The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the maxilla bone. It discusses the structure of the maxilla including its body, processes, surfaces, and the maxillary sinus. It also covers the growth and development of the maxilla from the prenatal period through aging. Key anatomical landmarks, radiographic landmarks, nerves, vessels, and muscle attachments related to the maxilla are described.
The document discusses the development of the face and palate from embryology. It begins with an introduction to embryology and the formation of germ layers. It then covers the development of the five facial primordia around the stomodeum in the fourth week. This includes the frontonasal prominence and paired maxillary and mandibular prominences. It also discusses the formation of the nasal placodes, lips, eyes, and ears from the facial prominences. The document next explains palatogenesis, including the development of the primary and secondary palate from the sixth to twelfth weeks. It concludes with anomalies that can occur during craniofacial development.
Face develops in humans between 4th – 10th week of intrauterine life.
prenatal growth of the maxilla
DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER LIP
Development of lower lip
Development of nose
hare lip
OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT
macrostomia
lateral facial cleft
microstomia
This document discusses orthognathic surgery and facial asymmetry. It begins with an overview of craniofacial growth and diagnosis/treatment planning for orthognathic surgery cases. It then describes various orthognathic surgeries for the mandible and maxilla, including BSSO, VSSO, genioplasty, and Le Fort I osteotomy. The document concludes with a discussion of facial asymmetry causes like hemifacial microsomia and treatment options that may involve orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis, or condylectomy.
Growth and Development of maxilla and nasomaxillary complexRaahat Vikram singh
The document discusses the prenatal growth and development of the maxilla and nasomaxillary complex. It begins with definitions of growth and development. It then describes how the maxilla develops from the frontonasal process and first pharyngeal arch in the 4th week of development. The maxillary processes bud off and fuse with other structures to form parts of the nose, lip, and palate by the 7th week. Ossification of the maxilla begins in the 7th week via intramembranous ossification. Secondary centers appear in the 8th week for other bones. The palate develops from the primary palate formed by 7 weeks and secondary palate that completes the roof of the mouth.
The document provides information on the growth and development of the maxilla. It begins with definitions of growth and development. It then discusses prenatal and postnatal growth of the maxilla, including formation from the first pharyngeal arch and development of related structures like the palate. The document outlines the anatomy of the maxilla including its surfaces, processes, sinuses and articulations. It notes age-related changes and clinical and prosthodontic considerations for treating developmental anomalies and edentulous patients.
Growth and development nasomaxillary complex/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the maxilla bone. It discusses the structure of the maxilla including its body, processes, surfaces, and the maxillary sinus. It also covers the growth and development of the maxilla from the prenatal period through aging. Key anatomical landmarks, radiographic landmarks, nerves, vessels, and muscle attachments related to the maxilla are described.
The document discusses the development of the face and palate from embryology. It begins with an introduction to embryology and the formation of germ layers. It then covers the development of the five facial primordia around the stomodeum in the fourth week. This includes the frontonasal prominence and paired maxillary and mandibular prominences. It also discusses the formation of the nasal placodes, lips, eyes, and ears from the facial prominences. The document next explains palatogenesis, including the development of the primary and secondary palate from the sixth to twelfth weeks. It concludes with anomalies that can occur during craniofacial development.
Face develops in humans between 4th – 10th week of intrauterine life.
prenatal growth of the maxilla
DEVELOPMENT OF UPPER LIP
Development of lower lip
Development of nose
hare lip
OBLIQUE FACIAL CLEFT
macrostomia
lateral facial cleft
microstomia
This document discusses orthognathic surgery and facial asymmetry. It begins with an overview of craniofacial growth and diagnosis/treatment planning for orthognathic surgery cases. It then describes various orthognathic surgeries for the mandible and maxilla, including BSSO, VSSO, genioplasty, and Le Fort I osteotomy. The document concludes with a discussion of facial asymmetry causes like hemifacial microsomia and treatment options that may involve orthognathic surgery, distraction osteogenesis, or condylectomy.
Growth and Development of maxilla and nasomaxillary complexRaahat Vikram singh
The document discusses the prenatal growth and development of the maxilla and nasomaxillary complex. It begins with definitions of growth and development. It then describes how the maxilla develops from the frontonasal process and first pharyngeal arch in the 4th week of development. The maxillary processes bud off and fuse with other structures to form parts of the nose, lip, and palate by the 7th week. Ossification of the maxilla begins in the 7th week via intramembranous ossification. Secondary centers appear in the 8th week for other bones. The palate develops from the primary palate formed by 7 weeks and secondary palate that completes the roof of the mouth.
The document provides information on the growth and development of the maxilla. It begins with definitions of growth and development. It then discusses prenatal and postnatal growth of the maxilla, including formation from the first pharyngeal arch and development of related structures like the palate. The document outlines the anatomy of the maxilla including its surfaces, processes, sinuses and articulations. It notes age-related changes and clinical and prosthodontic considerations for treating developmental anomalies and edentulous patients.
