- The document provides a summary of Estonian history from the earliest settlements over 13,000 years ago to the country's independence in 1991.
- Key events included Estonia being divided between Germany, Denmark, and other countries after the Northern Crusades in the 13th century, and becoming part of the Russian Empire after the Great Northern War in the early 18th century.
- Estonia declared independence in 1918 after World War I but was occupied by the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1991 until independence was restored.
The document provides information about various locations in Estonia, including its capital Tallinn, Kadriorg Palace, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the islands of Saaremaa and Muhu, Kiek-in-de-Kök fortification, the city of Tartu, the Emajõgi River, Toomkirik church, Toompea hill, the Estonian Art Museum, Tallinn Town Hall, the Beit Bella Synagogue, Lahemaa National Park, and the Keila Waterfall. Photographs and sources are provided.
This document provides information about Estonia in response to questions a foreigner may have. It discusses Estonia's history, geography, climate, population demographics, independence, languages, traditions like Midsummer and Christmas, industries like IT, and weekends activities like saunas. The Estonian Institute aims to enlighten people about Estonian culture, cuisine, way of life, and more unusual facts through various publications.
Estonia gained independence in 1918 but was occupied by Russia from 1939-1991. It joined the EU in 2004. The economy has grown steadily, with unemployment decreasing to 4.1% in 2008. Main industries include wood/paper, food, and electronics. Exports include machinery, wood, and metals. The culture was influenced by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia. While 68.6% of the population is ethnically Estonian, 25.7% is Russian. The singing festival has been an important cultural tradition since 1869. Estonia scores medium on power distance and masculinity but low on individualism and medium on uncertainty avoidance.
The document provides information on the culture of Estonia, including its geography, history, politics, lifestyle, music, and religion. It discusses Estonia's landscape which influenced its development. Historically, Estonia was ruled by Germans, Danes, Swedes and Russians and gained independence in 1991. Politically, Estonia is a democratic republic that joined the EU and NATO. The lifestyle section outlines traditional gender roles and festive celebrations. Music has played a significant role in Estonian culture and helped preserve their identity and language over generations.
Estonia is a small country located in Northern Europe that borders Latvia and Russia. It gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and has a population of around 1.3 million people. The capital and largest city of Estonia is Tallinn, which has a well-preserved medieval old town that is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Estonia uses the euro as currency and is a member of both the European Union and NATO.
Estonia is a country in Northern Europe with a population of about 1.3 million people. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. Estonia has a long history of being ruled by other nations but gained independence in 1991. Some of the top tourist destinations in Estonia include the medieval capital of Tallinn, beach towns like Pärnu and Haapsalu, several historic castles, and islands in the Baltic Sea like Saaremaa and Hiiumaa that have small villages and natural attractions.
- The document provides a summary of Estonian history from the earliest settlements over 13,000 years ago to the country's independence in 1991.
- Key events included Estonia being divided between Germany, Denmark, and other countries after the Northern Crusades in the 13th century, and becoming part of the Russian Empire after the Great Northern War in the early 18th century.
- Estonia declared independence in 1918 after World War I but was occupied by the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1991 until independence was restored.
The document provides information about various locations in Estonia, including its capital Tallinn, Kadriorg Palace, Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the islands of Saaremaa and Muhu, Kiek-in-de-Kök fortification, the city of Tartu, the Emajõgi River, Toomkirik church, Toompea hill, the Estonian Art Museum, Tallinn Town Hall, the Beit Bella Synagogue, Lahemaa National Park, and the Keila Waterfall. Photographs and sources are provided.
This document provides information about Estonia in response to questions a foreigner may have. It discusses Estonia's history, geography, climate, population demographics, independence, languages, traditions like Midsummer and Christmas, industries like IT, and weekends activities like saunas. The Estonian Institute aims to enlighten people about Estonian culture, cuisine, way of life, and more unusual facts through various publications.
Estonia gained independence in 1918 but was occupied by Russia from 1939-1991. It joined the EU in 2004. The economy has grown steadily, with unemployment decreasing to 4.1% in 2008. Main industries include wood/paper, food, and electronics. Exports include machinery, wood, and metals. The culture was influenced by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia. While 68.6% of the population is ethnically Estonian, 25.7% is Russian. The singing festival has been an important cultural tradition since 1869. Estonia scores medium on power distance and masculinity but low on individualism and medium on uncertainty avoidance.
The document provides information on the culture of Estonia, including its geography, history, politics, lifestyle, music, and religion. It discusses Estonia's landscape which influenced its development. Historically, Estonia was ruled by Germans, Danes, Swedes and Russians and gained independence in 1991. Politically, Estonia is a democratic republic that joined the EU and NATO. The lifestyle section outlines traditional gender roles and festive celebrations. Music has played a significant role in Estonian culture and helped preserve their identity and language over generations.
Estonia is a small country located in Northern Europe that borders Latvia and Russia. It gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991 and has a population of around 1.3 million people. The capital and largest city of Estonia is Tallinn, which has a well-preserved medieval old town that is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Estonia uses the euro as currency and is a member of both the European Union and NATO.
Estonia is a country in Northern Europe with a population of about 1.3 million people. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. Estonia has a long history of being ruled by other nations but gained independence in 1991. Some of the top tourist destinations in Estonia include the medieval capital of Tallinn, beach towns like Pärnu and Haapsalu, several historic castles, and islands in the Baltic Sea like Saaremaa and Hiiumaa that have small villages and natural attractions.
This document summarizes the history of Estonia from 9000 BC to present day. It notes that the oldest archaeological evidence of human beings in Estonian territory dates back 9000 years BC. From the 13th-14th centuries, a vast settlement of Coastal Swedes formed along the western coast of Estonia. Northern Estonia fell under Swedish power in 1561. In 1802, the university in Tartu resumed activities after being evacuated during a war. From the mid-19th century through the late 19th century was a period of Estonia's "National Awakening" which laid the foundations for Estonian culture. Estonia declared independence in 1918 but was occupied by Germany, then
Hungary is a republic located in Central Europe. It has a single-chamber parliament and is divided into 19 counties. The capital and largest city is Budapest, located along the Danube River, which has a population of 2 million people and is renowned for its cultural and architectural attractions. Hungary has a population of 10.1 million and is known for its thermal baths, lakes, and grasslands in addition to being one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.
Estonia is a short ferry ride from Finland and has open borders with other parts of Europe. It has a stable parliamentary democracy and cultural events year-round. Narva, its third largest city, is located on the border with Russia and has a rich history reflected in its castle and museums. As a multicultural city near the river border, it offers spa treatments, beaches, and diverse cuisine.
The document provides information about Hungary, including its location in Central Europe, neighboring countries, capital of Budapest, population, climate, geographical regions, world heritage sites, highest point, largest river and lake, national parks, flora and fauna, sights in the capital city of Budapest, and notable castles. It also discusses Hungarian folk art, specialties, and famous Hungarians.
