activities

1. Under Supervision of :
Prof Dr/ Abdelsalam Ibrahem - Dr/ Ahmed Ismail Sabry
Ass. Lecturer/ Shimaa M. Abdelgawad
References:
 2512 Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ... - researchgate. (n.d.). Retrieved November 7, 2022, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Asia-Abdullah-
2/publication/355717553_Effect_of_Ammivisnagawater_Extract_Compared_to_Proximol_Halfa_Bar_Extract_in_Treatment_of_induced_Renal_Lithiasis_in_a_Mature_Female_Rabbit/links/617af8473
c987366c3fb5217/Effect-of-Ammivisnagawater-Extract-Compared-to-Proximol-Halfa-Bar-Extract-in-Treatment-of-induced-Renal-Lithiasis-in-a-Mature-Female-Rabbit.pdf.
 Effervescent granules pharmaceutics lab. Pharmacy Infoline. (2022, October 18). Retrieved November 8, 2022, from https://pharmacyinfoline.com/effervescent-granules/.
 Omar, A. R., El-Din, E. Y. S., & Abdelrahman, H. A. (2016, June 27). Implications arising from the use of cymbopogen proximus ; proximal on placenta of pregnant albino rats. Brazilian Archives of
Biology and Technology. Retrieved November 8, 2022, from https://www.scielo.br/j/babt/a/HsDgdTJSDTCGzpKyjGFsGJF.
 Proximol compound effervescent granules. (n.d.). Retrieved November 8, 2022, from https://www.pharmatop1.com/proximol-compound-effervescent-granules.
 TabletWise.com. (2020, September 28). Halfa bar extract - product. tabletwise.net. Retrieved November 8, 2022, from https://www.tabletwise.net/medicine/halfa-bar-extract.
 Urolithiasis updated management guidelines in lower ureters - ejmcm.com. (n.d.). Retrieved November 7, 2022, from https://ejmcm.com/article_15507_e17a3a1de54f01eeddc8ea07d722e965.pdf.
Halfa bar
Latin name : Cymbopogon proximus
Family : Gramineae (poaceae).
Parts used for medicinal purposes:Aerial parts.
Fennel
Latin name: Foeniculum vulgare .
Family: Apiaceae (Umbelliferae).
Parts used for medicinal purposes: dried ripe fruits.
Name and Origin
-We crushed the fresh plants to powder 100gm of halfa and 50gm
of fennel by ratio 2:1
-We make the extract of mixture by
Ethanol extraction method :
Use a mortar and pestle to mash a 150 g sample of dried halfa bar
and fennel seeds (to expose the tighter inner stem).
330 ml of 70% ethanol and the smashed halfa, fennal were
macerated in a beaker, stand for 72 hours at room temperature.
Then evaporate the mixture and the yield of extract was
determined 5 gm. Effervescent granule processing is generally
derived from the acid combination of citric acid tartaric acid.
Sodium bicarbonate is used as the alkali reaction and acts to
neutralize the citric acid and tartaric acid and can produce foam
and liberate carbon dioxide gas and is completely soluble in
ethanol. Also we were used a sucrose to avoid the bitter taste.
effervescent granules were made using a wet-granulation
method. Separated between acidic components and alkalic
components. Effervescent granules are made under special
conditions of 25% relative humidity at 20-25°C . All ingredients
on the formula were sieved with a sieve mesh size 50 and dried
earlier in the lab for 1 hour then weighed according to the
formula.
Calculations:
Active ingredient of the drug = 5gm , citric acid=25.2gm, tartaric
acid= 37.8gm, sucrose= 25.2gm , sodium bicarbonate= 70gm .
our preparation mitte is 160 gm after adding the lose may be
occur by 25%. factor=0.14.
Uses of plant
The main constituents in Cymbopogon proximus:
- Essential oil : piperitone, beta elemol, alpha eudesmol,
beta eudesmol, beta elemene ,terpinolene, shyobunol,
camphene and thymol.
- Sesquiterpenoids: proximadiol.
- Others: saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids,
triterpenes, phenolic glycosides, cardiac glycosides and
steroids.
The main constituents in Foeniculum vulgare :
trans-anethole, 2-pentanone, fenchone and
benzaldehyde-4-methoxy.
Active constituents of plant
 As propulsive for ureteric stones.
 Presence of exess uric acid and urate crystals in urine.
 renal or abdominal spasm.
 To improve body weight.
 Urinary tract infections e.g pyelitis , cyctitis, urethritis.
 Anti infalmmatory.
 Analgesic.
Indication of the product
Dose of the product
Pharmacological uses of halfa bar :
Most kidney stones are predominantly composed of
precipitated calcium salts, the most common of which is
calcium oxalate mono hydrate. Beverages from F.
vulgare and C. proximus to use in urine owing for its
therapeutic potential as preventive agent hindering the
formation calcium oxalate crystals.
Traditional uses of halfa bar :
-diuretic.
-antispasmodic.
- renal colic pain killer.
-removal of small stones from urinary tract.
-antipyretic in fevers.
Procedure of preparation
- Extract of fennel (foeniculum vulgare).
-Extract of halfa bar (cymbopogon proximus). -sucrose
Foeniculum vulgare is a stout, glabrous biennial or perennial,
aromatic herb, with leaves dissected into numerous filiform
segments. The flowers are in large, flat, terminal umbels, with from
thirteen to twenty rays, and destitute both of general and partial
involucres. The corolla consists of five petals, which, as well as the
stamens, are golden yellow.
Cymbopogon proximus:
contain simple, bluish-green leaves with entire margins and are
linear in shape. The blades tend to be 18–36 inches long. the
leaves have parallel venation with strong aromatic odor.
Macroscopical and microscopical features
Plant photos
Content of the product
 Drowsiness
 hypotension
 headache
 dizziness
 if you experience drowsiness, dizziness, hypotension
or a headache as side-effects when using Halfa Bar
Extract medicine then it may not be safe to drive a
vehicle or operate heavy machinery.
Side effects of the products
 Hypersensitivity to active substances and to other plants of
the same family.
 Not recommended during pregnancy.
 No data were found for plant use during lactation.
 No data were found about the plant effect on fertility.
 Impairment of renal or hepatic function.
 The pure essential oil from the fruits of fennel may cause
inflammation and has an irritant action on GIT
 taking fennel might increase the risk of bleeding in people
with bleeding disorders .
 the estrogenic activity of fennel, excessive doses may affect
hormone Therapy and oral contraceptive pill
 The pure essential oil should not be given to infants and
young children without medical supervision owing to the
danger of laryngeal spasm and dyspnea.
Precaution or contraindications of the product
Fayoum university
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmacognosy department
Fayoum University
faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmacognosy department.
Yellow fragments of a wide secretory
canal of Foeniculum vulgare fruit
observed at 400x with Acidified
Chloral Hydrate Glycerol Solution.
2 teaspoonfuls in half glass of water three times
daily after meals.
Students names: Aya mostafa,Amira mahmoud, Eman mahmoud, Fatma abd elallem, Mai farrag,
Omnia hussin, Omnia nady, Rahma nasser, Shimaa ali, Yomna azzem.
a. ,b. and c. different types of
epidermal cellsin surface view.
D. epidermal hairs e. cacium
oxalate crystals f. oil droplets
Scanning electron microscopy of
the epidermis of leaf C. proximus
Photo of prepared Product