The document summarizes the history of natural hazards and disasters that have impacted the Philippines, including earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, typhoons, floods, and landslides. Some of the most devastating events mentioned are the 1990 Luzon earthquake that killed over 1,600 people, the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption that killed over 800, the 2013 Super Typhoon Haiyan that was the deadliest typhoon in Philippine history with over 6,000 deaths, and the recent landslides triggered by Tropical Storm Megi in 2022 that killed over 120 people. The document outlines how factors like geology, proximity to hazards, population density, and infrastructure can influence an area's vulnerability to natural disasters.
Types of natural disasters by Mr. .Allah Dad Khan Former Director General A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Types of natural disasters by Mr. .Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture /Visiting Professor The University of Agriculture Peshawar Extension KPK Pakistan
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines TanaMaeskm
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines Asian Disaster Reduction Center
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991
Emmanuel M. de Guzman
Consultant (Philippines)
The Pinatubo eruption of June 1991: The nature and impact of the disaster
Nature of the disaster
Reawakened after more than 500 years of slumber, Mount Pinatubo in the
island of Luzon in the Philippines showed signs of imminent eruption early April
1991. On 12 June 1991 (Philippine Independence Day), its intermittent
eruptions began. Three days after, on 15 June 1991, its most powerful eruption
happened. Mount Pinatubo ejected massive volcanic materials of more than
one cubic mile and created an enormous cloud of volcanic ash that rose as high
as 22 miles into the air and grew to more than 300 miles across, turning day
into night over Central Luzon. At lower altitude, the ash was blown in all
direction by intense winds of a coincidental typhoon. At higher altitudes, the ash
was blown southwestward. Volcanic ash and frothy pebbles blanketed the
countryside. Fine ash fell as far as the Indian Ocean and satellites tracked the
ash clouds several times around the globe. Nearly 20 million tons of sulfur
dioxide were injected into the stratosphere and dispersed around the world
causing global temperature to drop temporarily by 1*F from 1991 through 1993.
Mount Pinatubo’s eruption was considered the largest volcanic eruption of the
century to affect a densely populated area.
After the explosive eruptions, posing a more serious and lingering threat to life,
property and environment were the onslaught of lahars. Within hours after the
eruption, heavy rains began to wash deposits of volcanic ash and debris from
the slopes down into the surrounding lowlands in giant, fast-moving mudflows.
Containing 40% (by weight) volcanic ash and rock, lahars flow faster than clear-
water streams. These steaming mudflows cascade as fast as 40 miles per hour
and can travel more than 50 miles. With 90% volcanic debris, lahars move
fastest and are most destructive. When they reach the lowlands, they have
speeds of more than 20 miles per hour and are as much as 30 feet thick and
300 feet wide. They can transport more than 35,000 cubic feet of debris and
mud per second.
For years, lahars continued to flow down the major river systems around the
volcano and out into densely populated, adjoining lowlands. They destroyed
and buried everything along their path: people and animals, farm and forest
lands, bridges and natural waterways, houses and cars. They also rampage
with terrifying rumbling sounds. By 1997, lahars had deposited more than 0.7
cubic miles (about 300 million dump-truck loads) of debris onto the lowlands,
burying hundreds of square miles of land and causing greater destruction than
1
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines ...
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Types of natural disasters by Mr. .Allah Dad Khan Former Director General A...Mr.Allah Dad Khan
Types of natural disasters by Mr. .Allah Dad Khan Former Director General Agriculture /Visiting Professor The University of Agriculture Peshawar Extension KPK Pakistan
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines TanaMaeskm
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines Asian Disaster Reduction Center
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991
Emmanuel M. de Guzman
Consultant (Philippines)
The Pinatubo eruption of June 1991: The nature and impact of the disaster
Nature of the disaster
Reawakened after more than 500 years of slumber, Mount Pinatubo in the
island of Luzon in the Philippines showed signs of imminent eruption early April
1991. On 12 June 1991 (Philippine Independence Day), its intermittent
eruptions began. Three days after, on 15 June 1991, its most powerful eruption
happened. Mount Pinatubo ejected massive volcanic materials of more than
one cubic mile and created an enormous cloud of volcanic ash that rose as high
as 22 miles into the air and grew to more than 300 miles across, turning day
into night over Central Luzon. At lower altitude, the ash was blown in all
direction by intense winds of a coincidental typhoon. At higher altitudes, the ash
was blown southwestward. Volcanic ash and frothy pebbles blanketed the
countryside. Fine ash fell as far as the Indian Ocean and satellites tracked the
ash clouds several times around the globe. Nearly 20 million tons of sulfur
dioxide were injected into the stratosphere and dispersed around the world
causing global temperature to drop temporarily by 1*F from 1991 through 1993.