The document summarizes key aspects of Estonian amusement and culture from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how Estonia's culture began flourishing in the Era of Awakening from 1860-1880. This led to the founding of the Estonian National Opera society in 1870 and the opening of its grand theatre building, Theatre Estonia, in 1913. The theatre was bombed in 1944 but rebuilt and now produces world-class opera and ballet. The document also briefly outlines the Linnahall concert venue built for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, and notes Estonia's strong theatre culture where students regularly attend performances.
Educational Hungary presentation in English. I has been using this presentation during my EVS in Poland to share interesting facts for Polish students/adults.
- Hungary has a long history dating back to Celtic and Roman periods, and was once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is now a parliamentary republic.
- Natural resources include the largest stalactite cave in Europe and second largest thermal lake. The largest lake is Lake Balaton.
- Famous Hungarians include Ernő Rubik who invented the Rubik's Cube, and Albert Szent-Györgyi who discovered vitamin C.
- Hungary has 19 counties with Budapest as the independent capital. The landscape includes mountains, national parks, and rivers like the Danube and Tisza.
- Most Hungarians are Catholic or Protestant. Traditional cuisine includes goulash and dessert
National heritage and famous people Hungaryskillsforlife
National heritage and famous people Hungary
This document summarizes some of Hungary's notable world heritage sites, people, and inventions. It discusses 8 UNESCO world heritage sites in Hungary ranging from cultural to natural sites, including Budapest, Pécs, Aggtelek Karst caves. Famous Hungarians mentioned include Queen Elisabeth of Hungary, architect Ybl Miklós who designed Andrássy Avenue, and King Matthias Corvinus who brought the Renaissance to Hungary. Inventions from Hungarians highlighted are Vitamin C, the ballpoint pen, Rubik's cube, and more.
National heritage and famous people hungaryFilip Buček
This document provides information about several aspects of Hungarian national heritage and culture, including:
- Seven UNESCO World Heritage sites in Hungary related to culture and nature, including Budapest, Pécs, Hortobágy National Park, and the Caves of Aggtelek Karst.
- Important figures from Hungarian history like Queen Elisabeth of Hungary, architects Miklós Ybl and György Zala, and King Matthias Corvinus who brought the Renaissance to Hungary.
- Cultural sites in Budapest like Andrássy Avenue, Heroes' Square, and the Opera House, as well as the historic wine region of Tokaj and the traditional village of Hollókő
This document provides information about various places and things related to Hungary. It includes brief descriptions of Budapest as the capital and largest city, Lake Balaton as the largest lake in Central Europe, and Ferenc Puskás as a famous Hungarian footballer who scored many goals for Hungary and in Spanish leagues. Visuals are also included showing crown jewels, the Hungarian Parliament building, and other locations around Hungary.
Estonia is a country located in Northern Europe. It has a population of 1.3 million people and its capital and largest city is Tallinn. The official language is Estonian, which is closely related to Finnish. Narva is the third largest city in Estonia, located on the border with Russia. It has a population of 61,076 people and was historically influenced by both Swedish and Russian architecture. Fishing is an important industry in Estonia, with over 1,200 lakes and 7,000 rivers providing habitat for species like pike, trout, bream and others that are popular to catch.
Ukraine is a country located in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 square kilometers, making it the largest wholly European country after Russia. Ukraine borders Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, and Russia. It has coastlines along the Black Sea and Azov Sea in the south. The National Museum of Toys in Kyiv was established in 2005 and has a collection of over 15,000 toys that has been growing for 70 years. The museum has three permanent exhibits that showcase the history and types of Ukrainian toys. Scientists in Ukraine's Academy of Science have made important contributions through discoveries and inventions.
This document provides interesting facts about Ukraine that highlight aspects of its history, culture, and geography. It notes that the world's first constitution was created by a Ukrainian politician in 1710. It also mentions that the heaviest silver coin in the world is a Ukrainian anniversary coin weighing 1000 grams, and that Pablo Picasso was impressed by the works of Ukrainian artist Kateryna Bilokur. Additionally, it states that the deepest subway station and the geographic center of Europe are both located in Ukraine.
Music has long played an important role in Estonian history and culture. Several historic buildings and sites in Tallinn serve as performance venues, including churches like Niguliste Church and Dome Church, known for their excellent acoustics. The Estonian Academy of Music was also established in 1919 to help preserve and develop Estonian music. Tallinn's Old Town and Raekoja Square are popular sites for cultural events and concerts throughout the year.
Croatia is a country located in Central and Southeast Europe. It has a population of over 4 million people who are mostly Roman Catholic. The capital and largest city of Croatia is Zagreb. The village of Velika is located in northern Croatia near the Papuk Mountain range. It has a population of around 2,500 people and its economy is based around agriculture, winemaking and tourism. The local elementary school in Velika has around 350 students enrolled across its main and satellite campuses.
Spain is located in southwestern Europe. It is bordered by France, Andorra, Portugal and the Mediterranean Sea. Spain has a high average altitude of 660 meters and is dominated by a central plateau and mountain ranges. The highest peak is Teide at 3,718 meters, located on the Canary Islands. The longest river is the Ebro, which flows 930 km eastward into the Mediterranean. Spanish is the official language, along with Galician, Basque and Catalan in some regions. Madrid is the capital city. Spain has 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish culture includes famous historical monuments, festivals like Holy Week and Fallas, traditional costumes, and
The Czech Republic has forests with various animals like bears, wolves, and lynx. Traditional folk costumes are rarely worn today except at celebrations. Czech cuisine is high in calories, fat, and sugar consisting of meat, soups, and sides. The Czech currency is the crown and coins are used. The Czech language is spoken by 11 million with stress on the first syllable. Universities provide bachelor's and master's degrees while health care remains under state control. Religious freedom was restored in 1989 with over three-fifths of Czechs affiliated with a religion. Automotive research is strong in the Czech Republic. Housing construction boomed from 1950-1990 consisting of apartments and high-rise buildings. The tallest structures
The document provides a detailed overview of Polish history from ancient times to the present day. Some key points:
- Poland's origins trace back to three Slavic brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus, who separated around 1000 years ago and established settlements that would become Poland, Czechia, and Russia.
- Poland officially became a Christian kingdom in 966 under Mieszko I and the capital was established in Gniezno. The kingdom grew over the following centuries.
- The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth formed in 1569 and became one of the largest and most populous countries in Europe, though it declined due to invasions and internal conflicts.
- Poland was partitioned and
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It was founded in the 13th century and has a population of nearly 2 million people. Some key facts about Warsaw are:
- It is located on the Vistula River in east-central Poland.
- A legend says the city's name comes from the names of a fisherman named Wars who rescued a woman named Sawa who had been turned into a mermaid.
