The document discusses the importance of sustainable transport, highlighting that transportation is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the U.S. It presents the concept of compressed-air vehicles as an eco-friendly alternative, emphasizing their emission-free nature if powered by sustainable electricity, while also considering various challenges such as distance limitations and safety requirements. Additionally, it explores potential power sources for fueling these vehicles at bus stops, including solar panels and stirling engines.

2. Green Transport
• Why Transportation.
• Sustainable transport
• Compressed-air vehicle
• The integrated solution
• Questions.

3. Green Transport
• Why Transportation
• Sustainable transport
• Compressed-air vehicle
• The integrated solution
• Questions.

4. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
• Transportation is second largest contributor
to greenhouse gas pollution in U.S.
• Transportation share is projected to rise to
36% by 2020.
• Light Duty Vehicles and trucks are the largest
contributors to green house gas pollution
Source: U.S. Department of Transportation. Report to Congress. 2010

5. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
• 160% increase in average mils per vehicle
• Over 5 times increase in number of vehicles
on the road.
ACCB and annual Energy Review 2006

6. Green Transport
• Why Transportation
• Sustainable transport
• Compressed-air vehicle
• The integrated solution
• Questions.

7. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
• It includes road vehicle , railways,
waterways, canals, pipelines, and terminals.
• It measures transportation system
effectiveness, efficiency and environmental
impacts.
• Traditional transport planning aims to
improve mobility, especially for vehicle, and
may fail to adequately consider
environmental impact.

8. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
Green Vehicles:
•Currently 95% of transport energy comes from
petroleum.
•Green vehicle intends to have less
environmental impact than equivalent standard
vehicle.
•Electric vehicle, Hybrid vehicle, Natural gas
vehicle, Biofuels vehicle, Compressed air
vehicle are samples of Green vehicle.
IPCC fourth assessment reports: Mitigation of Climate change, Chapter5, Transport and it’s infrastructure. 2009

9. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
• Electrical vehicle needs long time for
recharging and large size of batteries to run
for long distance. (Hundai electrical bus run
to 52miles -84Km- in 30min. charge.)
• Battery manufacturing has a lot of objections
from the environmentalists point of view.
• All the biofuel vehicle mixing the biofuel with
petroleum products (diesel, natural-gas,..) for
better performance.
• Scientists express concerns about land-use
change in response to greater demand for
biofuel and the subsequent carbon
emissions.

10. Green Transport
• Why Transportation
• Sustainable transport
• Compressed-air vehicle
• The integrated solution
• Questions.

11. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
• Powered by motors driven by compressed air.
• Use the expansion of compressed air, in a
similar manner to the expansion of steam in
steam-engine.
• Gases may use to increase energy density,
and performance.

12. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
• Compressed-air car is emission-free at the
exhaust.
• By using clean source of electricity, the total
impact will be environmental.
• Researches are running now on the
MultiCATs transporter (car pooling).

13. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution.
Questions.
Disadvantages:
•It will be considered as clean car, only if the
electricity used for the compressor, generated
from sustainable source.
•The distance that an air car covers –without
refueling- is crucial. (less than 100miles will be
fine)
•Cars lightweight construction might make it
difficult for them to pass the stringent American
Safety Requirements, whereas it’s essential for
the travel distance needs.

14. Green Transport
• Why Transportation
• Sustainable transport
• Compressed-air vehicle
• The integrated solution
• Questions.

15. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution
Questions.
Which vehicle should use Compressed-air
engine?
•Should be worked for short travel distance.
•Should have stops within it’s trip for refueling.
•Do not require high speed, because high speed
consume too much air, which enlarge the tank
sizes.

16. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution
Questions.
Sample of vehicle might be used:
•Passenger bus at airport property.
•Public buses.
•Garbage collector vans.
•Taxis
** Bus stops in this proposal, would work as
intermediate fuel station for these vehicle.

17. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution
Questions.
Sustainable source of power for refuel points
(Bus stops):
1- Solar photo-voltaic panel:
Advantages:
*Renewable and sustainable resource.
* Solar Cells are totally silent.
* Require very little maintenance.
*Manufacturers have 20-year
warranties.
Disadvantages:
* Solar panels are expensive to buy
*Storage system usually include
batteries.

18. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution
Questions.
Sustainable source of power for refuel points
(Bus stops):
2- Stirling engine:
•A Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by
cyclic compression and expansion of air, other
gas, or liquid.
•Its efficient, quiet operation, and it can use
almost any heat source (such as solar).
**Watch it working on the path
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfVv9RVGizY

19. Why Transportation.
Sustainable Transport
Compressed-air vehicle
The integrated solution
Questions.
Sample of proposed Bus Stop
Under ground air tank
Air pump for re-fueling
Solar Stirling engine
Photo-voltaic panels
Bus stop, Dubai - UAE

20. Mamdouh Amin