Growth and development nasomaxillary complex/ dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anomalies of the first and second branchial archesDr Medical
https://userupload.net/8n9v7tg9jkl1
Anomalies of the branchial arches are the second most common congenital lesions of the head and neck in children [1]. They may present as cysts, sinus tracts, fistulae or cartilaginous remnants and present with typical clinical and radiological patterns dependent on which arch is involved. The course of a particular branchial anomaly is caudal to the structures derived from the corresponding arch and dorsal to the structures that develop from the following arch. Branchial anomalies are further typed into cysts, sinuses, and fistulas.
The palate develops from several processes between the 6th and 8th weeks of development. Initially, the primary palate forms the floor of the nasal pits from the merging of the median nasal processes. Later, the secondary palate forms through the fusion of the bilateral maxillary processes and medial nasal process. The lateral palatine processes grow medially from the maxillary tissues and fuse together along with the nasal septum to form the hard and soft palates. Clefts of the palate can result from non-fusion of the palatine processes and nasal septum.
Cleft lip and palate is the most common developmental anomaly of the craniofacial region, and they have been depicted throughout in the past civilizations.
diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgeryZeeshan Arif
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery. It covers evaluating patients through medical history, dental exams, radiographs, photographs, and other tests to analyze facial form, dental occlusion, and jaw positioning. Treatment planning involves considering options like orthodontics, jaw surgery, or a combination to address jaw discrepancies or malocclusions. Thorough diagnosis is important for determining the best treatment approach and setting appropriate expectations.
The document discusses the growth and development of the mandible from prenatal through postnatal stages. Prenatally, the mandible develops from mesenchymal condensation in the first branchial arch. Postnatally, the mandible grows primarily through apposition during the first year. After the first year, mandibular growth occurs through remodeling, particularly of the ramus, to position the lower dental arch and accommodate occlusion with the maxilla. Key sites of remodeling include the lingual tuberosity, antegonial notch, and mandibular foramen.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the anatomy and treatment of condylar fractures of the mandible. It describes the anatomy of the condyle and temporomandibular joint. Various types of condylar fractures are defined, including simple, displaced, comminuted, and pathological fractures. Treatment approaches include closed or open reduction, and fixation methods like plating, wiring, and screws. Post-treatment care involves jaw immobilization, exercises to regain motion, and monitoring for complications like malunion, nerve injury, or joint dysfunction.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the development of the maxilla and mandible. It describes the prenatal development which includes embryonic development, palate development, and development of the maxillary sinus for the maxilla. For the mandible, it discusses Meckel's cartilage and endochondral ossification. The postnatal development processes for growth of both bones are also outlined, including sutural growth, alveolar process development, and enlargement of the maxillary sinus. Applied anatomy considerations for various craniofacial deformities are also mentioned.
The document discusses several craniofacial anomalies including craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis occurs when one or more of the fibrous sutures in the skull fuse prematurely, restricting skull growth. It can be primary, due to a defect in ossification, or secondary, due to inadequate brain growth. Primary craniosynostosis affects a single suture and causes specific head shapes like scaphocephaly or brachycephaly, while secondary craniosynostosis involves multiple sutures fusing. Treatment involves surgery to reshape the skull if increased intracranial pressure develops by age 2-4 months.
The document summarizes the growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. It discusses the prenatal embryology and postnatal growth of both structures. During prenatal development, the maxilla and mandibular arches form from the first pharyngeal arch. The palatal shelves then grow and fuse to form the secondary palate. Postnatally, the maxilla grows through displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling, which increases its size and changes its shape.
Prenatal and postnatal growth & development of maxilla and palate presented b...Dr. Himanshu Gorawat
This document summarizes the prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the maxilla and palate. It discusses how the maxilla develops from the first pharyngeal arch and the palate develops from the palatal shelves and frontonasal process prenatally. Postnatally, it describes how the maxilla and palate grow through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling, which increases their size and changes their shape to accommodate tooth eruption. The midpalatal suture fuses by age 20. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the structural development and growth patterns of the maxilla and palate over prenatal and postnatal periods.
This document provides an overview of orthognathic surgery. It discusses the goals of orthognathic surgery which include obtaining normal function and facial harmony. It outlines the process of patient evaluation including history, examinations, investigations and treatment planning. Key parts of clinical evaluation such as frontal, vertical, transverse and profile assessments are described. The benefits of cephalometric analysis and dental model analysis are also summarized. Finally, it reviews various surgical techniques for treating mandibular and maxillary deficiencies and excesses, including osteotomies and distraction osteogenesis.
pre natal &; post-natal growth of maxilla & palate mahesh kumar
This document discusses the prenatal and postnatal development of the maxilla and palate.
During prenatal development, the maxilla forms from the maxillary prominences. The palate develops from the maxillary processes and palatal shelves. The palatal shelves initially grow vertically but then reorient horizontally and fuse in the midline.