- Major landmarks include the Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union, and the Warsaw Zoo, opened in 1928.
- The city has a robust education system and is a center for the arts and culture in Poland with over 30 theaters and
This document provides information about various locations in Estonia. It describes Tallinn as the capital and oldest city, known for its medieval structures. It mentions Kadriorg Palace, built by Tsar Peter for his empress. It also describes Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the largest Eastern Orthodox church. It discusses the islands of Saaremaa and Muhu which attract tourism. Other locations mentioned include Kiek-in-de-Kök fortification, the city of Tartu, the Emajõgi River, Toomkirik church, Toompea Hill, the Estonian Art Museum, Tallinn Town Hall, the Beit Bella Synagogue, Lahemaa National Park, and
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic located in Northern Europe. It has a population of 1.34 million people and its capital and largest city is Tallinn. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 square kilometers and is divided into 15 counties. The culture has been influenced by Finnish, Baltic, Slavic, Germanic, Swedish and Russian peoples throughout history.
This document summarizes the history of Estonia from 9000 BC to present day. It notes that the oldest archaeological evidence of human beings in Estonian territory dates back 9000 years BC. From the 13th-14th centuries, a vast settlement of Coastal Swedes formed along the western coast of Estonia. Northern Estonia fell under Swedish power in 1561. In 1802, the university in Tartu resumed activities after being evacuated during a war. From the mid-19th century through the late 19th century was a period of Estonia's "National Awakening" which laid the foundations for Estonian culture. Estonia declared independence in 1918 but was occupied by Germany, then
Hungary is a republic located in Central Europe. It has a single-chamber parliament and is divided into 19 counties. The capital and largest city is Budapest, located along the Danube River, which has a population of 2 million people and is renowned for its cultural and architectural attractions. Hungary has a population of 10.1 million and is known for its thermal baths, lakes, and grasslands in addition to being one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.
Estonia is a short ferry ride from Finland and has open borders with other parts of Europe. It has a stable parliamentary democracy and cultural events year-round. Narva, its third largest city, is located on the border with Russia and has a rich history reflected in its castle and museums. As a multicultural city near the river border, it offers spa treatments, beaches, and diverse cuisine.
The document provides information about Hungary, including its location in Central Europe, neighboring countries, capital of Budapest, population, climate, geographical regions, world heritage sites, highest point, largest river and lake, national parks, flora and fauna, sights in the capital city of Budapest, and notable castles. It also discusses Hungarian folk art, specialties, and famous Hungarians.
The document summarizes key aspects of Estonian amusement and culture from the late 19th century to present day. It describes how Estonia's culture began flourishing in the Era of Awakening from 1860-1880. This led to the founding of the Estonian National Opera society in 1870 and the opening of its grand theatre building, Theatre Estonia, in 1913. The theatre was bombed in 1944 but rebuilt and now produces world-class opera and ballet. The document also briefly outlines the Linnahall concert venue built for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, and notes Estonia's strong theatre culture where students regularly attend performances.
Educational Hungary presentation in English. I has been using this presentation during my EVS in Poland to share interesting facts for Polish students/adults.
- Hungary has a long history dating back to Celtic and Roman periods, and was once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It is now a parliamentary republic.
- Natural resources include the largest stalactite cave in Europe and second largest thermal lake. The largest lake is Lake Balaton.
- Famous Hungarians include Ernő Rubik who invented the Rubik's Cube, and Albert Szent-Györgyi who discovered vitamin C.
- Hungary has 19 counties with Budapest as the independent capital. The landscape includes mountains, national parks, and rivers like the Danube and Tisza.
- Most Hungarians are Catholic or Protestant. Traditional cuisine includes goulash and dessert
National heritage and famous people Hungaryskillsforlife
National heritage and famous people Hungary
This document summarizes some of Hungary's notable world heritage sites, people, and inventions. It discusses 8 UNESCO world heritage sites in Hungary ranging from cultural to natural sites, including Budapest, Pécs, Aggtelek Karst caves. Famous Hungarians mentioned include Queen Elisabeth of Hungary, architect Ybl Miklós who designed Andrássy Avenue, and King Matthias Corvinus who brought the Renaissance to Hungary. Inventions from Hungarians highlighted are Vitamin C, the ballpoint pen, Rubik's cube, and more.
National heritage and famous people hungaryFilip Buček
This document provides information about several aspects of Hungarian national heritage and culture, including:
- Seven UNESCO World Heritage sites in Hungary related to culture and nature, including Budapest, Pécs, Hortobágy National Park, and the Caves of Aggtelek Karst.
- Important figures from Hungarian history like Queen Elisabeth of Hungary, architects Miklós Ybl and György Zala, and King Matthias Corvinus who brought the Renaissance to Hungary.
- Cultural sites in Budapest like Andrássy Avenue, Heroes' Square, and the Opera House, as well as the historic wine region of Tokaj and the traditional village of Hollókő
This document provides information about various places and things related to Hungary. It includes brief descriptions of Budapest as the capital and largest city, Lake Balaton as the largest lake in Central Europe, and Ferenc Puskás as a famous Hungarian footballer who scored many goals for Hungary and in Spanish leagues. Visuals are also included showing crown jewels, the Hungarian Parliament building, and other locations around Hungary.
Estonia is a country located in Northern Europe. It has a population of 1.3 million people and its capital and largest city is Tallinn. The official language is Estonian, which is closely related to Finnish. Narva is the third largest city in Estonia, located on the border with Russia. It has a population of 61,076 people and was historically influenced by both Swedish and Russian architecture. Fishing is an important industry in Estonia, with over 1,200 lakes and 7,000 rivers providing habitat for species like pike, trout, bream and others that are popular to catch.
Ukraine is a country located in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 square kilometers, making it the largest wholly European country after Russia. Ukraine borders Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Moldova, and Russia. It has coastlines along the Black Sea and Azov Sea in the south. The National Museum of Toys in Kyiv was established in 2005 and has a collection of over 15,000 toys that has been growing for 70 years. The museum has three permanent exhibits that showcase the history and types of Ukrainian toys. Scientists in Ukraine's Academy of Science have made important contributions through discoveries and inventions.
This document provides interesting facts about Ukraine that highlight aspects of its history, culture, and geography. It notes that the world's first constitution was created by a Ukrainian politician in 1710. It also mentions that the heaviest silver coin in the world is a Ukrainian anniversary coin weighing 1000 grams, and that Pablo Picasso was impressed by the works of Ukrainian artist Kateryna Bilokur. Additionally, it states that the deepest subway station and the geographic center of Europe are both located in Ukraine.
Music has long played an important role in Estonian history and culture. Several historic buildings and sites in Tallinn serve as performance venues, including churches like Niguliste Church and Dome Church, known for their excellent acoustics. The Estonian Academy of Music was also established in 1919 to help preserve and develop Estonian music. Tallinn's Old Town and Raekoja Square are popular sites for cultural events and concerts throughout the year.
