusions made in 1962
– Provisional.
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100. Did not specify – capsular growth is
primary/secondary to expanding space.
Initially macroskeletal unit – two or more
adjacent bones,later – set of microskeletal
units.
Genetic control – soft tissue matrix , later
– nervous system.
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101. “All research has no true completion but,
rather is only the beginning of yet another
cycle of work.”
- MELVIN .L.MOSS
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102. References
T.M. Graber – Orthodontics: Principles &
Practice, III Ed.
Proffit – Contemporary Orthodontics, III
Ed.
Moyers – Handbook of Orthodontics, IV
Ed.
Bishara – Textbook of Orthodontics, I Ed..
Tortora – Principles of Anatomy &
Physiology, VIII Ed.
Guyton & Hall – Textbook of Medical
Physiology, IX Ed.
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103. Moss,Primary role of functional matrix in
facial growth – Am J Orthod, 1969 June
(20-31)
Moss,The capsular matrix – Am J
Orthod,1969 Nov :(56)
Moss,Twenty years of functional cranial
analysis Am J Orthod,1981 Oct:(366-75)
Lysle E Johnston Jr – Factors affecting
the growth of the mid face – The
functional matrix hypothesis:The
Reflections in Jaundiced Eye.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
104. David S Carlson – Craniofacial biology a
normal science.
Bone Biodynamics in Orthodontic &
Orthopedic Treatment – David S Carlson
& Steven A Goldstein.
Control Mechanisms in craniofacial
growth – James Mc Namara Jr.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
111. Petrovic et al –
occlusion (maxilla) play imp role as a
regulating mechanism in growth of
condyles.
Stress on local factors
Lateral pterygoid.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
112. Conclusion
Studies add upto our knowledge
By no means conclusive.
May/May not be similar effects in other
mammals,specifically in man.
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113. Reference
Bernabei,R.L. and L.E.Johnston -A cephalometric
investigation of the growth, in situ, of “isolated”
mandibular condyles in adult rats following the
administration of bovine growth hormone. Am.
J. Orthodont. (In press), 1976.
JAMES A. McNAMARA, Jr. - Factors affecting
the growth of midface, C.F.S, 6: 381-391, 1976.
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