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The document discusses several key concepts related to circuit-switched digital networks: digital signal processing represents signals as sequences of numbers that can be processed; Integrated Services Digital Network is a set of standards for digital transmission of voice, video, and data over telephone networks; the Internet Protocol Suite defines the protocols used for communication on the Internet; and a modem modulates and demodulates analog carrier signals to encode and decode digital data for transmission.
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ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) allows digital transmission of multiple services like voice calls, faxes, data, and video conferencing over a single digital channel. It works by connecting digital terminals like ISDN modems to an ISDN line, allowing transmission of digital data and services at higher speeds than traditional analog networks. Broadband ISDN provides transmission speeds from 2Mbps to 1Gbps using fiber optics and asynchronous transfer mode switching.
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Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communication standards that allows digital transmission and management of different types of data such as voice, text, and video over either digital or analog network infrastructures. ISDN provides end-to-end digital connectivity to support plain old telephone service (POTS) as well as a variety of data services. It defines several interface standards and protocols to establish and maintain digital communication channels.
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It is one of my semester project presentation along with my group members, of subject Data Communication, which covers a brief intro about all the vital things related to the modems.
ใบความรู้ที่ 2 เรื่อง การเชื่อมต่อระบบอินเตอร์เน็ต
1. Dial-up internet uses analog telephone lines and modems to connect users to ISPs at speeds up to 56 Kbps, while ISDN provides digital telephone lines and ISDN modems for faster speeds up to 128 Kbps.
2. DSL internet delivers faster speeds than dial-up through telephone lines using DSL modems and requires a DSL connection from an internet service provider, while cable internet delivers broadband internet through cable television lines and coaxial cables using cable modems.
3. Satellite internet broadcasts internet signals from satellites in geostationary orbit to receive antennas and modems, providing internet access for remote areas without telephone or cable infrastructure.
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1. Dial-up internet uses analog telephone lines and modems to connect users to ISPs at speeds up to 56 Kbps, while ISDN provides digital telephone lines and ISDN modems for faster speeds up to 128 Kbps.
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2) Key standards like H.320, H.323 and SIP define how audio, video and data are transmitted over different networks like ISDN, IP and cellular. Codecs compress video and audio for efficient transmission.
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The document discusses modems and their functions. It begins with listing group members and an index of topics to be covered. It then defines a modem as a device that modulates and demodulates signals to transmit digital data over analog channels. Modems are classified by transmission speed and examples are given. The document outlines the history of modems and defines types including external, internal, standard, intelligent, short-haul, and wireless. It describes the purpose of modems in converting digital to analog signals for transmission and discusses modem functions like error correction and data compression. Security and references are mentioned at the end.
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A modem is a device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines. It converts digital data from a computer into analog signals to transmit over phone lines, and vice versa when receiving data. A pair of modems is needed for communication - one at each end to convert between analog and digital. There are two main types - external modems are separate devices connected to a computer via serial cable, while internal modems are installed inside the computer using an expansion slot. Both transmit digital data from the computer by modulating it onto an analog carrier signal to send over phone lines, then demodulate the signal back to digital on the receiving end.
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Modems are devices that modulate analog carrier signals to encode digital data for transmission and demodulate carrier signals to decode received data. They are used for data conversion. Modems can be classified based on their range (short haul, voice grade, wide band), the type of line used (dialup, leased), and their operation mode (half duplex, full duplex, simplex). Common types include internal and external modems. Modems work by modulating digital signals onto analog carriers for transmission and demodulating the signals back to digital on the receiving end. Modem speeds have increased significantly over time from 300 bps in the 1960s to 56 kbps in 1998 and up to 8 mbps with technologies like ADS
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This document provides an outline on voice over internet protocol (VoIP) covering topics such as how VoIP works, advantages of VoIP, types of codecs used for converting analog signals to digital data, signaling protocols like H.323 and SIP used for setting up and managing calls, and security considerations in VoIP like the use of SRTP for encryption. The document compares VoIP to traditional PSTN telephone networks and PBX systems, and explains that VoIP uses packet switching over the internet to make phone calls instead of dedicated circuits, allowing for upgrades with only increased bandwidth.
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The document discusses high speed modems, specifically 56K modems. It introduces modems and their function in modulating and demodulating data for transmission. It then discusses the development of 56K modems that could transmit data at speeds up to 56Kbps asymmetrically, uploading at lower speeds than downloading. The working of these modems required pairs to transmit data over analog phone lines, with conversions that could impact speed. Limitations like bandwidth, signal-to-noise ratio, and conversions affected the maximum speeds modems could achieve. For a 56K modem to reach its specified speeds, certain requirements had to be met regarding interference, computer processing power, firmware, ISP equipment compatibility and use of digital lines
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The document provides an overview of videoconferencing basics, including what videoconferencing is, its benefits, how it is being used, common system components, and top manufacturers. It also discusses network connections, protocols, and different types of conferencing such as point-to-point, multipoint, webcasting, web conferencing, and audio conferencing.