Croatia is a country located in Central and Southeast Europe. It has a population of over 4 million people who are mostly Roman Catholic. The capital and largest city of Croatia is Zagreb. The village of Velika is located in northern Croatia near the Papuk Mountain range. It has a population of around 2,500 people and its economy is based around agriculture, winemaking and tourism. The local elementary school in Velika has around 350 students enrolled across its main and satellite campuses.
Spain is located in southwestern Europe. It is bordered by France, Andorra, Portugal and the Mediterranean Sea. Spain has a high average altitude of 660 meters and is dominated by a central plateau and mountain ranges. The highest peak is Teide at 3,718 meters, located on the Canary Islands. The longest river is the Ebro, which flows 930 km eastward into the Mediterranean. Spanish is the official language, along with Galician, Basque and Catalan in some regions. Madrid is the capital city. Spain has 17 autonomous communities and 2 autonomous cities, Ceuta and Melilla. Spanish culture includes famous historical monuments, festivals like Holy Week and Fallas, traditional costumes, and
The Czech Republic has forests with various animals like bears, wolves, and lynx. Traditional folk costumes are rarely worn today except at celebrations. Czech cuisine is high in calories, fat, and sugar consisting of meat, soups, and sides. The Czech currency is the crown and coins are used. The Czech language is spoken by 11 million with stress on the first syllable. Universities provide bachelor's and master's degrees while health care remains under state control. Religious freedom was restored in 1989 with over three-fifths of Czechs affiliated with a religion. Automotive research is strong in the Czech Republic. Housing construction boomed from 1950-1990 consisting of apartments and high-rise buildings. The tallest structures
The document provides a detailed overview of Polish history from ancient times to the present day. Some key points:
- Poland's origins trace back to three Slavic brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus, who separated around 1000 years ago and established settlements that would become Poland, Czechia, and Russia.
- Poland officially became a Christian kingdom in 966 under Mieszko I and the capital was established in Gniezno. The kingdom grew over the following centuries.
- The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth formed in 1569 and became one of the largest and most populous countries in Europe, though it declined due to invasions and internal conflicts.
- Poland was partitioned and
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It was founded in the 13th century and has a population of nearly 2 million people. Some key facts about Warsaw are:
- It is located on the Vistula River in east-central Poland.
- A legend says the city's name comes from the names of a fisherman named Wars who rescued a woman named Sawa who had been turned into a mermaid.
- Major landmarks include the Palace of Culture and Science, a gift from the Soviet Union, and the Warsaw Zoo, opened in 1928.
- The city has a robust education system and is a center for the arts and culture in Poland with over 30 theaters and
This document provides information about various locations in Estonia. It describes Tallinn as the capital and oldest city, known for its medieval structures. It mentions Kadriorg Palace, built by Tsar Peter for his empress. It also describes Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, the largest Eastern Orthodox church. It discusses the islands of Saaremaa and Muhu which attract tourism. Other locations mentioned include Kiek-in-de-Kök fortification, the city of Tartu, the Emajõgi River, Toomkirik church, Toompea Hill, the Estonian Art Museum, Tallinn Town Hall, the Beit Bella Synagogue, Lahemaa National Park, and
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic located in Northern Europe. It has a population of 1.34 million people and its capital and largest city is Tallinn. The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 square kilometers and is divided into 15 counties. The culture has been influenced by Finnish, Baltic, Slavic, Germanic, Swedish and Russian peoples throughout history.
Estonia es un país situado en la costa este del Mar Báltico en Europa del Norte. La capital y ciudad más grande es Tallin. Algunos de los monumentos más importantes son el Castillo de Toompea, la Catedral de Alejandro Nevski y el Palacio Kadriorg. Estonia forma parte de la Unión Europea y utiliza el euro como moneda. La bandera de Estonia contiene los colores azul, negro y blanco.
Estonia se encuentra en el norte de Europa, limitando con el mar Báltico, Rusia y Letonia. Su clima es frío, con temperaturas de -3 a -7°C en invierno y 16 a 20°C en verano. El terreno es llano y bajo, con una elevación media de 50 m. Los ríos siguen un régimen pluvial debido al clima atlántico continental. El presidente es elegido cada cinco años por el parlamento para un máximo de dos periodos. Estonia tiene una población de 1,3 millones de habit
Estonia es un país ubicado en Europa del Norte que limita con el Mar Báltico. Su capital y ciudad más grande es Tallin, conocida por su Plaza del Ayuntamiento, Castillo de Toompea y Catedral de Alejandro Nevski. Otras ciudades importantes incluyen Tartu, conocida por su Estatua de los Amantes, y Pärnu, conocida por su Torre Roja. Estonia es una república parlamentaria independiente desde 1992, con una economía basada en la pesca, silvicultura y manufactura. La cultura estonia se refleja
Estonia Country PowerPoint Presentation ContentAndrew Schwartz
40 slides include: 17 Points on General Information, 10 Points on Family Life, 27 Points on Food, 16 Points Food Etiquette, 16 Points on Social Etiquette, 15 Points on Business Etiquette, and 26 Points on Trivia.
The national flower of Estonia is the cornflower, which has grown in the country's soil for over 10,000 years. The national bird is the barn swallow, whose call can be heard from barns across the country. Estonia has a population of around 1.3 million people, with its capital and largest city being Tallinn. The country uses the Euro as currency and speaks Estonian as the primary language, where "tere" means hello. Forests cover 46.4% of Estonia's land and it has the cleanest air in the world according to WHO rankings.
2012 October Estonia presentation for LublinMarika Sarapuu
Estonia is a small country in Northern Europe that was occupied by the Soviet Union from 1939 to 1991 but regained its independence in 1991. It has a population of 1.3 million people and its capital and largest city is Tallinn. Estonia has a parliamentary democracy government and has four seasons in its climate.
Estonia is a country located in Eastern Europe between Latvia and Russia, with a population of 1.3 million people. Previously ruled by other governments, Estonia gained independence in 1994. While Estonians are largely non-religious, the country has a literacy rate of 99.8% and a growing middle class. Estonia has a liberal economy and ranks highly in indexes of economic freedom. The country has advanced internet infrastructure and a recommendation is made to enter the Estonian beverage market due to its growing consumer base, few barriers to entry, and central location with strong transportation and distribution channels.
This document provides an overview of Estonia and its capital city of Tallinn as a destination for meetings and events. Some key points:
- Estonia has a population of 1.3 million and is located in Northern Europe, using the Euro currency and being part of the EU.
- Tallinn is the capital and largest city with over 400,000 residents, featuring a well-preserved medieval Old Town surrounded by historic city walls.
- Estonia promotes itself as one of the most digitally advanced societies in the world, with many government services available online.
