The Greenpeace Green Electronics Survey assessed the environmental performance of the "greenest" products submitted by electronics companies. Some key findings:
- Progress is being made in phasing out hazardous chemicals, but no desktop or notebook computers were entirely free of PVC or brominated flame retardants.
- Mobile phones are closer to being chemical-free, while TVs and monitors lead in use of recycled plastics.
- Products are meeting new energy efficiency standards, but energy data transparency remains an issue for some categories.
- Marketing of green attributes requires more emphasis from manufacturers.
The highest scoring product overall was the Lenovo L2440x widescreen monitor for having eliminated multiple toxic chemicals and using
E-waste is electronic and electrical trash that has increased with consumption of devices. Around 40 million metric tons are produced yearly, with only 13% recycled in developing countries. These countries receive 70% of e-waste from more developed areas, as recycling valuable materials like copper and gold is profitable. However, primitive recycling methods, like burning cables, expose workers to hazardous substances that accumulate in the environment and food chain, risking health problems especially for children.
E-waste refers to discarded electronic devices that are 95% recyclable but often end up in landfills or shipped overseas. When electronics are discarded without proper recycling, toxic metals from components can leak into groundwater and air pollution results from burning e-waste. The document encourages recycling e-waste to safely recover materials and avoid pollution, providing a link for disposing of old electronics and batteries.
The document discusses electrical and electronic waste (e-waste). It provides information on the sources of e-waste including individual households, businesses, manufacturers/retailers, imports, and the secondary market. It describes the categories of e-waste and the major components. The document also addresses the generation of e-waste in India, the associated environmental and health hazards of improper e-waste disposal, and the opportunities for recycling e-waste to recover valuable materials and promote green jobs.
Methods Of Safe And Clean Electronic Waste DisposalDan
Electronic waste disposal is a growing problem. Current methods like landfilling and incineration allow toxic materials in electronics like heavy metals to leach into the environment. Developing countries receiving exported e-waste also lack safe handling and environmental protections, putting workers and communities at risk. The document proposes redesigning electronics and disposal processes to simplify safe deconstruction and increase consumer education on proper disposal to help address the issues. Monitoring contamination levels before and after testing new methods could show if they successfully reduce environmental and health impacts.
This document compares e-waste management practices between India and the US. In the US, consumer recycling options exist like donating or sending electronics back to manufacturers. Many corporations also offer takeback and recycling programs open to the public. In India, the government should establish regulatory agencies and laws around e-waste. Industries should take responsibility for the waste they generate and ensure proper training for handlers. Both countries need improved practices to protect the environment from e-waste.
This presentation suggest reverse supply chain of safe disposal of e waste in India.It shows how the traditional disposal system of waste could be used in order to safe disposal of e waste and establish a reverse supply chain for different category of e waste.
E-waste consists of discarded electronic items like computers and appliances. India generates about 9 lakh tonnes of e-waste annually, which is often handled improperly. Exposure to e-waste can cause health issues since it contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, cadmium. Current disposal methods in India like acid baths are unsafe. Proper recycling and enforcement of e-waste laws is needed to protect both workers and the environment from e-waste.
E-waste is electronic and electrical trash that has increased with consumption of devices. Around 40 million metric tons are produced yearly, with only 13% recycled in developing countries. These countries receive 70% of e-waste from more developed areas, as recycling valuable materials like copper and gold is profitable. However, primitive recycling methods, like burning cables, expose workers to hazardous substances that accumulate in the environment and food chain, risking health problems especially for children.
E-waste refers to discarded electronic devices that are 95% recyclable but often end up in landfills or shipped overseas. When electronics are discarded without proper recycling, toxic metals from components can leak into groundwater and air pollution results from burning e-waste. The document encourages recycling e-waste to safely recover materials and avoid pollution, providing a link for disposing of old electronics and batteries.