Postnatally, the maxilla grows through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling. Displacement includes primary displacement from growth of structures like the maxillary tuberosity, and secondary displacement from growth of structures it is attached to like the cranial base. Growth occurs at sutures connecting the maxilla. Surface remodeling increases the size, shape
The document summarizes the development of the face from the 4th week of embryonic development. It discusses how the frontonasal prominence, maxillary prominences, and mandibular prominences form the basic structures of the face. It describes the development of specific structures like the nose, palate, ears, eyes, lips, and tongue from these prominences. It also discusses the theories of craniofacial growth and the role of the pharyngeal arches, pouches, grooves, and clefts in facial development.
Detailed description of diagnosis and management of maxillofacial and neck space infections. Discussion of anatomy of the spaces is also done in details. Drainage of such spaces are also discussed. Medical management is also discussed. Complications are also discussed.
This document discusses condylar fractures of the mandible. It begins by providing background on condylar fracture development, anatomy, surgical anatomy, blood supply, nerve supply and muscle attachments. It then covers the etiology, associated injuries, mechanisms of injury and various classification systems for condylar fractures. The document outlines the diagnosis process including history, clinical examination and radiographic imaging. It concludes by discussing treatment approaches, focusing on the aims of surgery and indications for conservative versus surgical management.
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located around the nose. This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, development, and pathologies of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the examination and investigations used to evaluate sinus diseases. The major classifications of sinus pathologies discussed are developmental variations, inflammatory/infectious diseases, cysts, tumors, and other surgically relevant conditions. Specific conditions like polyps, sinusitis, and granulomatous diseases are described in more detail.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Anomalies of the first and second branchial archesDr Medical
https://userupload.net/8n9v7tg9jkl1
Anomalies of the branchial arches are the second most common congenital lesions of the head and neck in children [1]. They may present as cysts, sinus tracts, fistulae or cartilaginous remnants and present with typical clinical and radiological patterns dependent on which arch is involved. The course of a particular branchial anomaly is caudal to the structures derived from the corresponding arch and dorsal to the structures that develop from the following arch. Branchial anomalies are further typed into cysts, sinuses, and fistulas.
The palate develops from several processes between the 6th and 8th weeks of development. Initially, the primary palate forms the floor of the nasal pits from the merging of the median nasal processes. Later, the secondary palate forms through the fusion of the bilateral maxillary processes and medial nasal process. The lateral palatine processes grow medially from the maxillary tissues and fuse together along with the nasal septum to form the hard and soft palates. Clefts of the palate can result from non-fusion of the palatine processes and nasal septum.
Cleft lip and palate is the most common developmental anomaly of the craniofacial region, and they have been depicted throughout in the past civilizations.
diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgeryZeeshan Arif
This document discusses diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery. It covers evaluating patients through medical history, dental exams, radiographs, photographs, and other tests to analyze facial form, dental occlusion, and jaw positioning. Treatment planning involves considering options like orthodontics, jaw surgery, or a combination to address jaw discrepancies or malocclusions. Thorough diagnosis is important for determining the best treatment approach and setting appropriate expectations.
The document discusses the growth and development of the mandible from prenatal through postnatal stages. Prenatally, the mandible develops from mesenchymal condensation in the first branchial arch. Postnatally, the mandible grows primarily through apposition during the first year. After the first year, mandibular growth occurs through remodeling, particularly of the ramus, to position the lower dental arch and accommodate occlusion with the maxilla. Key sites of remodeling include the lingual tuberosity, antegonial notch, and mandibular foramen.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the anatomy and treatment of condylar fractures of the mandible. It describes the anatomy of the condyle and temporomandibular joint. Various types of condylar fractures are defined, including simple, displaced, comminuted, and pathological fractures. Treatment approaches include closed or open reduction, and fixation methods like plating, wiring, and screws. Post-treatment care involves jaw immobilization, exercises to regain motion, and monitoring for complications like malunion, nerve injury, or joint dysfunction.
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses the development of the maxilla and mandible. It describes the prenatal development which includes embryonic development, palate development, and development of the maxillary sinus for the maxilla. For the mandible, it discusses Meckel's cartilage and endochondral ossification. The postnatal development processes for growth of both bones are also outlined, including sutural growth, alveolar process development, and enlargement of the maxillary sinus. Applied anatomy considerations for various craniofacial deformities are also mentioned.
The document discusses several craniofacial anomalies including craniosynostosis. Craniosynostosis occurs when one or more of the fibrous sutures in the skull fuse prematurely, restricting skull growth. It can be primary, due to a defect in ossification, or secondary, due to inadequate brain growth. Primary craniosynostosis affects a single suture and causes specific head shapes like scaphocephaly or brachycephaly, while secondary craniosynostosis involves multiple sutures fusing. Treatment involves surgery to reshape the skull if increased intracranial pressure develops by age 2-4 months.
The document summarizes the growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. It discusses the prenatal embryology and postnatal growth of both structures. During prenatal development, the maxilla and mandibular arches form from the first pharyngeal arch. The palatal shelves then grow and fuse to form the secondary palate. Postnatally, the maxilla grows through displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling, which increases its size and changes its shape.