Mount Pinatubo’s eruption was considered the largest volcanic eruption of the
century to affect a densely populated area.
After the explosive eruptions, posing a more serious and lingering threat to life,
property and environment were the onslaught of lahars. Within hours after the
eruption, heavy rains began to wash deposits of volcanic ash and debris from
the slopes down into the surrounding lowlands in giant, fast-moving mudflows.
Containing 40% (by weight) volcanic ash and rock, lahars flow faster than clear-
water streams. These steaming mudflows cascade as fast as 40 miles per hour
and can travel more than 50 miles. With 90% volcanic debris, lahars move
fastest and are most destructive. When they reach the lowlands, they have
speeds of more than 20 miles per hour and are as much as 30 feet thick and
300 feet wide. They can transport more than 35,000 cubic feet of debris and
mud per second.
For years, lahars continued to flow down the major river systems around the
volcano and out into densely populated, adjoining lowlands. They destroyed
and buried everything along their path: people and animals, farm and forest
lands, bridges and natural waterways, houses and cars. They also rampage
with terrifying rumbling sounds. By 1997, lahars had deposited more than 0.7
cubic miles (about 300 million dump-truck loads) of debris onto the lowlands,
burying hundreds of square miles of land and causing greater destruction than
1
Eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines ...
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. Natural Hazard
It is a threat of a naturally-
occuring event that has a possible
negative effect on humans.
Natural Disaster
It occurs when a natural hazard
occurs and significantly harm and
damage the community.
What is a
natural hazard?
3. A tropical storm in the region of the Indian
or western Pacific oceans
synonyms:
cyclone · tropical storm · storm · tornado ·
hurricane · windstorm · whirlwind
Typhoons
ORIGIN
late 16th century: partly via Portuguese
from Arabic ṭūfān (perhaps from Greek
tuphōn ‘whirlwind’); reinforced by Chinese
dialect tai fung ‘big wind’.
4. An earthquake is a sudden release of
energy along a fault in the Earth's crust.
a sudden and violent shaking of the ground,
sometimes causing great destruction, as a
result of movements within the earth's crust
or volcanic action.
Earthquake
It poses a severe threat because of its
irregular intervals and difficulty to forecast.
5. Volcanic eruptions occur when molten
material from the Earth's interior is
extruded to the surface.
Volcanic
Eruption
Avalanches of hot materials, release of
toxic gas, and lava flows make volcanic
eruptions dangerous.
6. Did You
Know?
Earthquakes and volcanoes commonly
occur in the boundaries of tectonic
plates.
The Pacific Ring of Fire, for example, is
a horseshoe-shaped belt in the Pacific
Ocean where active volcanoes and
frequent earthquakes occur.
7. Floods and flashfloods are common
products of torrential rains especially if it
occurs after a long period of dry
conditions.
Flood/
Flashflood
Dam breaks can also result to flooding, and
can severely affect the communities
nearby.
8. landslides
A landslide is the movement of rock,
earth, or debris down a sloped
section of land.
Landslides are caused by rain,
earthquakes, volcanoes, or other
factors that make the slope unstable
Landslides have three major causes:
geology, morphology, and human
activity..
10. Luzon Earthquake
1645. The magnitude
7.5 earthquake that
struck Luzon killed 600
people and greatly
damaged churches
including the Manila
Cathedral. The
earthquake was
considered the
strongest to hit the
country since the
Spanish conquest.
11. Luzon Earthquake. (July
16, 1990) An earthquake
of 7.8 magnitudes and
intensity of 9 struck
Luzon. The epicenter was
Nueva Ecija however the
ground rupture
stretched up to the
province of Aurora. The
earthquake killed an
estimated 1,621 people
and collapsed several
buildings including Hyatt
Terraces Baguio Hotel
and Hotel Nevada also in
Baguio.
