The document discusses group dynamics and formation. It defines what groups and teams are, explains why groups are formed to fulfill various psychological needs, and outlines the typical stages of group formation from forming to adjourning. It also covers group structure elements like size, norms, cohesiveness and their relationship to group performance and productivity. Key aspects covered include the defining characteristics of groups versus teams, different types of groups and norms, and Tuckman's five stages of group development.
Presentatie Masterthesis Sociaal Ondernemerschap als hefboom voor de zorgver...Jan Jacobs
Vlaams minister van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Gezin Jo Vandeurzen kiest met 'Perspectief 2020” voor een ommezwaai in het beleid. Traditionele voorzieningen veranderen in sociale ondernemingen.
In dit onderzoek: wat zijn de competenties van de sociaal ondernemer in de VAPH-sector, wat is sociaal ondernemerschap en hoe de sector kijkt naar de doelstelling in Perspectiefplan 2020 om sociaal ondernemerschap te stimuleren?
Interesse in mijn onderzoek? Stuur me een bericht, ik deel het graag!
Presentatie Masterthesis Sociaal Ondernemerschap als hefboom voor de zorgver...Jan Jacobs
Vlaams minister van Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Gezin Jo Vandeurzen kiest met 'Perspectief 2020” voor een ommezwaai in het beleid. Traditionele voorzieningen veranderen in sociale ondernemingen.
In dit onderzoek: wat zijn de competenties van de sociaal ondernemer in de VAPH-sector, wat is sociaal ondernemerschap en hoe de sector kijkt naar de doelstelling in Perspectiefplan 2020 om sociaal ondernemerschap te stimuleren?
Interesse in mijn onderzoek? Stuur me een bericht, ik deel het graag!
Een tijdje geleden gaf ik een workshop over groepsdynamica.
In deze presentatie krijg je oa een inleiding in groepsdynamica, soorten groepen verschillende groepsrollen en 10 tips om de groepssfeer te verbeteren!
Veel plezier ermee!
I reccomend psychology IB students to see this presentation.
Hello everyone, here is a presentation of the IB Sociocultural level which breaks down the section to all its components:
Principles
Studies supporting principles
Research methods used in SCLA
Limitations of research methods
How to overcome limitations
Ethical considerations in research methods
Situational and dispositional factors in explaining behaviour
Two errors in attribution
Social Identity Theory
Formation of stereotypes and effect on behaviour
Social Learning Theory
Compliance techniques
Conformity
I hope you like it :D Good luck everyone!
In organizational development(OD), group dynamics or group process‖ refers to the understanding of the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups, that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision.
Everything You Need to Know About Focus Groups4Good.org
What is the difference in conducting focus group research or survey research? Participants in this session will learn how to choose between qualitative research such as focus groups, and quantitative research such as surveys. We will then create a list of the necessary research and administrative tasks for a focus group, and learn some tricks of focus group facilitation.
Talk held in London, 17 May 2016, in Psychology of Agile Scrum group. Hosted by Consol Partners.
http://www.meetup.com/London-Scrum-Meetup/events/229458830/
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION, GROUP COMPOSITION, ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR, GROUP VS TEAM, THEORIES OF GROUP FORMATION, CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS, GROUP COMMUNICATION, STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION, GROUP STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANIZATION, GROUP DECISION MAKING, TECHNIQUES IN GROUP DECISION-MAKING, ORGANIZATION’S STUDY, LIBCORPIO786, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND LEARNING,
"The DNA of Collaboration: Unlocking Insight and Intention in the 21st Century" - summarizing core ideas from the book by Chris Jones @sourcepov (c) 2012 all rights reserved
Een tijdje geleden gaf ik een workshop over groepsdynamica.
In deze presentatie krijg je oa een inleiding in groepsdynamica, soorten groepen verschillende groepsrollen en 10 tips om de groepssfeer te verbeteren!
Veel plezier ermee!
I reccomend psychology IB students to see this presentation.
Hello everyone, here is a presentation of the IB Sociocultural level which breaks down the section to all its components:
Principles
Studies supporting principles
Research methods used in SCLA
Limitations of research methods
How to overcome limitations
Ethical considerations in research methods
Situational and dispositional factors in explaining behaviour
Two errors in attribution
Social Identity Theory
Formation of stereotypes and effect on behaviour
Social Learning Theory
Compliance techniques
Conformity
I hope you like it :D Good luck everyone!
In organizational development(OD), group dynamics or group process‖ refers to the understanding of the behavior of people in groups, such as task groups, that are trying to solve a problem or make a decision.
