This document presents an overview of grief and bereavement, defining key terms like grief, mourning, and bereavement, and highlighting causes and stages of grief based on Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's model. It discusses the symptoms of grief and factors that influence the grieving process, emphasizing the importance of support and readiness for loss. Additionally, it outlines strategies for helping children and teenagers cope with grief.

1. Grief and
Bereavement
Presentation By:
Ms. Chandani Modi
Child Health Nursing

2. Definition
• Grief:
Grief is a powerful emotional reaction to a
separation or loss like declining health,
impending death, death to loved ones or loss of
valuable object.
Healthy grieving is time-limited,
becoming less intense as time passes but takes
1 year or more to resolve fully.

3. • Mourning:
Mourning is the process by which grief is
resolved. It is societal expression of post
bereavement behavior and practices.
• Bereavement:
Bereavement means the state of being
deprived of someone by death and refers to
being in the state of mourning.

4. Causes, Incidence and Risk Factors
Grief may be caused by any loss including-
• Relationship break-up
• Loss of health
• Loss of friendship
• Illness of loved one
• Death of pet

5. Stages of Grief
In 1969, psychiatrist Elisabeth Kubler Ross
introduced “five stages of grief” which are as
follows-
1. Denial: “This can’t happen to me”.
2. Anger: “Why is this happening”?
3. Bargaining: “Make this not happen and in return
I will….”.
4. Depression: “I am too sad to do anything”.
5. Acceptance: “I’m at peace with what happened”.

7. • https://www.verywellmind.com/five-stages-
of-grief-4175361

8. Stages of Children’s Grief
1. Disorganization
2. Transition
3. Reorganization

9. Symptoms
• Grief can have physical, psychological and social
signs.
A. Physical signs
- Insomnia
- Tight muscles of mainly chest and throat
- Interrupted sleep
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy
- Generalized weakness

10. B. Psychological Signs
- Preoccupation with or ambivalence towards
lost object
- Anger
- Fantasies that the object is not lost
- Guilt over inability to prevent loss

11. C. Social Signs
- Withdrawal from usual social activities
- Decreased work productivity

12. Factors
• Strongly dependant on deceased
• Love-hate relationship
• Experienced a number of recent losses
• Loss of child or young person
• Holds himself responsible for the loss

13. Grief response becomes easier if-
1. The individual has support of significant
others
2. The individual was already prepared for the
loss

14. Length of loss Process
• Depends on individual
• Usually 6-8 weeks

15. Complicated or Dysfunctional Grief
a. Chronic Grief
b. Hypertrophic Grief
c. Delayed Grief

16. Management
a. Helping a grieving preschooler
b. Helping a grieving elementary school age
c. Helping grieving Pre-teens and early
adolescents
d. Helping teenagers during grieving