Prenatal and postnatal growth & development of maxilla and palate presented b...Dr. Himanshu Gorawat
This document summarizes the prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the maxilla and palate. It discusses how the maxilla develops from the first pharyngeal arch and the palate develops from the palatal shelves and frontonasal process prenatally. Postnatally, it describes how the maxilla and palate grow through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling, which increases their size and changes their shape to accommodate tooth eruption. The midpalatal suture fuses by age 20. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the structural development and growth patterns of the maxilla and palate over prenatal and postnatal periods.
This document provides an overview of orthognathic surgery. It discusses the goals of orthognathic surgery which include obtaining normal function and facial harmony. It outlines the process of patient evaluation including history, examinations, investigations and treatment planning. Key parts of clinical evaluation such as frontal, vertical, transverse and profile assessments are described. The benefits of cephalometric analysis and dental model analysis are also summarized. Finally, it reviews various surgical techniques for treating mandibular and maxillary deficiencies and excesses, including osteotomies and distraction osteogenesis.
pre natal &; post-natal growth of maxilla & palate mahesh kumar
This document discusses the prenatal and postnatal development of the maxilla and palate.
During prenatal development, the maxilla forms from the maxillary prominences. The palate develops from the maxillary processes and palatal shelves. The palatal shelves initially grow vertically but then reorient horizontally and fuse in the midline.
Postnatally, the maxilla grows through processes like displacement, growth at sutures, and surface remodeling. Displacement includes primary displacement from growth of structures like the maxillary tuberosity, and secondary displacement from growth of structures it is attached to like the cranial base. Growth occurs at sutures connecting the maxilla. Surface remodeling increases the size, shape
The document summarizes the development of the face from the 4th week of embryonic development. It discusses how the frontonasal prominence, maxillary prominences, and mandibular prominences form the basic structures of the face. It describes the development of specific structures like the nose, palate, ears, eyes, lips, and tongue from these prominences. It also discusses the theories of craniofacial growth and the role of the pharyngeal arches, pouches, grooves, and clefts in facial development.
Detailed description of diagnosis and management of maxillofacial and neck space infections. Discussion of anatomy of the spaces is also done in details. Drainage of such spaces are also discussed. Medical management is also discussed. Complications are also discussed.
This document discusses condylar fractures of the mandible. It begins by providing background on condylar fracture development, anatomy, surgical anatomy, blood supply, nerve supply and muscle attachments. It then covers the etiology, associated injuries, mechanisms of injury and various classification systems for condylar fractures. The document outlines the diagnosis process including history, clinical examination and radiographic imaging. It concludes by discussing treatment approaches, focusing on the aims of surgery and indications for conservative versus surgical management.
Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces located around the nose. This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, development, and pathologies of the paranasal sinuses. It describes the examination and investigations used to evaluate sinus diseases. The major classifications of sinus pathologies discussed are developmental variations, inflammatory/infectious diseases, cysts, tumors, and other surgically relevant conditions. Specific conditions like polyps, sinusitis, and granulomatous diseases are described in more detail.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Pre natal and post-natal development of maxilla part 2/certified fixed orthod...Indian dental academy
The document summarizes prenatal and postnatal development of the maxilla. It describes how the palate develops from the primary and secondary palatal shelves between weeks 5-10 of development. The palatal shelves initially grow vertically on either side of the tongue, then reorient horizontally above the tongue where they fuse in the midline. Ossification of the palate begins around week 8 from the maxillae and palatine bones. Postnatally, the maxilla continues growing through processes like sutural growth, surface remodeling, and pneumatization of the maxillary sinuses.
PRENATAL AND POST NATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NASOMAXILLARY COMPLEXB NITIN KUMAR
This document provides an overview of prenatal and postnatal growth and development of the nasomaxillary complex. It discusses the prenatal periods of ovum, embryo, and fetus, and how structures like the palate, orbits, and nasal cavity develop during these periods. Postnatally, it describes growth mechanisms like drift and displacement that affect structures in the nasomaxillary complex like the maxilla, palate, zygomatic bone, and nasal cavity. Primary displacement of the maxillary tuberosity is a major driver of maxillary growth postnatally.
Growth and development of maxilla and mandible/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth and development /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The cranium and maxilla grow through a complex process involving bone deposition, resorption, and remodeling. The cranium consists of the neurocranium (calvaria and cranial base) and facial bones. The calvaria grows through intramembranous ossification of the ectomenix layer surrounding the brain. Growth involves the laying down of new bone tissue on the inner surface and resorption on the outer through the process of cortical drift. The cranial base grows through endochondral ossification, where cartilage is replaced by bone. Multiple sutures and synchondroses allow for the coordinated growth of these cranial structures throughout development.
Growth & development of maxilla and mandibleRajesh Bariker
The document discusses the pre-natal and post-natal growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. It describes how the maxilla forms from embryonic development and ossification centers. It grows through displacement, remodeling at sutures, and increases in height, width and length. The mandible develops from Meckel's cartilage and also grows through remodeling at sites of growth. The palate develops from primary and secondary palatal shelves fusing in the midline. Post-natally, the maxilla grows through apposition at sutures and displacement downward and forward from cranial base growth. The mandible grows through remodeling at sites like the ramus and condyle.