Everything You Need to Know About Focus Groups4Good.org
What is the difference in conducting focus group research or survey research? Participants in this session will learn how to choose between qualitative research such as focus groups, and quantitative research such as surveys. We will then create a list of the necessary research and administrative tasks for a focus group, and learn some tricks of focus group facilitation.
Talk held in London, 17 May 2016, in Psychology of Agile Scrum group. Hosted by Consol Partners.
http://www.meetup.com/London-Scrum-Meetup/events/229458830/
MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION, GROUP COMPOSITION, ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR, ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR, GROUP VS TEAM, THEORIES OF GROUP FORMATION, CLASSIFICATION OF GROUPS, GROUP COMMUNICATION, STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION, GROUP STRUCTURE OF AN ORGANIZATION, GROUP DECISION MAKING, TECHNIQUES IN GROUP DECISION-MAKING, ORGANIZATION’S STUDY, LIBCORPIO786, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND LEARNING,
"The DNA of Collaboration: Unlocking Insight and Intention in the 21st Century" - summarizing core ideas from the book by Chris Jones @sourcepov (c) 2012 all rights reserved
Facilitation skills by prism philosophyAnubha Walia
PRISM™ is a leading training, consultancy, yoga & wellness organisation spread their arms at an international platform. We discovered anyone can be made passionate about their work / task / job / goals and can be successful by putting your energy and following PRISM™ fundamentals. Based on true experience of Anubha Walia, an International Trainer & Facilitator and Human process Interventionist uncovered 5 simple & easy to follow steps that help you to be successful.
We call it The PRISM™ Philosophy
PREPARE: Win to excel
RESPECT: Exhibit respect and compassion.
IMPLEMENT: Actions orientation
SHARE: Impart ideas, thoughts and experiences
MAINTAIN: Constantly strive and sustain standards
PRISM™ Philosophy is a set of simple and effective tools to help you create the desired environment. It’s not only for Business, Colleges, Students, Professionals, Manager, Leaders, Executive but for all of you.
PRISM Philosophy - Training Consultancy AcademyAnubha Walia
Prism Trainings & Consultancy (www.prismphilosophy.com) INDIA and KENYA focusses on providing exceptionally effective training, facilitation and consultancy services in OD & HR to leading organisation towards a positive transformation and goal-attainment. Est. in 2011, our programs have helped people, organisations and institutes to achieve excellence. contact 919818446562, training@prismphilosophy.com
PRISM™ is a leading Global Training and Coaching (http://prismphilosophy.com/about/) firm helps in increasing performance of the people & organisation strategic goals. We are provider of quality, innovative, and world-class Corporate Trainings, Organisation Development & HR consultancy.
Japanese Culture - HO REN SO - PDCA cycle training is conducted by Anubha. She is training in quality to corporates on TQM, PDCA, Six Sigma, 5S, Culture for last 10 years
www.prismphilosophy.com
919818446562
training@prismphilosophy.com
Anubha is an International Trainer, Facilitator and founder of Prism Trainings and www.prismphilosophy.com
919818446562
training@prismphilosophy.com
You can read her blogs at anubhawalia.wordpress.com
You can invite her for unique Training session
Anubha Walia is an International Trainer and Facilitator and originator of PRISM Philosophy. She is first lady in India who is doing research on FOLLOWERSHIP
www.prismphilosophy.com
919818446562
training@prismphilosophy.com
Content can be used for Team Building and Comuniation program. Please feel free to connect at anubhawalia@gmail.com.
www.prismphilosophy.com
919818446562
training@prismphilosophy.com
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Welcome to the first live UiPath Community Day Dubai! Join us for this unique occasion to meet our local and global UiPath Community and leaders. You will get a full view of the MEA region's automation landscape and the AI Powered automation technology capabilities of UiPath. Also, hosted by our local partners Marc Ellis, you will enjoy a half-day packed with industry insights and automation peers networking.
📕 Curious on our agenda? Wait no more!
10:00 Welcome note - UiPath Community in Dubai
Lovely Sinha, UiPath Community Chapter Leader, UiPath MVPx3, Hyper-automation Consultant, First Abu Dhabi Bank
10:20 A UiPath cross-region MEA overview
Ashraf El Zarka, VP and Managing Director MEA, UiPath
10:35: Customer Success Journey
Deepthi Deepak, Head of Intelligent Automation CoE, First Abu Dhabi Bank
11:15 The UiPath approach to GenAI with our three principles: improve accuracy, supercharge productivity, and automate more
Boris Krumrey, Global VP, Automation Innovation, UiPath
12:15 To discover how Marc Ellis leverages tech-driven solutions in recruitment and managed services.
