Anti cancer plant

1. SADABAHAR(Periwinkle,Catharanthus
roseus)
By-Kisan Kumar
I.I.T ROORKEE(http://www.homeremediess.com/medicinal-
plant-catharanthus-roseus-vinca-benefits-
and-images/)
(Lucid Key Server)

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Phytochemical elements
 Extraction of phytochemical elements
 Challenge
 Mode of action
 Side effects
 Applications
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 Catharanthus roseus (Vinca) also known as the Madagascar periwinkle or rosy periwinkle or Sadabahar is
grown as an ornamental plant in the garden as well as used for medical purpose. The plant is a native of
Madagascar but also found in Australia, South Africa and Asia. In India, it is mostly found in Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka, Gujarat, Odisha, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Division: Magnoliophyta
 Class: Magnoliopsida
 Order: Gentianales
 Family: Apocynaceae
 Genus: Catharanthus
 Species: C. roseus
(http://www.visionlearning.com/)

4. Morphology
Leaf
Bark
www.googleimages.com

5. Phytochemical elements
 Alkaloids
 Monoterpenoid indole alkaloids(MIAs)
 Vinblastine
 Vincristine
 Vinflunine
 Ajmalicine
 Serpentine
 Catharanthine
 Vindoline
 Reserpine

6. Vinflunine Ajmalicine Reserpine
Catharanthine
Vindoline

7. Medicinal Properties
Leaves  Vomitive
 Used in diabetes (Enhanced secretion of insulin)
 Young leaves for stomach cramps
 Alkaloids anti-cancer
 As application to wasp,bee stings
Root  Purgative,vermifuge,depurative,hemostatic
 For dysentery
 Antibacterial,antifungal

8. Medical Properties
Flowers  Extract used for eyewash in infants
 Asthma
International Journal of Life Sciences Biotechnology and Pharma Research Vol. 5, No. 1, June 2016 ,
A Study on Potential Phytopharmaceuticals Assets in Catharanthus roseus Author-Priyanka Tolambiya and Sujata Mathur

9. Vincristine & Vinblastine
Catharanthus roseus –Studied extensively for its remarkable anticancer
constituents i.e.-Vincristine & Vinblastine.
 These two are very powerful anticancerous compounds of terpenoid indole alkaloids. The
productivity of vinblastine and vincristine is very low in plants (0.001-0.0003%) resulting in
their extraordinary high price.This poses a serious challenge to all including
biotechnologists as to improve the yield and to reduce unit cost.
Vincristine – C46H56N4O10, more active,less stable,less used,used in acute
leukemia especially in children.

10. Vincristine & Vinblastine
Vinblastine-C46H58N4O9 ,more used,used for Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder
cancer, brain cancer, melanoma, and testicular cancer.

11. Extraction
Method- 5 kg powdered plant of C. roseus was percolated with methanol (95 %, 10 L × 3) for 1 hour each. The
methanolic extracts were filtered and concentrated at 50 °C in vacuo to 500 ml, diluted with water (200 ml), acidified
with 1 N sulfuric acid (pH 2) and extracted with ethyl acetate (500 ml × 3). The EtOAc extract was discarded out. The
aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 6.4 using NH4OH solution (25 %) and then extracted with methylene chloride
(500 ml × 3). The combined methylene chloride extract was washed with water till free from acidity, dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to give an alkaloidal fraction
(F).
www.mdpi.org/molecules(A Simplified Procedure for Indole Alkaloid Extraction from
Catharanthus roseus)2007, Arvind Verma 1,2,*, Into Laakso 2,*, Tuulikki Seppänen-Laakso 3

12. Mechanism
VINBLASTINE&VINCRISTINE
BINDS TO BETA TUBULIN(drug tubulin complex)
DISRUPTION OF MITOTIC SPINDLE
CHROMOSOMES FAIL TO MOVE APART DURING MITOSIS
METAPHASE ARREST
CELL DIVISION INHIBITED
(http://www.intechopen.com/)

13. Side effects
Loss of white blood cells and blood platelets, Hair loss,high blood pressure
gastrointestinal problems,depression,muscle cramps vertigo and headaches
Vinblastine-Causes birth defects so not used for
pregnants,Bonemarrow damage is a limiting factor
Vincristine-Neurotoxicity is dose limiting
factor causes damage to peripheral NS

14. Therapeutic properties/uses
 Anti diabetic property- The ethanolic extracts of the leaves and flower of C. roseus showed a dose dependent
lowering of blood sugar in comparable to the standard drug gliben clamide. The Hypo glycemic effect has
appeareddue to the result of the increase glucose utilization in the liver.
 Anti bacterial property- Crude extracts from different parts of the plant was tested for anti bacterial activity.
Extract from leaves showed significantly higher efficacy. The anti bacterial activity of the leaf extract of the plant was
checked against micro organism like Pseudomonasaeruginosa NCIM2036, Salmonella typhimuruim NCIM2501,
Staphylococus aureus NCIM5021and was found that the extracts could be used as the prophylactic agent in the
treatment of manyof the disease.
 Anti oxidant property- The anti oxidant potential of the ethanolic extract of the roots of the two varieties of C.
roseus namely rosea (pink flower) and alba (white flower) was obtained.
www.ijpab.com (Catharanthus roseus (An anti-cancerous drug yielding plant)
(2013),Author-Monika sain,Vandana sharma

15. Continued..
 Anti helminthic property- Helminthes infections are the chronic illness, The ethanolic extract was found
to show the significant anti helminthic activity.
 Anti ulcer property- Vincamine and Vindoline alkaloids of the plant showed anti ulcer property.
 Antihypertensive property- Extract of leaves of th plant made significant change in hypotensive.
 Anti diarrheal property-

16. Conclusion
 Catharanthus roseus has been investigated clinically as it is an important medicinal plant with immense
anti cancerous potentiality.
 C.roseus is an amazing chemical factory,producing more than 130 TIAs,some of which exhibit strong
pharmacological activities.
 The plant also possess various properties.Hence most work could be done on the above plant to reveal
the unknown mysteries.

17. THANK YOU !

18. References
 http://www.medicinal2plants.com/2016/02/catharanthus-roseus-sadabahar.html
 http://indiforestry.blogspot.in/2016/02/catharanthus-roseus.html
 https://herbpathy.com/Uses-and-Benefits-of-Catharanthus-Roseus-Cid800
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catharanthus_roseus
 http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/12/7/1307/pdf
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816563/
 https://www.google.co.in/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=vinca%20alkaloids
 http://www.tjprc.org/downloadnewensato.php?file=--1468059469-3.%2520IJMPS%2520-
%2520Vincristine%2520and%2520Vinblastine%2520A%2520Review.pdf
 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0071805
 http://www.homeremediess.com/medicinal-plant-catharanthus-roseus-vinca-benefits-and-images/
 http://www.ijpab.com/
 Journal of Chromatographic Science, Vol. 43,