Growth and development of maxilla and maxillary /endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Seminar on prenatal & postnatal development of maxillaDr . Arya S Kumar
This document discusses the prenatal and postnatal development of the maxilla. It begins by defining growth and development, and discussing the importance of understanding craniofacial growth. During the prenatal period, the maxilla develops from the maxillary process of the first branchial arch. Intramembranous ossification begins in the 8th week. The palatal shelves develop and later elevate into a horizontal position to fuse, forming the secondary palate. Postnatally, the maxilla continues growing through processes like cortical drift and growth at sutures. Understanding normal maxillary development is important for comprehending abnormalities.
Growth of maxilla /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Growth of maxilla /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Craniofacial growth is a complex and a beautiful phenomenon.
It all begins when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, a process called fertilization.
Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. The result of this union is the production of a ’Zygote’ cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development
Prenatal growth can be divided into 3 main stages:
Germinal stage: From ovulation to implantation(0-2 weeks).
Embryonic stage : 3rd week to 8th week.
Fetal stage: 9th week till birth.
The maxilla develops through both intramembranous and endochondral ossification prenatally. Around 4 weeks, the maxillary processes develop from the first branchial arches and grow medially to form the lateral walls of the primitive mouth. The palate develops from the maxillary processes, which give rise to the palatal shelves beginning around 6 weeks. The palatal shelves initially grow vertically but then reorient horizontally between 7-8 weeks to fuse in the midline and form the secondary palate by 8.5 weeks.
The document discusses the growth and development of the mandible. It begins with an overview of the prenatal development, including how the mandibular arch forms from the pharyngeal arches and contains Meckel's cartilage. Meckel's cartilage provides a template for the mandible to develop around it through intramembranous ossification beginning in the 7th week of prenatal development. The mandible continues developing and forming after birth through both intramembranous and endochondral ossification.
Growth & development of maxilla & mandible.ppt [autosaved]Priyanka Doshi
This document discusses the growth and development of the maxilla and mandible. It begins by defining growth and development. It then describes the mechanisms of bone growth and the two types of ossification - intramembranous and endochondral. Prenatal growth is divided into the periods of the ovum, embryo and fetus. Details are provided on the prenatal growth of the maxilla, including the development of the palate. Prenatal growth of the mandible and development of Meckel's cartilage are also outlined. The document concludes with descriptions of postnatal growth of the maxilla and mandible through processes like displacement, growth at sutures and surface remodeling.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Surgical embryology in relation to common cranio facial /certified fixed orth...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Prenatal and postnatal development of mandible /certified fixed orthodontic c...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document discusses the growth and development of the maxilla and palate from the pre-organogenesis period through postnatal development. It covers the embryonic development of the pharyngeal arches that form the structures of the face, as well as the ossification and fusion of the palatal shelves during fetal development. Postnatally, the maxilla grows through displacement, suture growth, and surface remodeling, while the palate deepens through alveolar growth. Common developmental anomalies that can occur are also outlined.
Development of face, palate, tongue and mandiblePankajGoyal79
The document discusses the development of the face, palate, and jaws. It begins by defining growth and development. It then covers the embryonic stages of development from zygote to fetus. Key structures that form include the pharyngeal arches, which give rise to muscles and bones. The development of specific structures is then outlined, including the face from the frontonasal and mandibular prominences, palate from the medial nasal processes, and jaws from the mandibular arch. Finally, some common developmental anomalies of these structures are briefly mentioned.
Growth rotations /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
prenatal development of craniofacial region lecture.pptxSakshiThakur417681
The document summarizes prenatal craniofacial development from fertilization through birth in three periods: 1) The period of the ovum lasts 2 weeks and involves cleavage of the ovum and attachment to the uterus. 2) The embryonic period from weeks 2-8 involves formation of the facial prominences and brachial arches that give rise to facial structures. 3) The fetal period involves growth and changes in proportions of structures like relatively greater growth of the mandible. Key structures like the maxilla and palate develop through intramembranous ossification and fusion of palatal shelves. Cleft palate can occur if fusion of the palatal shelves fails.
Similar to Growth and development of maxilla and maxillary sinus/ dental courses (20)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
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Growth and development of maxilla and maxillary sinus/ dental courses
1. GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT OF
MAXILLA AND AIR
SINUS
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing Dental Education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITIONS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
• THEORIES OF GROWTH
• PRENATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAXILLA
• POSTNATAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF MAXILLA
• CONTROL PROCESS AND FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH
• GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AIR SINUS
• ANOMALIES OF MAXILLA AND AIR SINUS
• PROSTHODONTIC CONSIDERATION
• SUMMARY
• REFERENCES
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. INTRODUCTION
• It is essential to study the growth and development of maxilla
and maxillary sinus to diagnose and prosthetic management of
the developmental anomalies of maxilla and maxillary sinus
successfully.
DEFINITIONS OF GROWTH
• Krogman : Increase in the size, change in proportion and
progressive complexity.