Brendan Lingam, Director of Sales and Business Development, Marc Ellis
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
zkStudyClub - Reef: Fast Succinct Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Regex ProofsAlex Pruden
This paper presents Reef, a system for generating publicly verifiable succinct non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs that a committed document matches or does not match a regular expression. We describe applications such as proving the strength of passwords, the provenance of email despite redactions, the validity of oblivious DNS queries, and the existence of mutations in DNA. Reef supports the Perl Compatible Regular Expression syntax, including wildcards, alternation, ranges, capture groups, Kleene star, negations, and lookarounds. Reef introduces a new type of automata, Skipping Alternating Finite Automata (SAFA), that skips irrelevant parts of a document when producing proofs without undermining soundness, and instantiates SAFA with a lookup argument. Our experimental evaluation confirms that Reef can generate proofs for documents with 32M characters; the proofs are small and cheap to verify (under a second).
Paper: https://eprint.iacr.org/2023/1886
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
3. 3
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
Why are Groups Dynamic
• Powerful rather than weak
• Active rather than passive
• Fluid rather than static
• Catalytic on account of interdependent social
interaction
Kurt Lewin used the term ‘group dynamics’ to
stress on the powerful impact of these complex
processes on the group members
4. 4
GROUP DYNAMICS
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
• Scientific study of groups in terms of
their
▫ Actions
▫ Processes
▫ Changes that occur at a social level
5. 5
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
NATURE OF GROUP DYNAMICS
• REAL- 2 Levels of analysis ( individual & group)
• PROCESSES are also REAL
• MORE THAN A SUM OF THEIR PARTS
• LIVING SYSTEMS
• INFLUENTIAL
• SHAPE SOCIETY
6. 6
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
WHAT IS A GROUP
• THERE IS A MOTIVATION FOR MEMBERS TO JOIN
• PERCEIVE THE GROUP AS A UNIFIED UNIT OF
INTERACTING PEOPLE
• CONTRIBUTE IN VARYING AMOUNTS TO THE
GROUP PROCESSES
• REACH AGREEMENTS AND HAVE DISAGREEMENTS
THROUGH VARIOUS FORMS OF INTERACTION
• EACH INFLUENCES OR IS INFLUENCED BY EACH
OTHER
• SIZE???
7. 7
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
DEFINITION OF GROUP
• TWO OR MORE INDIVIDUALS
, INTERACTING AND
INTERDEPENDENT, WHO HAVE COME
TOGETHER TO ACHIEVE A PARTICULAR
GOAL/OBJECTIVE.
8. 8
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
TYPES OF GROUPS
• PRIMARY GROUP
• INFORMAL GROUPS- ESTABLISHED BY MEMBERS
• FORMAL GROUPS- FORMED BY ORGANISATION &
INCLUDED IN ORGANISATION CHART: EMERGENT &
PLANNED GROUPS
• COMMAND GROUPS
• TASK GROUPS
• INTEREST GROUPS
• FRIENDSHIP GROUPS
9. 9
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
FORMAL WORK GROUPS-OTHER THAN ORG CHART
• COMMITTEES
• GROUP THINK
• CROSS FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
10. 10
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
DESCRIBING GROUPS based on :
• INTERACTION ( Task or Relationship)
• INTERDEPENDENCE (
sequential, reciprocal or mutual)
• STRUCTURE ( Roles or Norms)
• GOALS
• COHESIVENESS
11. 11
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
Basic Types of Groups & its Characteristics
PRIMARY Small, Families, close friends,
GROUP Long Term, peer groups, gangs
Face to face interaction,
High levels of cohesiveness
and solidarity
Member identification
SECONDARY Larger Congregations,
GROUP Less intimate Work groups, unions ,
More goal focused professional
associations
12. 12
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
BASIC TYPES OF GROUPS & ITS CHARACTERISTICS
PLANNED Deliberately formed by members or by