12. Taal Volcano 1754
Eruption. The
volcano erupted for
7 months burying 4
towns in Batangas.
As much as 40
inches of ash were
recorded in some
areas.
13. Taal Eruption ( Jan.
30, 1911). The very
explosive eruption
wiped out 7
barangays on the
island and killed
more than 1,000
people from
scalding by hot
steam or hot mud.
The eruption was
one of the most
notable in the
volcano’s
recorded history.
15. Mayon Eruption ( Feb. 1,
1814). The eruption was
the strongest recorded
to date of the Mayon
volcano. The volcano
erupted
characteristically dark
ash and car-sized
boulders toward the
town of Cagsawa
therefore burying it
along with the Cagsawa
Church which its ruins
now a tourist attraction.
An estimate of 2,000
people were killed
during the eruption.
16. Hibok-Hibok Eruption.
A volcanic fissure
opened following days
of earthquakes and
subterranean
rumblings. From the
opening, lava was
continuously spewed
and drained into the
sea for four years
destroying the town
and eventually forming
a cone which is now
known as Mt. Vulcan.
The eruption caused
the Sunken Cemetery
and Gui-ob Church
ruins, both are now
tourist attractions in
Camiguin.
17. Panay Earthquake. (
Jan. 25, 1948) While
recovering from the
effects of World War
II, Panay was hit by
an earthquake with
an estimated
magnitude of 7.8 and
intensity of 10. The
earthquake was the
second biggest in the
country on record.
18. Typhoon Mike (Typhoon
Ruping) - Nov. 12, 1990
hits Visayas particularly
Cebu, Leyte, Negros
Occidental, and Panay
Island. Considered as
the 7th most damaging
typhoon since the
country’s independence,
Ruping destroyed
television broadcast and
radio towers as well as
bridges and electric
cables therefore
resulting in widespread
power outage. It
reportedly killed 748
people and injured
1,274 more..
19. Pinatubo Eruption.(
June 12-15, 1991) A
series of eruptions
occurred after being
dormant for hundreds
of years. The eruption
was worsened by
Typhoon Yunya
(Typhoon Diding)
therefore causing a
messy rain of mud and
massive lahars and
killing more than 800
people. The eruption
was the second-largest
volcanic eruption in the
world during the 20th
century.
20. Mindoro Earthquake.(
Nov. 15, 1994) The
earthquake had a
magnitude of 7.1 and
intensity of 7. With the
epicenter in Verde Island
Passage, the earthquake
generated a tsunami
and landslides therefore
killing 78 people and
damaging almost 8,000
houses.
21. Samar Earthquakes. (
April 21, 1995) A series
of earthquakes struck
Samar and generated a
small tsunami in
Legazpi, Albay. Four of
the largest earthquakes
have magnitude
between 7 to 7.3..
22. The Philippines was hit
with a succession of
three typhoons Yvette
(Oniang), Zack (Pepang),
and Angela (Rosing). The
latter intensified into a
super typhoon and had
the third highest wind
speeds recorded in the
Philippines. Overall, the
three typhoons caused
around 1,000 fatalities
and billions of pesos in
damages.
(October 23-31, 1995)
23. Mindanao Earthquake.
A 7.5 magnitude
earthquake struck
Southern and Central
Mindanao at a depth of
31 km. The quake killed
at least 15 people and
injured 100 more.
(March 15, 2002)
24. Tropical Depression
Winnie made landfall in
southern Luzon. There
were 842 people killed
and 751 more missing.
The name Winnie was
retired from the list due
to the total number of
deaths and missing.
(Nov. 29, 2004)
25. Heavy rains brought by
Typhoon Durian
(Reming) triggered a
massive landslide from
the Mayon Volcano
making the death toll
reach more than 1,000.
(Nov. 25-30, 2006)
26. Typhoon Fengshen
(Frank) devastated
Central Visayas causing
flooding and mudslides.
There were 1,300
fatalities including the
passengers of the
Princess Of The Stars
ferry that sank off San
Fernando, Romblon due
gigantic waves and gusty
winds.