- The document outlines various event venue and accommodation options in Tallinn and other cities like Pärnu and Tartu, as well
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic located in Northern Europe. It has a population of 1.4 million people and is divided into 15 counties, with its capital and largest city being Tallinn. Estonia has a total territory of 45,227 square kilometers and is one of the least populous members of the European Union.
This document summarizes a case study on setting indicators for urbanization in Estonia. It discusses how suburbanization has increased rapidly since the 1990s due to factors like available land and improved housing/mortgage conditions. It analyzes demographic, economic, land use and transportation data from Tartu, Estonia and surrounding areas to demonstrate the fast suburban expansion. It suggests indicators could help evaluate urban development and control sprawl in a more sustainable way through improved planning.
Tallinn has a long history as a trade hub dating back to the 8th century BC due to its strategic geographical placement on the Baltic Sea. As a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th century, Tallinn developed ports and guilds that helped defend the city and promote trade. Today, Tallinn remains an important center of trade and economy for Estonia through its airport, harbors, and information technology industry.
Estonia is a country located in Northern Europe. It borders the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, with Latvia to the south and Russia to the east. The capital and largest city of Estonia is Tallinn, which has a population of about 430,000 people.
Estonia is a small, heavily forested country located in Northern Europe. It has a population of 1.35 million and a parliamentary democracy form of government. While Estonia's economy slowed during the 2008 financial crisis, the country has strong potential for growth in industries like transportation, tourism, and technology. Estonia adopted the euro as its currency in 2011 and over 75% of residents now use the internet, demonstrating the country's position at the cutting edge of technology.
The document provides an overview of Australia's history and wildlife. It discusses how Australia was first inhabited over 40,000 years ago by Aboriginal peoples and later discovered by Europeans in the 17th century. It then covers key events such as European exploration in the 18th century, the establishment of British colonies in Australia beginning in 1788, and the settlement and colonization of Australia in the 19th century which reduced the indigenous population. The document also briefly touches on Australia's diverse wildlife, with 80% of species being endemic.
The document provides an overview of Australia's history and wildlife. It discusses how Australia was first inhabited over 40,000 years ago by Aboriginal peoples who arrived from Southeast Asia. Europeans first sighted Australia in 1606 and began exploring the country in the 1770s, with the British establishing a penal colony in New South Wales in 1788. Australia's unique wildlife is also summarized, which includes marsupials like kangaroos and monotremes like platypuses, as well as over 4,400 types of fish and 744 different lizard species.
The document provides an overview of Australia's history and wildlife. It discusses how Australia was first inhabited over 40,000 years ago by Aboriginal peoples and later discovered by Europeans in the 17th century. It then covers key events such as European exploration in the 18th century, the establishment of British colonies in Australia beginning in 1788, and the settlement and colonization of Australia in the 19th century which reduced the indigenous population. The document also briefly touches on Australia's diverse wildlife, with 80% of species being endemic.
The document provides a summary of the history of Australia. It details that Australia was first inhabited over 40,000 years ago by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Europeans first sighted Australia in 1606 and Captain Cook further explored the eastern coast in 1770, eventually leading to the establishment of a British penal colony at Sydney Cove in 1788. Over subsequent decades Britain claimed and established six self-governing colonies across Australia that were initially used for penal transportation but later became free settlements.
Senior Thesis in High School. Completed in AP European History about the Ecumenical Patriarch and Patriarchate\'s situation from past to present and future.
The document discusses several UNESCO World Heritage sites in Lithuania including the Vilnius Historic Centre, Curonian Spit, and Kernavė Archaeological Site. It also describes several intangible cultural heritage practices recognized by UNESCO such as Baltic song and dance celebrations, cross-crafting traditions, and Sutartinės multipart songs. Finally, it lists several heritage objects located in Šilalė District like the D. Poška Hallowed Trunks museum, Aviator S. Girėnas Birthplace Museum, Church of Girdiškė, Varniai Regional Park, and Pagramantis Regional Park.
The document summarizes several significant paleoanthropological findings in Greece from the last 40 years. It describes the discovery of a Neanderthal molar tooth dating to between 60,000-200,000 years ago at the Lakonis site in southern Greece. It also discusses two fossilized crania dated to around 200,000 years ago discovered at the Apidima cave site attributed to a "late pre-Neanderthal or early Neanderthal." Additionally, it outlines the discovery of the species Ouranopithecus macedoniensis dating to around 9 million years ago found at several sites in Halkidiki, northern Greece.
Greece is located in southeastern Europe on the Balkan peninsula. It has a population of over 10 million and borders Albania, North Macedonia, and Bulgaria. Greece has a long history dating back to ancient Bronze Age civilizations like the Minoans and Mycenaeans. It was influenced by the Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire before gaining independence in the 19th century. Greece has over 2,500 islands and a mountainous landscape home to diverse wildlife. It also has a rich cultural heritage reflected in its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites and influences on Western civilization.
1. Inuit are indigenous peoples who live in Arctic regions of Canada, Alaska, Greenland, and Russia. There are approximately 60,000 Inuit in Canada.
2. From the 4th century BCE to 1600 CE, Europeans viewed the Arctic and Inuit through myths and legends. Beginning in the 16th century, contact increased as Europeans sought trade routes and resources. Whaling brought further contact in the 18th-19th centuries.
3. In the 20th century, Inuit mobilized politically to gain self-governance and protect their land and culture. This included establishing territories like Nunavut in 1999 and organizations like the Inuit Circumpolar Council. Inuit now influence
This document provides an overview of how Estonian and neighboring countries' histories are taught in Estonian history textbooks based on the national curriculum. It discusses the main stages and principles of history education in Estonia, as well as how specific neighboring countries like Russia, Sweden, Latvia, and Finland are covered. Key events involving these countries in Estonian history are summarized such as the Crusade of Livonia, periods of Swedish and Russian rule, World War II and the regaining of independence.
Estonia's culture incorporates indigenous Finno-Ugric traditions and the Estonian language along with influences from neighboring Nordic and European cultures due to its history of domination by Sweden, Germany, and Russia. Traditional Estonian culture is characterized by lyrical folk poetry and songs. Notable Estonian authors include Oskar Luts, Anton Hansen Tammsaare, Jaan Kross, and Jaan Kaplinski. Traditional folk music and instruments remain an important part of Estonian culture, and large song festivals bring together thousands of singers. Modern Estonian composers like Arvo Pärt, Eduard Tubin, and Veljo Tormis are well known internationally.
1. Art is a primarily visual medium used to express human experience and ideas about the world.
2. Early art from the Paleolithic period included small sculptures like the Venus of Willendorf that may have represented fertility. Neolithic art included large megalithic structures like Stonehenge.