The document discusses electrical and electronic waste (e-waste). It provides information on the sources of e-waste including individual households, businesses, manufacturers/retailers, imports, and the secondary market. It describes the categories of e-waste and the major components. The document also addresses the generation of e-waste in India, the associated environmental and health hazards of improper e-waste disposal, and the opportunities for recycling e-waste to recover valuable materials and promote green jobs.
Methods Of Safe And Clean Electronic Waste DisposalDan
Electronic waste disposal is a growing problem. Current methods like landfilling and incineration allow toxic materials in electronics like heavy metals to leach into the environment. Developing countries receiving exported e-waste also lack safe handling and environmental protections, putting workers and communities at risk. The document proposes redesigning electronics and disposal processes to simplify safe deconstruction and increase consumer education on proper disposal to help address the issues. Monitoring contamination levels before and after testing new methods could show if they successfully reduce environmental and health impacts.
This document compares e-waste management practices between India and the US. In the US, consumer recycling options exist like donating or sending electronics back to manufacturers. Many corporations also offer takeback and recycling programs open to the public. In India, the government should establish regulatory agencies and laws around e-waste. Industries should take responsibility for the waste they generate and ensure proper training for handlers. Both countries need improved practices to protect the environment from e-waste.
This presentation suggest reverse supply chain of safe disposal of e waste in India.It shows how the traditional disposal system of waste could be used in order to safe disposal of e waste and establish a reverse supply chain for different category of e waste.
E-waste consists of discarded electronic items like computers and appliances. India generates about 9 lakh tonnes of e-waste annually, which is often handled improperly. Exposure to e-waste can cause health issues since it contains toxic materials like lead, mercury, cadmium. Current disposal methods in India like acid baths are unsafe. Proper recycling and enforcement of e-waste laws is needed to protect both workers and the environment from e-waste.
This document discusses e-waste, which is defined as discarded electrical and electronic equipment. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams due to high obsolescence rates of electronics. E-waste contains toxic components like lead, cadmium, and mercury if improperly treated or discarded. Developed countries generate most e-waste but export it to developing countries in violation of international agreements. In India, e-waste is illegally imported and then crudely recycled, polluting the environment due to a lack of regulation. The document classifies e-waste and examines its composition and the health effects of some common toxic components like lead, cadmium, and mercury.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its impacts. It notes that e-waste is growing rapidly worldwide due to the electronics industry. E-waste contains toxic materials that can harm human health and the environment if not properly handled. The document outlines the composition of e-waste, sources of e-waste generation in India and globally, and the environmental and health hazards posed by e-waste, particularly from toxic materials like lead, mercury, and dioxins/furans released during improper recycling and disposal.
This document provides information about TES-AMM Corporation (China) Ltd, a company that specializes in electronic waste management. It discusses China's growing production of e-waste and the environmental and health issues related to improper recycling. It outlines the regulations China has implemented to strengthen e-waste recycling, including the establishment of a special fund and requirements for labeling and qualified recyclers. The document also describes TES-AMM's global network of recycling facilities and provides details on some of its key sites in China.
E-waste refers to discarded electrical and electronic equipment. There is no universally agreed upon definition of e-waste, but it generally includes outdated or broken electronic devices such as computers, televisions, cell phones, and other appliances. E-waste is considered a global issue due to the large and growing volumes being produced, the presence of toxic substances in many devices, and poor recycling and disposal practices internationally, especially in developing countries.
E-waste refers to electronic devices that are discarded after becoming obsolete or non-functional. An estimated 50 million tons of e-waste are produced each year, with only 15-20% recycled. Common sources of e-waste include computers, phones, TVs, and other electronics from homes, hospitals, government offices, and private businesses. While some e-waste is reused or repaired, most ends up in landfills or is improperly exported, where workers often handle it unsafely without protections. Proper e-waste recycling has benefits like recovering materials, reducing landfill use, and creating jobs, but current practices of disposal can contaminate the environment due to toxic chemicals in electronics. Stricter regulations and
In this research paper, researcher has tried to focus on What is present scenario of E waste management in India & What are the procedures and methods used in its handling?