• Todd : An increase in size.
• Moyers : Quantitative aspect of biologic development per unit
time.
• In general : Growth is increase in spatial dimensions in weight;
it may be multiplicative (increase in size of cells) or
accretionary (increase in the amount of non-living structural
matter) or auxetic / intersuceptive (increase in the size of cells).
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4. DEFINITIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
• Todd: Development is progress towards maturity.
• Moyers : Development refers to all the naturally
occurring unidirectional changes in the life of an
individual from its existence as a single cell to its
elaboration as a multifunctional unit terminating in
death. Thus, it encompasses the normal sequential
events between fertilization and death.
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5. Theories of Growth
Major theories are:
• Sicher’s hypothesis or sutural dominance theory.
• Scott’s hypothesis/ cartilagenous theory.
• Moss, Functional matrix theory.
• Van Limborgh’s theory.
• Enlow’s expanding V principle.
• Enlow’s counterpart principle.
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6. Growth and Development of Maxilla
Will be considered in 2 periods:
1. Prenatal period (intra uterine).
a. Preembryonic (0-14 days).
b. Embryonic (14-55 days).
c. Foetal (56-270 days).
2. Post natal period (extra uterine).
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9. Embryonic period (From 1-8 weeks)
It is divided into 3 periods:
1. Presomite (8-21 days) :
Germ layers of embryo are
formed in the inner cell
mass.
Germ disc at the end of 2nd
week of
development
16 day presomite embryo
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11. 2. Somite (21-31 days) :
Characterized by the
appearance of prominent
dorsal metameric
segments, the basic
patterns of the main body
and systems and organs
are established.
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12. Late somite period:
During the late somite period (4th
week i.u.) the lateral part
of the mesoderm of the ventral foregut region becomes
segmented to form a series of 5 distinct bilateral
mesenchymal swellings, called as pharyngeal arches.
Pharyngeal clefts: Arches are separated by deep grooves
called pharyngeal clefts.
Pharyngeal pouches: Are outpocketings appearing along
the most cranial part of the foregut.
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16. • Maxilla is formed from 1st
pharyngeal arch.
Prenatal growth of maxilla
• 1st
pharyngeal arch lying lateral to the stomadeum
divided in 2 processes.
– Dorsal process – Maxillary process.
– Ventral process – Mandibular process.
• Maxillary process, extending forward beneath the
region of the eye and subsequently gives rise to the:
– Maxilla,
– Premaxilla,
– Zygomatic bone and part of the temporal bone.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
18. • Stomodeum : At the end of 4th
week, the center of the face
is formed by stomodeum.
• Olfactory placodes: Localized thickenings develop within
the ectoderm of the frontal prominence, just rostral to the
opening of stomodeum. These are olfactory placodes.
• Lateral nasal process: The lateral arm of the horse shoe is
called lateral nasal process.
• Medial nasal process: Is the medial aspect of the horse
shoe.
• Frontonasal process: Between the two nasal processes is
depressed area called frontonasal process.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. Intermaxillary Segment
• As a result of the medial growth of the maxillary
swellings, the two medial nasal swellings merge
not only at the surface but also at the deeper level.
The structures formed by the two merged
swellings are together known as intermaxillary
segment.
• It is comprised of:
– A labial component : forms the philtrum of upper lip.
– Upper jaw component : Which carries 4 incisor teeth.
– Palatal component : Which form the triangular primary
palate.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. Secondary palate
• While the primary palate is derived from
intermaxillary segment, the main part of definitive
palate is formed by fusion of 2 shelf like
outgrowths from the maxillary swellings at 6th
week i.u life.
• They attain horizontal position at 7 week and fuse.
• This part of the palate is a direct extension of the
maxilla from which it develops.
• In the meantime, the nasal septum has merged
with the superior surface of the palate. The two
nasal chambers are now completely
compartmented and both have been closed off
from the oral cavity along the length of the palate.www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. Fetal period
• Fetal period: The beginning from 8th
week until
term.
• Identified by the 1st
appearance of ossification
centre and earliest movement by foetus.
• There is little new tissue differentiation or
organogenesis but there is rapid growth and
expansion of the basic structures already
developed.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. • The growth of maxilla depends on influence of several functional
matrices that act upon different areas of the bone thus allowing
its subdivision into skeletal units:
• The BASAL BODY beneath the INFRAORBITAL NERVE,
later surrounding it to form the infraorbital canal.
• The ORBITAL UNIT responds to the growth of the eyeball
• The NASAL UNIT depends on the SEPTAL CARTILAGE for
its growth.
• The TEETH provide the functional matrix for the ALVEOLAR
UNIT
• The PNEUMATIC UNIT reflects maxillary sinus
expansion,which is more a responder than a determiner of the
skeletal unit.
Postnatal Period
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43. • The overall growth changes are the result of
downward and forward translation of the maxilla
and simultaneous surface remodeling.