3. Greek art emphasized naturalism and the human form. Roman art incorporated Greek influences while commemorating historical events through structures like the Colosseum. Gothic cathedrals used flying buttresses and stained glass to open interior spaces.
If all of the world´s cultural heritage (sports, music, fashion, architecture, literature, painting, etc..) was contained in a time capsule, what would you include to demonstrate the legacy of your country?
This document provides a brief history of Australia in 3 periods:
1) Ancient time from 150,000 years ago to 1606 when Indigenous Australians lived nomadic lives.
2) European settlement from 1606-1900 when Britain established colonies in Australia.
3) New nation from 1901 onward when Australia became a federation and gained independence from Britain. Key events included the formation of parliament in 1901, involvement in World Wars I and II, and a period of postwar prosperity driven by immigration and economic development.
This document discusses the origins and development of ancient civilizations in Europe and the Mediterranean. It provides evidence that early civilizations like Minoan Crete were Black civilizations, and that Black peoples were the original settlers of Europe. However, in the 19th century, white historians revised history to falsely portray Europeans as the indigenous peoples. The document examines archaeological, artistic and genetic evidence to show that Africa was the origin of the earliest European settlers and civilizations, contradicting the false, whitewashed history promoted by Europeans.
Estonia is a small country located in Northern Europe on the Baltic Sea. It has an area of 45,227 km2, which is 5 times smaller than Utah and 217 times smaller than the United States. Estonia has a population of about 1.36 million people, who are mostly Estonian (68%) or Russian (26%). Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union from 1940 to 1991 but is now an independent country and member of the European Union and NATO. The culture of Estonia includes its capital Tallinn, the University of Tartu, many islands, and traditional song festivals. Estonia also has a strong digital society and e-government services.
The document summarizes the origins and history of Norse mythology from the last ice age to the Viking Age. It describes how early hunter-gatherer tribes in Scandinavia transitioned to farming and were later invaded by Indo-European groups. Norse religion and mythology developed out of these cultures between 3000 BCE-500 CE. The Viking Age began in 793 CE when Vikings raided monasteries in England and went on to explore regions like Iceland, Greenland, and North America between 800-1100 CE. Norse gods like Odin and Thor were eventually replaced as most Vikings converted to Christianity between the 8th-12th centuries, though some traditions remained influential or were revived later.
This document discusses the history and culture of Britain. It describes how Britain was once connected to mainland Europe during the last Ice Age but became separated by water as the ice melted. The document outlines the traditional view of Britain as an unconquered island and former imperial power, but notes that this view does not represent today's multicultural society. It also discusses how Britain's coal and oil resources, formed from ancient forests buried under soil and ice, fueled the Industrial Revolution and economic development.
A quiz about monuments and archaeological sites, main historical events and local history. Project Erasmus+ (Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Turkey) and about the cities of Istanbul, Kulupenai,Pobiedizka, Rhodes και Svishtov
Similar to Group 3 Estonia Presentation 3-6-12 (20)
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
2. Presenting The Estonian Culture In The
Following Order:
Geography - Kathi Ryan
History - Cheryl L Kelly
The Politics - Anna Maslova
The Lifestyle - Kathi Ryan
The Music - Sue Meister
The Religion - Natalia V. Jelezoglo
This presentation introduces you to the culture of Estonia.
We will show that the geography of Estonia greatly
influenced its history, politics, and people. We will share
how the Arts, Literature, Music, and Religion played a part
in shaping this diverse country, and continue to influence it
today.
3. Geography of Estonia
The two largest islands are
Saaremaa (literally, island land), at
2,673 square kilometers, and
Hiiumaa, at 989 square kilometers.
The country's highest point, Suur
Munamägi (Egg Mountain), is in
the hilly southeast and reaches
318 meters above sea level. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/maps/europe/estonia/
Estonia is covered by about 1.8
million hectares of forest.
Meadows cover about 252,000
hectares, and pastureland covers
about 181,000 hectares http://countrystudies.us/estonia/6.htm
4. Geography of Estonia
1,400 natural and artificial
lakes in Estonia
The largest, Lake is Peipsi
(3,555 square kilometers)
Võrtsjärv is the second-
largest, lake (270 square
kilometers)
The Narva and Emajõgi
are among the most
important of the country's
many rivers http://www.expatify.com/estonia/exploring-the-lakes-and-reservoirs-of-estonia.html
http://www.expatify.com/estonia/exploring-the-lakes-and-reservoirs-of-estonia.html
5. Geography of Estonia
Location: Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of
Finland between Latvia and Russia.
Area total: 45,226 sq. km (smaller than New Hampshire and
Vermont combined.
Land Boundaries: 633 km Border countries: Latvia and Russia.
Climate: wet, moderate winters, cool summers.
Terrain: Marshy, lowlands: flat in the north, hilly in the south.
Natural Hazards: sometimes flooding occurs in the spring.
Geography-note: the mainland terrain is flat, boggy and partly
wooded offshore lie more than 1,500 islands.
Population: 1,340,194 est. ( July 2011)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia#Population
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia
6. Geography
Communication Concept Applied
The communication concept applied for geography is territorial marker according to
Beebe, S.A., Beebe,S.J., & Ivy,D.K (2010).The Blue Book of Communication Studies (TCC Custom
Edition ed., PP.104-105).Boston: Allyn and Bacon. “A thing or action that signifies an area has been
claimed.”
The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km2 (17,462 square mi), and is
influenced by a temperate seasonal climate
Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic divided into 15 counties.
Autonomy declared 12 April 1917
Independence Declared officially recognized 24 February 1918
1st Soviet occupation 1940-1941
2nd occupation 1944-1991
Independence restored 20 August 1991
Area total 45,225 KM2 (132) 17,413 Sq. miles
Water (%) 4.45%
7. History of Estonia
Mesolithic Neolithic Period Bronze Age Iron Age Early Middle The Middle
period
Ages ages
1st centuries
10,000 BC 1227 BC 1800 BC 500 BC AD 1193
The earliest trace Marked by the ceramics The development of Settlement sites Two larger Last corners of
of human of the Narva Culture borders between the were build around subdivisions Europe to be
settlement Finnic people and the natural protection. appeared: the Christianized.
Balts begin Fortress were built. parish (Kilelkond) Pope Celestine III
and county called for a
(Maakind) crusade against
pagans.
http:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia
8. History of Estonia
Ruled by Germans, Danes, Swedes (1632), and Russians
In 1237 the Knights of the Sword were absorbed into a
crusading order called the Teutonic Knights
The Teutonic Knights ruled southern Estonia while the
Danes ruled the north
Estonia prior to the 13th century resisted the attacks of
the Vikings, the Danes, Swedes, and Russians
Text:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights
9. History of Estonia
Joined the Europe Region May 1, 2004.
Estonia attained independence in 1918.
Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940.
The last Russian troops left in 1994.