This document provides an overview of e-waste (electronic waste), including:
- E-waste is a growing problem globally and in India due to rapid changes in technology.
- Informal recycling of e-waste dominates in India and poses major health and environmental hazards due to unsafe practices and exposure to toxic materials.
- International agreements and national regulations in India have been established to better manage e-waste, but challenges remain around enforcement and formalization of the recycling industry.
I know there are number of slides for this topic but i have summarized many of them in this one. This is very hot topic in colleges and you should keep a copy because you may get this as your next assignment.
E waste recyclers is e-waste management company in India. Our e-waste recycling company recycles electronic and electrical waste, toner cartridge or anything that runs on electricity or battery. We also provide you data destruction certificate
This document discusses e-waste management. It defines e-waste as obsolete electronic devices, outlines its various components and generators. E-waste is growing rapidly due to technology obsolescence and contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium and mercury. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using dangerous practices, while formal recycling is increasing. Effective e-waste management requires an integrated approach between informal and formal sectors along with policies, collection systems and public awareness.
The following PPT is about E Waste and its threat that India is facing. Since today the use of electronic goods have been increasing at a very high rate but at the same time waste of such electronics goods is also increasing. These waste cannot be dumped and the following PPT deals with the problems that we are going to face.
This document outlines e-waste management in India. It defines e-waste as electronics that are no longer usable or have reached the end of their useful life. E-waste is categorized into information technology equipment and consumer electronics. Major stakeholders in e-waste management include producers, consumers, and regulatory authorities. The document discusses health hazards of e-waste, concerns around improper disposal, and the regulatory framework for e-waste in India.
Report on e-waste management & recyclingGovindmeena93
The document provides an overview of e-waste (electronic waste) in India. It discusses that e-waste is a growing problem due to rapid technological changes and the growing consumption of electronic devices. It notes that e-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can harm human health and the environment if not properly disposed of. It also discusses the different sources of e-waste in India like households, businesses, manufacturers, and imports. Common methods for managing e-waste mentioned are landfilling, incineration, and recycling, each with their own environmental risks if not carried out properly. The document emphasizes the need for better e-waste management policies and practices in India to deal with the
This presentation discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its impacts. It begins with an introduction to e-waste, defining it as electronic appliances such as computers, phones, and TVs that are disposed of by their original users. It then outlines the impacts of e-waste, such as the release of toxic materials like lead and dioxins when e-waste is burned. The presentation notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and discusses the problems associated with improper e-waste disposal and management in India. It concludes by stressing the importance of creating a national framework for environmentally sound e-waste management through public awareness, detailed inventories, and pilot collection/recycling schemes.
E-waste is the fastest growing waste stream in the world due to rapid technological advances and planned obsolescence. In India, approximately 1.7 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2014, making it one of the largest generators of e-waste globally. However, only 3% of e-waste in India is properly recycled due to the presence of toxic metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can cause damage to human health and the environment if not handled correctly. Initiatives like the CLEAN e-INDIA program aim to establish responsible e-waste collection and recycling practices to help make India e-waste free.
E-Waste Management and Sustainability through R3Shailaja Sampat
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) in Ahmedabad, India and proposes potential solutions. It reports on research conducted on e-waste generation and management practices at a local college and in the city. The document proposes initiatives for e-waste collection and awareness campaigns, and explores using a "SmartBin" system and private recycling companies to improve e-waste management.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It notes that India generates close to 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to reach 1 million tons by 2011. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can cause environmental pollution and health issues if not disposed of properly. Most of India's e-waste is currently handled by the informal sector using unsafe recycling methods like open burning, which needs to be addressed.
E-waste is a major concern in today's world. It is AN ENVIRONMENT KILLER..!!. Its management is also of great importance. By Advait Vijay Mane, Mumbai, India.
