ITI Energy has developed advanced gasification technology and wants to build an energy plant. The plant will use municipal solid waste as fuel and include mechanical biological treatment to produce pellets for gasification. The plant will generate electricity, heat and ash for construction materials. Key activities over 5 weeks include selecting equipment, designing site layout and logistics, finalizing building designs, and finishing tasks.

1. ITI Energy, College London

2. Our Client
 ITI Energy Limited
 Working in conjunction with Scotwaste
 Environmentally friendly company
 Specialises in gasification technology
 Developed patented advanced gasification design
 10 years experience

3. The Brief
 Design buildings, fuel handling, ash handling and
other buildings
 8 Gasifiers using ITI technology
 Investigate and recommend most suitable
 MBT technologies
 Technology for pellet manufacture
 Advise on use of excess heat and bottom ash

4. Site Location
1 km North of Junction 4, M8
2.5km from Bathgate rail station
Situated in the County of West Lothian,
South West of Edinburgh

5. General Process
Municipal Solid Waste
Mechanical Biological Treatment
Fuel Manufacturing
Gasifier
Syngas
Electricity
Exeter EfW Plant http://www.exeter-labour.org.uk/2012/05/08/energy-from-waste-plant/

6. Environmental & Waste Regulations
 Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU
 Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
Directive 2008/1/EC
 Waste Incineration Directive 2000/76/EC
 Environmental Protection Act 1990
 Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations 2000
 Environmental Permitting Regulations 2010

7. Health and Safety
 Welfare
 clean, comfortable working environment, comfortable
and appropriate equipment
 Accidents
 slips, trips and falls, appropriate PPE, vehicle traffic,
cuts and infections, appropriate and well maintained
machinery
 Emergency procedures
 emergency shutdowns, fire evacuation plans, serious
injury response

8. Main Income Streams
 Renewable Obligations Certificates
 received at a rate of about 2 per hour during normal
operations
 can be sold to national electricity suppliers for about
£40 each
 Gate fees for receiving waste
 a typical MBT plant receives about £80 per tonne of
waste
 Selling generated electricity to a national supplier

9. Mechanical Biological Treatment
 Purpose:
 Reduce amount of waste going to landfill
 Reduce environmental impact
 Mechanical Processes
 Sorting
 Biological Processes
http://www.etan.com.sg/biological2.php

10. MBT - Mechanical
 Bag Splitters and Shredders
 prepare material for mechanical sorting
 Industrial Magnets
 ferrous metals
 Eddy Current Separator
 non-ferrous metals
 Ballistic Separation and Air Classification
 aggregate, glass, ceramics

11. MBT – Biological
 Three typical processes
 Aerobic composting
 Aerobic bio-drying
 Anaerobic digestion
 Aerobic bio-drying most suitable treatment
 Partial aerobic decomposition to dry and stabilise waste
 Outputs solid recovered fuel (SRF)
 SRF used in gasification to produce energy

12. Pellets
 The Gasifier takes pellets as its input
 Improved performance
 More dense
 Less moisture
 More homogeneous
 Greater calorific value
 14 briquetting machines
http://www.tajagroproducts.com/images/NE
 270 000 pellets per hour W%20FILE%20IMAGES/bricket_10452474.jpg
 100 000 tonnes of pellets per year

13. Pellet Transport
Briquetting machines  5 Day Storage  Gasifiers
 Conveyor belts for transport
 Smart conveyor system
 Takes pellets to appropriate gasifier
 Potentially weigh at either end of the conveyor

14. Gasifier
 Type of Advanced Thermal Treatment
 Continuous thermal decomposition process
 Produces fuel gas which can be used to produce
electricity with an internal combustion engine

15. Power Generation & Grid Connection
 Power produced by the gasifiers
is sold to the grid
 Scottish Energy Transmission
 33kV national grid connection in
nearby Bathgate
 Possibility of private connections
closer by.
(Energy Networks Association, 2011)

16. Heat Exporting
 Recoverable heat is
approximately 115% of gross
power output
Heat Exporting
 Two main ways of exporting
energy
Direct District Organic Rankine
Heating Cycle  No considerable heat demand in
the area
 Consequences of direct district
heating system failure are too
high

17. Organic Rankine Cycle
 Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) converts heat into electrical work.
The heat is externally supplied to a closed system where high
molecular mass fluid is used as working fluid
 ORC can particularly benefit smaller stations making plant
operation more profitable
(Pratt & Whitney Power Systems, n.d.)

18. Ash
 Inorganic or mineral content of biomass,
which remains after gasification.
 non-hazardous waste
 amount of ash differs from types of
feedstock
 Uses:
 Raw material for cement, bricks, structural
fill, aggregates for concrete, road materials,
land reclamation, soil modification
RESI Corporation, http://www.resi.com.tw/Fluidization.htm

19. Site Design
Looking ahead:
 Main Structures
 MBT
 Gasifier Plant
 Site Logistics
 Entrance/Exit
 Roads
 Storage
 Numerous Considerations
 i.e. proximity of households, legislation, etc…

20. Design Selection
 Appealing Design
 Case Studies
 Severnside energy from waste plant
 Exeter
 Amagerforbraending (Denmark)
http://www.bustler.net/index.php/article/big_puts_a_ski_slope_on_c
http://www.utilityweek.co.uk/news/images/195878.jpg
openhagens_new_waste-to-energy_plant/

21. Schedule and Critical Activities
Week 1: Preliminary Research
Week 2: Technical Decisions and Site Layout
 MBT equipment selection
 Pelleting Method
 Power connection
Week 3: Logistics and Building Design
 On-site Transportation
 Storage
 Structural Design
Week 4 & 5: Finish Tasks, Finalise Report and Extras
 Visitors Center
 Monitoring & Landscaping