Regained its freedom in 1991, with the collapse of
the Soviet Union.
Estonia has been free to promote economic and
political ties with Western Europe.
http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcestonia.htm
Image:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia
10. History of Estonia
In the 16th century both Sweden and Russia wanted Estonia.
The Swedes captured Tallinn in 1561.
1721, Russians defeated the Swedes and they became the
ruling power under the “Peace of Nystad”.
1940,Many Jewish and Estonians were deported to Siberia.
“Conformation” of independence August 20th 1991 and still
celebrated to this day.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia
Jaan Anvelt
IMAGE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution
Image-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JaanAnvel
http://www.galenfrysinger.com/estonia_tallinn_old_town.htm
11. History
Communication Concept Applied
Image:http://www.chicagopianos.com/estoniahistory.htm
According to History's Communication concept is
individual culture according to
Beebe, S.A., Beebe, S.J., & Ivy,D.K
(2010).The Blue Book of Communication Studies (TCC Custom Edition
ed., PP.32-35).Boston: Allyn and Bacon. “Individual culture is a culture
that values individual achievement and personal accomplishment.”
Which I have demonstrated in the pervious slides by going back into
the history of Estonia.
A country that has been defeated several times,
resisted the attacks of the Vikings, Danes, Swedes, and Russians
taking away from their homes, thrown into camps by the USSR.
Estonia is now a very strong and independent country.
12. Politics and Government of Estonia
A democratic republic with parliamentary representative of a
multi-party system.
Declared independence from Soviet Union in 1991,the new
constitution came into effect in 1992.
Andrus Ansip is the prime minister since April 2005.
Legislative power is vested in the parliament.
Executive and legislature.
A member of European union and NATO. http://www.mapsofworld.com/estonia/politics-and-government
Image from : www.travelblog.org Image: http://www.valitsus.ee/en/government/prime-minister-and-ministers/andrus-ansip
13. Politics and Government of Estonia
The Main Parts in the Parliament Include:
Estonian Centre Party
Estonian Reform Party
Union of Pro Patria and Res Public
Estonia Greens
People’s Union of Estonia http://www.kookynet.net/10-baltics.html
(http://www.mapsofworld.com/estonia/politics-and-
government/
14. Politics and Government of Estonia
The President is elected by the Parliament.
The presidency is a five-year term.
If he or she does not secure two-thirds of the votes after three
rounds of balloting.
An electoral assembly (made up of Parliament plus members of local
governments) elects the president, choosing between the two
candidates with the largest percentage of votes. http://www.president.ee/en
Current president Hendrik Ilvesh was re-elected in the first round of
presidential elections in Parliament
His second five-year term in office was beginning October 10, 2011.
Text:http://www.president.ee/en
http://www.president.ee/en
http://www.president.ee/en
15. Lifestyle of Estonia
Estonia historically kept the same very traditional gender roles as
they did in the past:
Women’s Disadvantages:
Woman make considerably smaller wages.
Woman have limited opportunities in the labor market.
http://www.jewishfilm.org/filmfest/09/calendar.htm
Woman have limited access to power and management. http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Estonia.html
Woman have a hard time combing work life and home life.
Men’s Disadvantages:
Men have low life expectancy
Men have low educational level
Men have limited opportunities in the labor market
http://shaan.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c774753ef0154337083d1970c-popup
http://wikigender.org/index.php/Gender_Equality_in_Estonia
http://www.flickr.com/photos/9teen87/page65/
http://wikigender.org/index.php/Gender_Equality_in_Estonia
16. Lifestyle of Estonia
Festive Celebrations:
Traditional weddings are two or three-day events which include large
amounts of food, drink, and games.
Birthdays are celebrated with large parties.
Christenings and confirmations are also celebrated with large parties.
The most important holiday is Christmas. Just like a America they
have Christmas trees that are decorated, and a traditional dinner is
served.
New Year's Eve is a part of the Christmas holiday, they go into sauna
before midnight to cleanse the body and spirit for the upcoming year.
http://www.everyculture.com/Cr-Ga/Estonia.html
http://www.folk.ee/kultuurilaegas/en/aai_index/rti_rahvatants_ja_tantsupidu/rti_m6iste
17. Lifestyle of Estonia
Clothing in the 19th century was divided into three parts:
Festive-which were only worn during festival and handed down from
generation to generation. Styles varied by region.
Visiting clothes- that were worn for errands in town such as business in less
festive manner.
Work clothes-are worn every day, made of poorer material.
Clothing in Estonia today:
Traditional woman wear wide skirts, long sleeve blouse with embroidery on the
cuffs.
Traditional woman wear aprons and cover their head, if they are married.
Traditional woman unmarried wears no apron and only ribbons in their hair.
Non traditional men, some woman wear western clothing.
http://wayback.archive-
it.org/2217/20101208164759/http://www.albertasource.ca/abestonians/cultural/customs_clothing.html
18. Lifestyle Of Estonia
Communication Concepts Applied
According to the blue book of communication studies, TCC
custom Edition ed,pp.20).Boston: Allyn and Bacon, "Nonverbal
Communication communicating by the means other than
written and spoken language.”
The following slides demonstrated Nonverbal language by:
Celebration of song and dance.
Celebrations of dressing up and having fun.
Decorating for holiday events.
Celebrating with family and friends.
19. The Music of Estonia
The Music of Estonia: How Verbal Communication through Music and
Song Influenced the People of Estonia:
Music has been an important part in preserving Estonian nationality.
Songs have been handed down from generation to generation. This look
at the music of Estonia, especially through their use of songs will show
the importance of verbal communication among people. As stated in The
Blue Book of Communication Studies (Beebe S, A., Beebe S, J., & Ivy
2010 p. 61) “Words are powerful”.
Also from The Blue Book of Communication Studies (Beebe et al., 2010
p.62-63) we learn in The Nature of Language that “People use Words as
Symbols”, and also that “People Attach Meanings to Words” I will show
that through their music and songs, the people of Estonia created strong
symbols that brought them together as a nation with one shared
idea, their deep desire for national freedom from Soviet Occupation.
These symbols went on to create a deeper meaning to all of them.
Image: http://tobreatheasone.wordpress.com/2009/06/
20. Early Music of Estonia
The earliest mentioning of Estonian singing and dancing dates back
to Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum (c.1179). Saxo speaks of
Estonian warriors who sang at night while waiting for an epic battle. The
Estonian folk music tradition is broadly divided into 2 periods. The
older folksongs are also referred to as runic songs, songs in the poetic
metre regivärss the tradition shared by all Baltic-Finnic peoples.
Runic singing was widespread among Estonians until the 18th
century, when it started to be replaced by rhythmic folksongs.
Professional Estonian musicians emerged in the late 19th-century at the
time of Estonian national awakening. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Estonia
http://palun.blogspot.com/2008/03/regilaul.html
21. Music Of Estonia
Estonian Culture and the Importance of Music:
Estonian culture is that of a nation of a little more than one million people.