Electronic waste is a growing problem around the world. Greenpeace warns of large amounts of e-waste in the Philippines that poses health and environmental risks if not disposed of properly. Pictures show electronic scraps in Manila dump sites and computer monitors awaiting purchase from scrap dealers.
This document discusses green electronics and e-waste management. It begins by defining green electronics as emphasizing the elimination of harmful substances in electronics and proper disposal of electronic waste. It then discusses how e-waste is generated, the hazardous substances it contains, and common methods of e-waste disposal including incineration, landfilling, and recycling. Statistics on e-waste amounts and export locations are also mentioned. The document highlights advantages like a healthier environment from proper e-waste handling and disadvantages like pollution if not disposed of correctly. It stresses the importance of sustainable e-waste practices.
This document discusses e-waste, which is defined as discarded electrical and electronic equipment. It notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams due to high obsolescence rates of electronics. E-waste contains toxic components like lead, cadmium, and mercury if improperly treated or discarded. Developed countries generate most e-waste but export it to developing countries in violation of international agreements. In India, e-waste is illegally imported and then crudely recycled, polluting the environment due to a lack of regulation. The document classifies e-waste and examines its composition and the health effects of some common toxic components like lead, cadmium, and mercury.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its impacts. It notes that e-waste is growing rapidly worldwide due to the electronics industry. E-waste contains toxic materials that can harm human health and the environment if not properly handled. The document outlines the composition of e-waste, sources of e-waste generation in India and globally, and the environmental and health hazards posed by e-waste, particularly from toxic materials like lead, mercury, and dioxins/furans released during improper recycling and disposal.
This document provides information about TES-AMM Corporation (China) Ltd, a company that specializes in electronic waste management. It discusses China's growing production of e-waste and the environmental and health issues related to improper recycling. It outlines the regulations China has implemented to strengthen e-waste recycling, including the establishment of a special fund and requirements for labeling and qualified recyclers. The document also describes TES-AMM's global network of recycling facilities and provides details on some of its key sites in China.
E-waste refers to discarded electrical and electronic equipment. There is no universally agreed upon definition of e-waste, but it generally includes outdated or broken electronic devices such as computers, televisions, cell phones, and other appliances. E-waste is considered a global issue due to the large and growing volumes being produced, the presence of toxic substances in many devices, and poor recycling and disposal practices internationally, especially in developing countries.
E-waste refers to electronic devices that are discarded after becoming obsolete or non-functional. An estimated 50 million tons of e-waste are produced each year, with only 15-20% recycled. Common sources of e-waste include computers, phones, TVs, and other electronics from homes, hospitals, government offices, and private businesses. While some e-waste is reused or repaired, most ends up in landfills or is improperly exported, where workers often handle it unsafely without protections. Proper e-waste recycling has benefits like recovering materials, reducing landfill use, and creating jobs, but current practices of disposal can contaminate the environment due to toxic chemicals in electronics. Stricter regulations and
In this research paper, researcher has tried to focus on What is present scenario of E waste management in India & What are the procedures and methods used in its handling?
This document provides an overview of e-waste (electronic waste), including:
- E-waste is a growing problem globally and in India due to rapid changes in technology.
- Informal recycling of e-waste dominates in India and poses major health and environmental hazards due to unsafe practices and exposure to toxic materials.
- International agreements and national regulations in India have been established to better manage e-waste, but challenges remain around enforcement and formalization of the recycling industry.
I know there are number of slides for this topic but i have summarized many of them in this one. This is very hot topic in colleges and you should keep a copy because you may get this as your next assignment.
E waste recyclers is e-waste management company in India. Our e-waste recycling company recycles electronic and electrical waste, toner cartridge or anything that runs on electricity or battery. We also provide you data destruction certificate
This document discusses e-waste management. It defines e-waste as obsolete electronic devices, outlines its various components and generators. E-waste is growing rapidly due to technology obsolescence and contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium and mercury. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using dangerous practices, while formal recycling is increasing. Effective e-waste management requires an integrated approach between informal and formal sectors along with policies, collection systems and public awareness.
