Magnitude and Intensity

8. Lesson 5.2 Disaster Prevention
and Coping Mechanism
Prepared by:
Joann G. Santos
BSEDIV Physical Science

9. Disaster
a suddencatastrophiceventthat affects
many people.
disrupts patterns of lives with the possibility
of loss of lives and properties inadditionto
multipleinjuries.

10. Disaster May Be Results of :
1. NaturalPhenomena
due to the violenceof nature
Examples:
Tornados
Hurricanes
Earthquakes
Epidemics
Blizzards
Conflagrations

11. 2. Man–MadePhenomena
brought aboutby humanerrors
Examples:
Fires
Explosions
Accidents
Civildisorders
NuclearPower Incidents

12. Disasters vary in their degree of suddenness
and preparation. But all types of disasters
requires speedy Emergency Medical Services
(EMS).

13. GreatWorldDisasters of the 20th Century
May 8, 1902
Mt. Pelée erupted on a Caribbean
MartiniqueIsland,killing30,000inhabitants.

15. April 15, 1912
The “unsinkable” Titanic collided with an
iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean, killing
about1,500people.

17. September1, 1923
An earthquake occurred off the coast of
Tokyo causing a tsunami and fire that took
143,000 lives.

19. November1966
Torrential rains ravaged all of southern
Europe, resulting in floods that caused
irreparable damage to the art and
architectureof Florence,Italy.

21. May 31, 1970
An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.5
struck Northern Peru and resulted in an
avalanche that buried an entire town. About
66,000 people lost their lives and damages
totaledtomore than $530million.

23. November12, 1970
A cyclone hit Bangladesh, destroying 1.1
million acres of cultivated rice paddies,
drowning 1 million heads of livestock, and
killingmore than 500,000people.

25. July 1976
An unpredicted earthquake with a
magnitude of 7.6 killed 250,000 people
and injured 500,000more in Tangshan,
China.

27. GreatWorldDisasters of the 21st Century
January 12,2010
An earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0
struck Haiti that killed 100,000 to 160,000
people.

29. December26,2004
Probably one of the Deadliest
Earthquakes of magnitude 9.0 followed by
the deadliest Tsunami in the Indian Ocean
close to Indonesia. Tsunami triggered the
deaths of more than 230,000 individuals in
14 countries.

31. May 2, 2008
Cyclone Nargis was one of the deadliest,
worst natural disasters in the history of
Myanmar delivering a storm rush 40
kilometers up the thickly populated
Irrawaddy delta, leading to devastating
destructionplus atleast138,000 deaths.

33. October8, 2005
Kashmir Earthquake took place in Pakistani
region of Azad Kashmir with a magnitude of
7.6 and had an Mercalli intensity of 8
(Severe). Killed 100, 000 individuals and
more than 70, 000 injured and 4 million
individualsbecamehomeless.

35. March11,20111
Tohoku Earthquake hit Japan with a
magnitude of 9.0. Tsunami that triggers
waves of height up to 40 meters that killed
15, 889 people. Nearly 6,152 individuals
were injured plusmore than 2,600 had been
missing.

37. January 26,2001
Gujarat earthquake of a degree between
7.6 and 7.7 occurred. Nearly around 19, 727
individuals were killed plus 167,000 had
beeninjured.

39. Earthquakes
a naturallyinducedshaking ofthe
ground caused byfractureand sliding of
rocks within the earth’scrust.
is causedby volcaniceruption,change in
temperature,and changein the earth’scrust.

40. could lead further to tidal waves,
movements of the ground, or may lead to
separation of lands, collapse of buildings or
evenhuman structures,landslidesandfires.

41. The Severityof anEarthquakeis Expressed in
ThreeWays:
1. Magnitude
measuredby Richter Scale
is expressedin wholenumbersand
decimals,and varieslogarithmically.

42. Types ofMagnitude
a. 8 or more -great(tremendous
damage)
b. 7 –7.9 –major (widespread
damage)
c. 6–6.9 –large( severedamage)

43. d. 5 –5.9 –considerable
( moderatedamage)
e. 4 –4.9 –minor damage
f. 3 –3.9 –generallyfelt
g. 2 –2.9 - perceptible
h. Below2 - microearthquake

44. 2. Intensity
a measureof an earthquakeimpact
determinedby using aRossi–Forelscale
andMercalliscale
expressedin Roman Numerals

45. Intensity Scale
I. ScarcelyPerceptible
II. Slightly Felt
III. Weak
IV. ModeratelyStrong
V. Strong
VI. Very Strong
VII. Destructive

46. Intensity Scale
VIII.Very destructive
IX. Devastating
X. Completelydevastating
3. Damage or Loss ofLife and Property

47. Things ToDo ToAvoid/ Reducedamage/
Injury During an Earthquake
1. Thekey todisasterpreventionis planning.
2. Preparetheplaceof residencefor an event.

48. 3. Familiarizeyourself with your placeof work.
4. Keepall heavymaterialsin the lowerplaces.
5. Secureall hanging objectsthat may fall
during an earthquake.

49. Things To Do During An Earthquake
1. If you areindoors.Stayindoors.
2. If you are outside.Stay awayfrom buildings,
powerlines, chimneys,and anything elsethat
might fall on you.

50. 3. If you are driving. Stop driving,but be
careful.
4. If you are in amountainous area.Watchout
for fallingrocks, landslides,trees,and other
debris.
5. Donot panic.
6. Makea plan.

51. Thank You!