Along with the language, this culture is the main vehicle for Estonian
identity, hence the respect which Estonians feel for it.
The most striking example of the culture of ancient Estonians is their
regivärss, i.e. rhythmic verse, as well as their aural tradition of folk song
where each line is repeated several times with variations on a theme.
Nowadays, such ancient culture is rarely encountered, exceptions being
the island of Kihnu and the Setu border region, but such culture is
nonetheless preserved and research is carried out on it.
Estonians have one of the biggest collections of folk songs in the
world, with written records of about 133,000 folk songs.
Written for the MFA by Mihkel Mutt, writer and columnist
http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-science/estonian-culture.html
22. Music Of Estonia
The Song Festival Becomes a Role Model:
The term “the singing nation” expresses well the Estonian identity that has
united the nation in its struggle for national independence before 1918 and during
the period of the Soviet occupation. (1941-1991) In 1988 began the so-called
“Singing Revolution”, based on the Song Festival tradition, when hundreds of
thousands of people gathered in the Song Festival Grounds to make political
demands and sing patriotic songs.
More than 300,000 people participated in the huge event entitled “The Song of
Estonia” in September 1988, and for the first time the re-establishment of Estonia’s
independence was openly demanded.
There is a belief that the Estonian’s sang themselves
free from the Soviet Occupation.
http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-
science/song-and-dance-festivals.html
http://estonia.eu/about-estonia/culture-a-science/song-and-dance-festivals.html
23. Religion of Estonia
The dominant religion in Estonia is Evangelical Lutheranism. Estonians were
Christianized by the Teutonic Knights in the thirteenth century.
During the Reformation, Lutheranism spread, and the church was officially established
in Estonia in 1686.
Among other religions in Estonia in the early 1990’s there were eighty-three Baptist
congregations with about 6,000 adult members, as well as about fifteen Methodist, and
several Seventh-Day Adventist congregations.
In 1992 there were 153 Lutheran congregations in Estonia with an estimated 200,000
members.
Aleksiy II, who had been born in Estonia and had served there as a metropolitan.
However, in April 1993, he agreed to grant the Estonian Orthodox Church autonomy.
John Paul II during a tour of the Baltic states in September 1993, and the Dalai Lama
came to Estonia soon after independence, in October 1991. The Jewish community has
a synagogue in Tallinn.
Immediately after the hostilities in Estonia ended in November 1944, the EAOC
Synod, who stayed in their country, appealed to the Patriarchal Locum
Tenens, Metropolitan Alexis of Leningrad and Novgorod, to accept them and all the
clergy and laity of the Estonian Orthodox Church in canonical communion with the
Mother Church
http://www.photius.com/countries/estonia/society/estonia_society_religion.html
Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church
24. Religion of Estonia
According to the 2001 Estonia Census the following are a list of Estonia’s
religious denominations and the number of followers of each
congregation.
Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%
Orthodox 12.8%
Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman
Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%
Unaffiliated 34.1%
Other and unspecified 32%
None 6.1% (2000 census)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church
25. Religion of Estonia
The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church (EELC) was constituted in 1949, when the
previous church hierarchy, Eesti Evangeeliumi Luteriusu Kirik, headed
by bishop Johan Kõpp, had escaped to Sweden
in 1944. When the Soviet Union invaded Estonia
in 1940, most Christian organizations were
dissolved, church property was confiscated,
theologians were exiled to Siberia, and
religious education programs were outlawed.
World War II later brought devastation to many
church buildings. It was not until 1988 that church
activities were renewed when a movement for
religious tolerance began in the Soviet Union.
Although women had studied theology at Tartu
University in the 1920s and some had sought ordination http://www.indexmundi.com/estonia/religions.html
as priests, it was not until 1967 that the first woman,
Laine Villenthal, was ordained.
26. Religion Of Estonia
Communication Concepts Applied
My Communication concept is expert power
according to Beebe, S.A., Beebe,S.J., & Ivy,D.K
(2010).The Blue Book of Communication
Studies (TCC Custom Edition
ed., PP.153).Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Cultural Values is a given group of people
values or appreciates, with such a rich diverse
culture Estonia has several types of religion
and through my research I have demonstrated
this in the previous slides.
http://www.photius.com/countries/estonia/society/estonia_society_religion.html
27. Conclusion
We hope that through our presentation on Estonia you have a better
understanding about this small but diverse country. Our goal was to share how its
culture has been strongly influenced by its geography, history, politics, and the
mixtures of religious beliefs; we also shared how the Arts, Literature, and most
importantly Music has helped shape this country, and continue to influence it still
today.
The main points were presented by:
Geography - Kathi Ryan (slides 3-7)
History - Cheryl L Kelly (Slides 7-11)
The Politics - Anna Maslova (Slides 12-14)
The Lifestyle - Kathi Ryan (Slides 15-18)
The Music - Sue Meister (Slides 19-22)
Estonia Coat of Arms
The Religion - Natalia V. Jelezoglo (Slides 23-26) http:www.flagshag.com
28. Questions
1. What was the “Singing Revolution” in Estonia, and how did
singing unite the people of Estonia?
2. Name some of the countries that ruled Estonia, and when did
they regain their freedom?
3. Where is Estonia located, and what countries border it both by
land, and sea?
4. Who elects the President, how is the election decided if no
person gets a majority vote, and how long is the term served?
29. References
Text reference:
Beebe, S. A., Beebe, S. J., & Ivy, D. K. (2010) The Blue Book of Communication Studies (TCC Custom Edition, pp.20-153)
Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Website reference’s
http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcestonia.htm
http://countrystudies.us/estonia/6.htm
http://www.expatify.com/estonia/exploring-the-lakes-and-reservoirs-of-estonia.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Estonia#Population
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Estonia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Estonia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teutonic_Knights
http://geography.about.com/library/cia/blcestonia.htm
http://www.7is7.com/otto/estonia/ruhnu_lighthouse.html
http://www.galenfrysinger.com/estonia_tallinn_old_town.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_Revolution
http://www.chicagopianos.com/estoniahistory.htm
http://www.mapsofworld.com/estonia/politics-and-government
http://www.valitsus.ee/en/government/prime-minister-and-ministers/andrus-ansip
www.travelbog.com
http://www.kookynet.net/10-Baltics.html
♪ Estonian runo-song (Estonian: regilaul) has been extensively recorded and studied, especially those sung by women. They can come in many forms, including work songs, ballads and epic legends. Much of the early scholarly study of runo-song was done in the 1860s by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald, who used them to compose the Estonian national epic, Kalevipoeg. By the 20th century, though, runo-song had largely disappeared from Estonia, with vibrant traditions existing only in the locations of Setumaa and Kihnu.