specific authority
For a specific purpose
CONCOCTED Planned by individuals or authority Production lines,Military units
outside the group
Task force,Sports team
FOUNDED Planned by one or more individuals who Study groups small
remain within the group businesses, Expeditions
Clubs, associations
13. 13
BASIC TYPES OF GROUPS & ITS CHARACTERISTICS gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
EMERGENT Form spontaneously on account of
continuous interaction over time & settings
CIRCUMSTANTIAL Emergent Queues. Audience,
Unplanned that arise when external, bystanders
situational forces set the stage for people to
join together
Often only temporary
SELF ORGANISING Emerge when interacting individuals Study Groups,
gradually align their activities in a cooperative friendship cliques,
system of interdependence patrons in a bar
14. 14
BASIC TYPES OF GROUPS & ITS CHARACTERISTICS gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
Intimacy Small groups of moderate duration & permeability Families, street
Groups Substantial levels of interaction among members who value gangs
membership in the group
Task Groups Work groups in employment settings Teams , RWA
Goal focused groups in non employment settings
Work Aggregation of individuals that form spontaneously Crowds, audiences,
associations Last only for a brief period bystanders
Have permeable boundaries
Social Aggregation of individuals who are similar to one another in terms of Physicians,
gender, ethnicity, religion or nationality Mumbaikars
Categories
15. 15
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
WHAT IS A TEAM
• THERE IS A SELECTION OF MEMBERS
• PERCEIVE THE TEAM AS A UNIFIED UNIT OF
INTERDEPENDENT PEOPLE
• CONTRIBUTE AS PER DEFINED ROLES TO THE
TEAM PERFORMANCE
• POSTPONE DISAGREEMENTS IN THE NAME OF
TEAMSPIRIT
16. 16
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
DEFINITION OF TEAM
• TWO OR MORE INDIVIDUALS
INTERDEPENDENT WHO HAVE BEEN
SELECTED TO ACHIEVE A
PARTICULAR TASK/TARGET
17. 17
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
WHAT IS A TEAM
• SPECIAL KIND OF GROUP-PROBLEM
SOLVING, SPORTS OR EVENT
MANAGEMENT, R& D OR SELF
MANAGED
• EFFECTIVENESS OF TEAM DEPENDS
ON:
1. TRAINING
2. WILLINGNESS TO SHARE INFORMATION
3. AUTHORITY GIVEN
4. REWARD ALLOCATION
18. 18
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
TYPES OF TEAMS AND THEIR DIFFERENCES
TYPE DIFFERENTIA INTEGRATI WORK CYCLE TYPICAL OUTPUTS
TION ON
ADVICE/ LOW LOW VARIABLE: either brief or long Decisions, Selections,
INVOLVEMENT Suggestions,
Recommendations
PRODUCTION/ LOW HIGH REPEATED OR CONTINUOS Manufacturing,
SERVICE PROCESS Processing, retail sales,
customer services, repairs
PROJECT/ HIGH LOW VARIABLE: often one time cycle Plans, designs,
DEVELOPMENT is team’s life span investigations, reports,
ACTION/ HIGH HIGH BRIEF PERF EVENTS, often Competitions,
NEGOTIATION repeated under new conditions matches,expeditions,conc
erns, missions, surgical
operations
19. 19
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
GROUP VERSUS TEAM
• MEMBER TOLD WHAT TO DO • MEMBERS CONTRIBUTE TO ORG
SUCCESS WITH THEIR TALENTS/
RATHER THAN ASKED WHAT KNOWLEDGE/ TEAM
THE BEST APPROACH OBJECTIVES.
WOULD BE. • MEMBERS WORK IN A CLIMATE
OF TRUST, ENCOURAGED TO
• MEMBERS DISTRUST EXPRESS IDEAS, OPINIONS,
MOTIVES OF COLLEAGUES DISAGREEMENTS,FEELINGS
• MEMBERS PRACTISE OPEN &
AS THEY SO NOT HONEST
UNDERSTAND ROLE OF COMMUNICATION.MAKE AN
OTHER MEMBERS. EFFORT TO UNDERSTAND EACH
OTHER’S VIEWPOINT.
EXPRESSING
OPINIONS/DISAGREEMENTS
ARE CONSIDERED DIVISIVE
OR UNSUPPORTIVE.
• MEMBERS CAUTIOUS.
20. 20
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
GROUP VERSUS TEAM
• MEMBERS MAY RECEIVE • MEMBERS ENCOURAGED TO
GOOD TRAINING BUT ARE DEVELOP SKILLS AND APPLY IT
LIMITED IN APPLYING IT TO ON THE JOB.ALSO RECEIVE
THE JOB BY SUPERVISOR OR SUPPORT FROM TEAM.