( June 20-23, 2008)
27. Typhoon Ketsana
(Ondoy) made landfall in
the Philippines. More
than 400 people died
due to flooding,
landslides, and other
incidents. It was
considered the most
devastating typhoon to
hit the country,
particularly Manila since
Typhoon Patsy (Yoling)
in 1970.
( Sept. 26, 2009)
28. Typhoon Megi (Super
Typhoon Juan) caused
widespread damage in
Luzon. The only super
typhoon in 2010, Megi is
considered one of the
most intense and
costliest typhoons in the
Philippines.
( Oct. 18, 2010)
29. Tropical Storm Washi
(Tropical Storm
Sendong) made landfall
in Mindanao and caused
damage in the country
particularly in Cagayan
de Oro where the river
overflowed causing flash
floods in the area. There
were 1,250 killed and
over 6,000 injured out of
nearly 700,000 people
affected.
( Dec. 16, 2011)
30. Negros Earthquake. A
magnitude 6.7 and
intensity 7 earthquake
hit Negros Oriental at a
depth of 20 km. The
earthquake triggered
landslides therefore
burying a barangay and
raising the death toll to
51.
( Feb. 6, 2012)
31. Typhoon Bopha
(Typhoon Pablo) is the
strongest tropical
cyclone on record to
ever affect Mindanao.
Death toll is at 1,146
and 834 more were
reported missing.
( De. 5, 2012)
32. Bohol Earthquake. A
7.2 earthquake struck
Bohol killing an
estimate of more than
200 people and
injuring 700 more.
Thousands of buildings
were damaged
including the
centuries-old Loon
Church, Loboc Church,
and Baclayon Church.
(Oct. 15, 2013)
33. Super typhoon Haiyan
(Super Typhoon
Yolanda) made landfall
in Visayas and caused
storm surges and
flooding which
devastated the region
particularly Samar and
Leyte. It was one of the
strongest tropical
cyclones, the costliest,
and deadliest typhoon
on record with death toll
reaching more than
6,000.
(Nov. 8, 2013)
34. Typhoon Haima (Super
Typhoon Lawin) made
landfall in Cagayan.
PAGASA gave typhoon
signal number 5 for
the first time.
(Oct. 19, 2015)
35. 2019 Cotabato
earthquakes
The 2019 Cotabato
earthquakes were an
earthquake swarm which
struck the province of
Cotabato on the island of
Mindanao in the
Philippines in October
2019.[6] Three of these
earthquakes were above
6.0 on the moment
magnitude scale with a
Mercalli intensity of VIII.
More than 40 people have
been reported dead or
missing and nearly 800
were injured as a result of
these events.
(Oct.16 , 29, Dec. 15
2019)
36. Super Typhoon Rai, locally
referred to as “Odette”
Super Typhoon Rai made nine
landfalls on 16–17 December
2021, severely disrupting the
livelihoods of vulnerable
farmers and fishers and
compounding the impacts of
other climate-induced shocks
and the coronavirus disease
2019 pandemic. Beyond its
immediate impacts, Super
Typhoon Rai adversely affected
the food security of households
who depend on farming and
fishing for their primary or
secondary source of livelihoods
as their productive capacities
decreased and their incomes
were disrupted.
(Dec. 16-17, 2021)
37. Over the last two days
more information has
started to emerge
about the landslides
triggered by Tropical
Storm Megi / Agaton,
which caused mayhem
on the island of Leyte in
the Philippines on 11
April 2022. The latest
news on casualties is
that at least 123 people
were killed, the majority
in landslides, but more
remain missing.
Eighty-six of the casualties
were in Baybay, a
mountainous area prone to
landslides in central Leyte
province, where 236 people
were also injured, the city
government said in a
report.
38. Some areas can be more
affected by a hazard or
disaster than other areas due
to the following factors:
Vulnerability
to Hazards
and Disasters
Proximity to a
hazardous event
High population
density in an area
Lack of public education
and awareness
Lack or non-existent
early warning systems
39. National Geographic. "Natural Disasters."
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/topic/natural-
disasters-weather. Last Accessed 15 January 2022.
https://www.discoverthephilippines.com/history-of-natural-disasters-in-
the-
philippines/
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/landslide/
Reference