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Introduction to modem
Modems enable computers to connect over telephone lines using modulation and demodulation techniques. Early modems in the 1950s operated at speeds up to 300 bps and were used to connect remote terminals to mainframe computers. Through the 1980s and 1990s, modem speeds increased to 14.4 kbps and 56 kbps, allowing individuals to connect to remote systems and the emerging Internet to download software and participate in online discussions. Modern alternatives to analog modems include cable modems, DSL, and fiber optic connections, providing speeds of over 1 Mbps. Cable and DSL use existing coaxial cable and telephone lines respectively but provide higher speeds than traditional modems.
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The document provides an overview of modems, including their history, classification, types, and modulation techniques. It discusses how modems originated to allow teletype machines to connect over phone lines instead of leased lines. It classifies modems based on range, data rate, line type, operation mode, and synchronization. It also describes the differences between internal and external modems and how modulation techniques like AM, QAM, FM, CPM, and PM work to transmit digital data over analog phone lines.
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This document discusses the history and functions of private branch exchanges (PBXs). It begins with an introduction to PBXs, which allow switching of telephone calls within an organization. It then covers the five generations of PBX technology from analog to digital and fiber optic networks. The core functions of a PBX are to provide switched communications within a building and act as an interface to public telephone networks. PBXs can transmit both voice and data and support networking between multiple PBX systems. The advantages of PBXs include flexibility and access to data networks, while disadvantages include limited bandwidth and potential issues if the PBX fails.
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This document outlines a hosted IP setup for a remote office. It shows a remote user connecting to an IP telephony provider over the internet through an ADSL2+, LLU2, or Annex-M line. The connection includes an IP router connected to analog phone ports and IP extensions through a switch.
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Modems convert digital data to analog signals and vice versa, allowing digital devices like computers to communicate over analog networks. Remote access servers (RAS) terminate connections from remote users and prepare data for transmission over packet networks, enabling services like remote access, VoIP, and virtual private networks. However, current RAS equipment has limitations in channel density, power consumption, and processing capability that will reduce their usefulness for newer applications.
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The document discusses various wide area network (WAN) technologies including dial-up, leased lines, integrated services digital network (ISDN), frame relay, asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), digital subscriber line (DSL), cable modem, microwave point-to-point links, and very small aperture terminal (VSAT). It provides details on dial-up, leased lines, and ISDN technologies, describing how they work, their bandwidth capabilities, and components used.
UNIT-1.pdf
The document discusses various digital communication techniques including:
- Elements of a digital communication system such as source encoding, channel encoding, modulation, and demodulation.
- Types of channels for digital communication including telephone channels, optical fiber channels, and satellite channels.
- Key aspects of telephone channels including a bandwidth of 300Hz to 3400Hz and support for transmission rates up to 16.8 kbps. Optical fiber channels use light signals transmitted through fiber optic cables while overcoming noise from photodiodes and amplifiers.
Analog and digital communicaitons
1) The document provides an overview of analog and digital technology, their areas of application, and the process of analog to digital conversion.
2) Analog signals are defined by their amplitude, cycle, and frequency measured in Hertz. They can represent information but are difficult to manipulate. Analog to digital conversion is required for computer processing.
3) Digital technology uses binary digital signals and has advantages like exact reconstruction and faster speeds. It is used in computers, new telephone networks, and digital television. Digital to analog conversion is required to connect digital systems to analog networks.
DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESWSING AND ITS APPLICATION
Digital signal processing (DSP) involves using digital technology to process analog signals. It converts analog signals into digital data that can be manipulated and analyzed. DSP has applications in areas like audio processing, image processing, radar, and mobile phones. The key components of DSP systems are program memory, data memory, a compute engine, and input/output interfaces. DSP emerged in the 1960s and was initially used for applications like radar, sonar, and space exploration. It later expanded into commercial uses with the growth of personal computers and consumer electronics.
Telecommunication, internet and wireless technology
This document discusses telecommunications, the internet, and wireless technology. It defines telecommunications as communicating information electronically and lists its components. It describes analog versus digital signals, wired versus wireless transmission, and types of networks like star, bus, and ring. It also discusses topics such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), electronic commerce, enterprise networking, internetworking, the open systems interconnect (OSI) model, internet service providers (ISPs), the domain name system (DNS), and intranets versus extranets.
Wan technology
WAN is a networking technology that spans large geographical areas like countries or continents. It consists of hosts like computers connected by subnets, which contain transmission lines and switching elements like routers. WAN standards define the physical and data link layers, with organizations providing standards for transmission and protocols like Frame Relay, PPP, and ISDN. ISDN provides an integrated digital service for voice and data over a digital bit pipe between customers and carriers. ATM is a connection-oriented network that originally aimed to merge different services but did not fully replace older technologies.
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GroupCweek11
- 1. How Circuit-Switched Digital Networks Work ・Digital signal processing(DSP) ・Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ・Internet Protocol Suite ・Modem
- 2. Digital signal processing(DSP) Digital signal processing (DSP) is concerned with the representation of signals by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals.
- 3. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network.
- 4. Internet Protocol Suite The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.
- 5. Modem A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.