OTHER GROUP MEMBERS. MEMBERS RECOGNISE
• MEMBERS FIND THEMSELVES CONFLICT AS PART OF
NORMAL INTERACTION &
IN CONFLICT SITUATIONS
VIEW SUCH SITUATIONS AS AN
THAT THEY DO NOT KNOW OPPORTUNITY FOR NEW
HOW TO RESOLVE. IDEAS & CREATIVITY.WORK TO
SUPERVISOR MAY PUT OFF RESOLVE CONFLICT QUICKLY
INTERVENTION UNTIL AND CONSTRUCTIVELY.
SERIOUS DAMAGE IS DONE.
21. 21
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
GROUP VERSUS TEAM
• MEMBERS MAY OR MAY • MEMBERS PARTICIPATE IN
NOT PARTICIPATE IN DECISIONS AFFECTING
DECISIONS AFFECTING THE TEAM BUT UNDERSTAND
TEAM. CONFORMITY LEADERSHIP’S
OFTEN APPEARS MORE PREROGATIVE TO GIVE
IMPORTANT THAN RULING. POSITIVE
POSITIVE RESULTS. RESULTS ,NOT
CONFORMITY ARE THE
GOAL.
22. 22
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
WHY GROUPS GET FORMED
• Biological predisposition to join together with other
members of our species. William McDougall, in his An
Introduction to Social Psychology, 1908, argued that a
"herd instinct" drives us to join others.
• Socio-biology or evolutionary psychology is the modern
instinct view of groups. It stresses the extraordinary
advantages of sociality over isolation.
• Psychological Needs and Sociality- Freud states that being
a member of a group satisfies basic psychological needs
and desires. These could be Self Serving Needs and Group
Serving Needs
23. 23
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
WHY GROUPS GET FORMED
• Group formation in organizations has been analyzed on the
basis of need theories, which are classified as:
• Internal sources of need satisfaction- interpersonal
attraction, group activities, group goals, social
identification, and social affiliation. External sources of need
satisfaction- pursuit of goals outside the group- could even be
counter-productive to the team as well.
• Abraham Maslow's (1962) famous hierarchy of needs includes
ones that are relevant to social living- sense of belongingness
and self-esteem emanate from this. Level 3& 4 needs emerge
from the socialisation perspective
24. 24
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
WHY GROUPS GET FORMED
• SOCIAL NEEDS- Maslow (level 3& 4),Herzberg’s
hygiene; Alderfer’s relationship needs, McClennand’s
nAff & nPow
• SOCIAL PROVISIONS –psychological intimacy and
integrated involvement ( Shaver & Buhreister )
• IPA-SYMLOG (Bales) focusing on socio emotional and
task issue/ by individuals and groups influence in terms
of submission/dominance, positive/negative and
forward/backward linkages
• LAIG (Parsons & Shills)-theory of sequence of actions;
latent pattern maintenance, adaptation, integration and
goal attainment
25. 25
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
WHY GROUPS GET FORMED
• The Instinct of Gregariousness Aristotle's famous quote
suggests that we are, by our vary nature, herd animals:
driven by an unrecognised, pervasive, Alderfer’s ERG –
relationship need emerges from the socialisation process
in groups
• Henry Murray's (1938) manifest needs
approach, classifying needs as physiological and
psychological and focusing on intensity and direction of
these needs.
• Moorehead Griffin identifies security, status, self-
esteem, affiliation, power and goal achievement as reasons
why people join groups.
26. 26
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
STAGES OF GROUP FORMATION
• FORMING-uncertainty, confusion, not sure about
purpose, structure, task & leadership- PROCESS OF
GROUP DEVELOPMENT
• STORMING-characterised by conflict, confrontation
INTRA GROUP
• NORMING- settle for cooperation with high
cohesion, group identity & camaraderie CLOSE
RELATIONSHIP & COHESIVENESS
• PERFORMING-accomplishment of task FUNCTIONAL
PROCESS
• ADJOURNING WRAPPING UP
27. 27
gd 3CR brinda 7/13/2012
Stages of Group Formation
29. Group Structure - Size
Performance
Other conclusions:
• Odd number groups do
better than even.
Group Size • Groups of 7 or 9 perform
better overall than larger
or smaller groups.
31. TYPES OF NORMS
• PRESCRIPTIVE define socially appropriate way to respond
in a situation- normal course of action; Positively
sanctioned behavior
• PROSCRIPTIVE identifies types of action that should be
avoided if possible; Negatively sanctioned behavior
• DESCRIPTIVE define what most people would do, feel, or
think in a particular situation; Consensual standard
• INJUNCTVE sort of behavior people ought to perform ;
evaluative Consensual standard
• SOCIAL NORMS & GROUP NORMS
• INFORMAL ; IMPLICIT
• SELF GENERATING; STABLE