• Maxilla is like the platform on wheels being rolled
forward while at the same time, its surface,
represented by the wall in the cartoon, is being
reduced on its anterior surface and built up
posteriorly, moving in space opposite to the
direction of overall growth.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
45. Soft palate
• Ossification does not occur in the most
posterior part of the palate, giving rise to
the region of the soft palate.
• Myogenic mesenchymal tissue of first,
second and fourth branchial arches migrate
into the region supplying musculature of the
soft palate and fauces.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
46. Control process and factors in facial
growth
VAN LIMBORGH’S CLASSIFICATION
Intrinsic genetic factors:Inherent in skeletal tissues
themselves.They exert influence inside the cell to which
they are inherent.
Local Epigenetic factors:Epigenesis includes the sum
total of all biochemical and biophysical events produced
by the functioning of the cells and organs ……Petrovic
General Epigenetic factors
Local environmental factors
General environmental factorswww.indiandentalacademy.com
47. LOCAL
Genetic control originating
from adjacent structure and provide
local actions
Example:Embryonic induction influences
sk. growth Brain,eye
GENERAL
Genetic control originating from distant
structure
and provide general actions
Example: Hormones
EPIGENETIC FACTORS
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48. LOCAL
Non genetic influence evoked by
Stimuli originating from external
environment
Example:habits,forces of
musc.contraction
GENERAL
These are General non
genetic influences
Example:Nutrition,food,oxygen.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
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49. CONTROL MESSENGERS:
Growth control is essentially a localised developmental process
working with local function as it responds to multiple developmental
interplay with other growing parts.
FORCE/PRESSURE/TENSION
BIOPHYSICAL REACTIONS-Bone deformation,compression of
periodontal ligament,tissue injury
PRODUCTION OF FIRST MESSENGERS
Hormones[PTH],Prostaglandins,Neurotransmitters
PRODUCTION OF 2nd
MESSENGERS[Camp,Cgmp,Ca]
INCREASE IN CELLS OF RESORPTION/DEPOSITION
www.indiandentalacademy.com
51. Paranasal Sinuses
• Paranasal sinuses are bilaterally located intraosseous
chambers that are identified by the names of the bones in
which they are located. Hence they are known as:
1. Maxillary
2. Ethmoidal.
3. Frontal.
4. Sphenoidal.
The early paranasal sinuses expand into the cartilage walls
and roof of the nasal fossa by growth of mucous membrane
sacs (primary pneumatization) into the maxillary sphenoidal,
frontal and ethmoid bone. The sinuses enlarge into the bone
(secondary pneumatization) from their initial small
outpocketings always retaining communication with the nasal
fossa through ostia.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
52. • Maxillary sinus: Develops at 10 weeks.
• Sphenoidal sinus. At 4 months i.u.
• Ethmoidal sinus. At 4 months i.u.
• Frontal sinus. 3 to 4 months.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
53. Shape – Pyramid shape
Size of maxillary sinus:
• 32mm CRL of embryo Starts developing
• 50mm CRL of embryo 1mm in diameter
• 160mm CRL of embryo 3.5mm
• 250mm CRL of embryo 7.5mm
Anteroposteriorly Superioinferiorly Mediolaterally
Perinatal period 7-16mm 2-13mm 1-7mm
1 year 15mm 6mm 5.5mm
15 years 31.5mm 19mm 19.5mm
Adult 34mm 33mm 23mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
54. • Microscopic features : lined by
pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium
• Functions:
1. Resonance of voice.
2. Lightening of the skull.
3. Production of bactericidal lyzozyme to the
nasal cavity.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
55. Anomalies of Air Sinus
1. Agenesis.
2. Aplasia.
3. Hypoplasia.
4. Choanal atrisia.
5. Supernumerary maxillary sinus.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
56. Anomalies of Maxilla
1. Epstein’s pearls and Bohn’s nodules
The entrapment of epithelial rests or pearls in the line of fusion
of the palatal shelves may give rise to median palatal rests
cysts.
2. Dental lamina cysts
Epithelial remnants of dental lamina that develop on the crest
of alveolar ridge.
3. Torus palatinus:
4. Oblique facial cleft
Failure of maxillary swelling to merge with its corresponding
lateral nasal swelling results in this deformity.
5. Cleft lip and palatewww.indiandentalacademy.com
57. 6. Down syndrome (Trisomy 21): Flat face, large anterior
frontanelle, open sutures and prognathism, open mouth,
hypermobility, underdevelopment of sex, cardiac
abnormality, macroglossia, enamel hypoplasia.
7. Franschetti (Mandibulo facial dystosis) (treacher collins)
– hypoplasia of malar bones, mandible, macrostomia,
high palate, malformation of external ear, bird like or
fish like nature.
8. Marfan’s syndrome Acrachnodactyly, spidery
fingers, hyper extensivity of joints, bifid uvula, high
arched palate, cardiovascular complications.www.indiandentalacademy.com
58. 9. Cleidocranial dysplasia (Marie/Sainton’s
disease):
Frontenelle remain open, skull is flat and sagittal
suture is sunken, brachycephalic – complete /
partial, high, narrow arch palate, maxilla is
underdeveloped, absence of cellular cementum,
unerupted supernumerary teeth prevalent in
mandibular premolar and incisor, partial
anodontia.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
59. 10. Pierre robin syndrome (bird faces) – Cleft palate,
micrognathia, Glossoptosis.
