This document provides an overview of groups and teams. It discusses what groups and teams are, the importance of groups, how groups are formed, types of groups, and Tuckman's five stage model of group development. Specifically, it defines a group as people working together to achieve a common task, while defining a team as a small group working together to achieve a specific goal. It outlines various types of groups including formal vs informal, task groups, and cohorts. Lastly, it discusses Tuckman's five stages of group development - forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.

1. ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR
PRESENTATION ON :
GROUPS AND TEAMS
Presented by:
MRINAL GAUTAM
IMBA , 3rd sem.

2. Topics of discussion:
1. What are groups?
2. What are teams?
3. Importance of groups.
4. Group formation.
5. Types of groups.
6. Group development model.

3. 1. What are groups
A group is a collection of people working together to
achieve a common assigned task under certain conditions.
The people in a group are assigned a common goal and
they work together coordinating with each other to achieve
their goals.

4. 2. What are teams?
A team is a small group of people with
complementary skills, working with each
other to achieve a specific, common goal
or objective.
 Teams often are difficult to form.
 It takes time for members to learn
how to work together.
example: INDIAN CRICKET TEAM.
NOTE:
All teams are groups but not all groups are teams.

5. 3. Importance of groups
1. Helps in building effective decisional ground.
2. Helps the management and the organization in
problem solving in uncertain situations.
3. Helps in achieving higher level of productivity.
4. Satisfaction of needs of the individuals.
5. Individuals derive their identities through
membership in groups.

6. 4. How are groups formed
Group formation
Created officially Created unofficially By people from Large groups
for a specific and spontaneously similar formed with the
purpose background aim of learning
from each other
FORMAL INFORMAL COHORT COMMUNITIES
GROUPS GROUPS GROUPS OF PRACTICE
(COP)

7. 5. TYPES OF GROUPS
Types of groups
By size By purpose By tenure By position
Small task group On-time Formal
Large Coalition On-going
Informal
Cohort
Interest
group

8. BY SIZE:
1. Small group- a group consisting minimum of 2-5 members, working
together towards a small task, which is required to be accomplished soon.
A small group
2. Large group- any group with more than 5 or 10 members created to work
towards a more professional task and to accomplish it with all possible efforts,
is a large group
A large group

9. BY PURPOSE:
1. Task groups - includes task forces and planning groups which are
formed for a specific task in hand.
2. Coalition - formed by individuals when they want to protect
their interests in a way that cannot be done by a single individual.
3. Cohort - a group of people who share a similar background,
and have a similar perspective on things.
example: batch-mates, people from same educational background.
A cohort group by the members
at the OXFORD UNIVERSITY.

10. (cont.…)
4. Interest groups - any group formed by people who share a common interest,
is a interest group.
Group of people with
common interest.

11. BY TENURE:
1. on-time - some groups are created only at the time when any specific
task is needed to be accomplished. These are on-time groups. They stop
working after the specified task is completed.
2. On-going -these are those groups that once created, keep on functioning
all the times. They keep on going. They and their actions are involved in
everyday functioning of the organisation.

12. BY POSITION:
1. Formal groups - are created officially for a specific purpose.
A formal group at any
business organisation
2. Informal groups - emerge unofficially and spontaneously.
An informal group formed
spontaneously by some
playmates.

13. 6. How groups develop
The five stage model:
1.
FORM
5. 2.
ADJORN STORM
4. 3.
PERFORM NORM

14. (CONT….)
1. Form -starting with ideas of group goals and objectives. There is
uncertainty and confusion in among the members.
2. Storm - conflict and confrontation in the group due lack of clarity.
3. Norm - development and appreciation of the team and its members.
4. Perform - the group is ready to act and perform on the ground.
5. Adjourn – moving towards the next task, after the completion of the
first one.

15. Questions---
Q1) Which type of group is one that managers
establish to achieve organizational goals in a
condition where there is a conflict in the
organization and all the members are new?
Q2) Do people join and continue in groups
because they want to get benefits out of the
groups?

16. SYNERGY
• When individual work in group, the group
output is greater than the sum of output of
individuals taken together. This is called synergy
which causes process gains.

17. Some common process gains:
• More information
More objective evaluation
Stimulation
Learning

18. Social facilitation
It is a positive, predictable group phenomenon.
 Individuals to perform better in presence of
others.
 Individuals desire to get the attention of other
individuals in the group.
 Get attention by performing better or working
harder.

19. Social compensation
Occurs when some group members work harder
in a group , to cover for the other group
members performance.
Social compensators feel compelled to
contribute to the collective goal in order to make
up for the inadequate contributions of their co-
workers.

20. Social loafing
People in a group often do not work as hard as they
do when they work on their own in presence of other
co -workers.
 Social loafing is most likely to occur where direct
observation or evaluation is not possible and when
the goal and rewards are given on the team basis.
• Identifying and evaluating individuals member’s
contribution
• Enhancing personal involvement with the task
• Recognizing the uniqueness of individual
contributions
• Strengthening group cohesiveness
• Remedies against social
loafing

21. Difference Between Group and Teams
Basis of Teams Groups
Differentiation
Leadership Leadership is One Leader
essentially shared
Interdependence Greater Less interdependence
interdependence
Outcome Collective or joint No collective outcome
work product
Motivation Motivated by purpose Motivated by Leader
of performance
Dependence Collective work Depend heavily on
product individual work

22. Popular Types of Teams
Cross Functional Teams ( CFT)
Objective:-co-ordination and integration of various specialist
discipline and function with in organization
Key Features:-
• Members have expertise in different field
• May are of different Age and values
• Interdependence is more than other type of teams
• Many lead to conflicts among divergent view point which can
generate discussion and thought resulting in new ideas.
• Suitable for creative activity such as new product development

23. Self Directed Work Teams (SDWT)
Objective:- To coup with typical cases of downsizing and delayering.
Key features:-
• Greater degree of member empowerment
• Greater degree of authority is shared, decision making is participative
• The solve problem at the lowest possible level
• The evaluate and challenge their own work
Virtual Teams
Virtual teams are the result of increasing use of technology in group
processes such as communication and decision making
Key features:- The processes are so integrated by technology that the
members can interact and function without always having to meet face-to-
face.

24. THANK YOU