11. Achondroplasia – Short, trachy cephalic skull, bowed
legs, lumbar lardosis, mandibular prognathism
(retrusion of maxilla).
12. Paget’s disease / ostetis deformans – Predominant in
above 40 yrs of age, bone pain, severe headache,
deafness, slight prediliction to men, progressive
enlargement of skull, waddling gait, maxilla exhibits
progressive enlargement – spacing between the teeth.
13. Crouzon’s / craniofacial dysplasias – Mandibular
prognathism, maxillary hypoplasia, high arched
palate, parrot’s beak like appearance, hypertelorism,
divergent strabismus.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
60. Most common developmental anomaly is cleft
lip and cleft palate
• Cleft lip : Results from abnormal development
of the medial nasal process and maxillary
process.
• Cleft palate: Results from a failure of fusion
of two palatine process.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
62. Classification of Cleft lip
I. Central
– Failure of fusion of two median nasal process.
II. Lateral
- Failure of fusion of maxillary process with medial nasal
process.
III. Complete / incomplete
Complete – Cleft lip extends to the floor of the nose.
Incomplete – Cleft does not extend upto the nostril.
IV. Simple or compound:
Simple : Cleft lip not involving alveolus.
Compound : Involving alveolus.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
64. Classification of Cleft palate
• Veau (1931)
Group I - Cleft of the soft palate only.
Group II – Cleft of hard and soft palate.
Group III – Complete unilateral cleft
extending from uvula to incisive foramen
and then deviates to one side extending
through the alveolus.
Group IV – Complete bilateral alveolar cleft.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
65. Internationally approved classification of cleft lip and cleft palate
A. Group 1: Cleft of the anterior (primary) palate.
a. Lip – Unilateral Rt/Lt – Total or partial
Bilateral
b. Alveolus – Unilateral Rt/Lt – Total or partial
Bilateral
B. Group II – Cleft of anterior and posterior (primary and secondary
palate)
a. Lip : Unilateral Rt/Lt – Total or partial
Bilateral
b. Alveolus : Alveolus – Unilateral Rt/Lt – Total or partial
Bilateral
c. Hard palate : Rt/ Lt Total or Partial.
C. Group III: Clefts of posterior (secondary) palate
• Hard palate Rt/ Lt.
• Soft palate
D. Group IV : Rare facial clefts.www.indiandentalacademy.com
72. Prosthodontic Considerations
If it is decided the surgery will be unsuccessful for the
treatment of cleft soft palate then the first obturator is given at 2
years
• Cleft palate – Feeding plate is given immediately after birth.
Obturator is given later
Obturator
• Prosthesis is required for the patients who have undergone
tumor resection of hard palate and maxillary sinus.
Cleft palate –
• There are 3 types of obturators:
1. Surgical obturator.
2. Interim obturator.
3. Definitive obturator.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
73. 2. Cleft lip – Missing lateral incisors are replaced
with RPD or FPD or Implants.
3. Torus palatinus If Large – surgery
Small – relieve that area
www.indiandentalacademy.com
74. 9. Soft palate cleft – Artificial velum.
10. Oroantral fistula – Protective acrylic
denture or splint after immediate primary
closure to provide a barrier to the
inadvertent entry of food particles.
11. CA maxillary sinus – maxillectomy –
obturator.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
75. Summary
• Maxilla develops from the 1st
pharyngeal arch
during 4th
week of i.u. life. Maxilla gives rise to
maxilla proper, premaxilla, zygomatic bone and
part of temporal bone.
• Growth changes are the result of downward and
forward translation of the maxilla and
simultaneous surface remodelling.
• Among the paranasal sinuses maxillary sinus is
the first sinus to develop at 10 weeks.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
76. References
1. An introduction to human embryology for medical students –
Inderbir Singh, 5th
Edition.
2. Craniofacial embryology – G.H. Sperber, 4th
Edition.
3. Langman’s medical embryology – T.W. Sadler, 5th
Edition.
4. Colour atlas of clinical embryology – Keith L. Moore, T.V.N.
Persaud, 2nd
Edition.
5. Human anatomy, Regional and applied – Head, Neck and
Brain – B.D. Chaurasia, 3rd
Edition.
6. Orban’s oral histology and embryology – S.N. Bhaskar, 11th
Edition.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
77. 7. Oral histology, development, structure and function – A.R. Ten
Cate, 4th
Edition.
8. The essentials of facial growth – Enlow and Hans, 1st
Edition.
9. Contemporary Orthodontics – William R. Proffit.
10. Baily and Love’s - Short practice of surgery, 23rd
Edition.
11. Bouncher’s prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients –
George A. Zarb, Charles L. Bolender, Judson C. Hickey,
Gunnar L. Carlsson, 10th
Edition.
www.indiandentalacademy.com