The following PPT is about E Waste and its threat that India is facing. Since today the use of electronic goods have been increasing at a very high rate but at the same time waste of such electronics goods is also increasing. These waste cannot be dumped and the following PPT deals with the problems that we are going to face.
This document outlines e-waste management in India. It defines e-waste as electronics that are no longer usable or have reached the end of their useful life. E-waste is categorized into information technology equipment and consumer electronics. Major stakeholders in e-waste management include producers, consumers, and regulatory authorities. The document discusses health hazards of e-waste, concerns around improper disposal, and the regulatory framework for e-waste in India.
Report on e-waste management & recyclingGovindmeena93
The document provides an overview of e-waste (electronic waste) in India. It discusses that e-waste is a growing problem due to rapid technological changes and the growing consumption of electronic devices. It notes that e-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can harm human health and the environment if not properly disposed of. It also discusses the different sources of e-waste in India like households, businesses, manufacturers, and imports. Common methods for managing e-waste mentioned are landfilling, incineration, and recycling, each with their own environmental risks if not carried out properly. The document emphasizes the need for better e-waste management policies and practices in India to deal with the
This presentation discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its impacts. It begins with an introduction to e-waste, defining it as electronic appliances such as computers, phones, and TVs that are disposed of by their original users. It then outlines the impacts of e-waste, such as the release of toxic materials like lead and dioxins when e-waste is burned. The presentation notes that e-waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams and discusses the problems associated with improper e-waste disposal and management in India. It concludes by stressing the importance of creating a national framework for environmentally sound e-waste management through public awareness, detailed inventories, and pilot collection/recycling schemes.
E-waste is the fastest growing waste stream in the world due to rapid technological advances and planned obsolescence. In India, approximately 1.7 million tons of e-waste was generated in 2014, making it one of the largest generators of e-waste globally. However, only 3% of e-waste in India is properly recycled due to the presence of toxic metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can cause damage to human health and the environment if not handled correctly. Initiatives like the CLEAN e-INDIA program aim to establish responsible e-waste collection and recycling practices to help make India e-waste free.
E-Waste Management and Sustainability through R3Shailaja Sampat
The document discusses the growing problem of electronic waste (e-waste) in Ahmedabad, India and proposes potential solutions. It reports on research conducted on e-waste generation and management practices at a local college and in the city. The document proposes initiatives for e-waste collection and awareness campaigns, and explores using a "SmartBin" system and private recycling companies to improve e-waste management.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) and its management. It notes that India generates close to 500,000 tons of e-waste per year, which is expected to reach 1 million tons by 2011. E-waste contains toxic heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium which can cause environmental pollution and health issues if not disposed of properly. Most of India's e-waste is currently handled by the informal sector using unsafe recycling methods like open burning, which needs to be addressed.
E-waste is a major concern in today's world. It is AN ENVIRONMENT KILLER..!!. Its management is also of great importance. By Advait Vijay Mane, Mumbai, India.
Electronic waste is a growing problem around the world. Greenpeace warns of large amounts of e-waste in the Philippines that poses health and environmental risks if not disposed of properly. Pictures show electronic scraps in Manila dump sites and computer monitors awaiting purchase from scrap dealers.
This document discusses green electronics and e-waste management. It begins by defining green electronics as emphasizing the elimination of harmful substances in electronics and proper disposal of electronic waste. It then discusses how e-waste is generated, the hazardous substances it contains, and common methods of e-waste disposal including incineration, landfilling, and recycling. Statistics on e-waste amounts and export locations are also mentioned. The document highlights advantages like a healthier environment from proper e-waste handling and disadvantages like pollution if not disposed of correctly. It stresses the importance of sustainable e-waste practices.
Plenary lecture - XV B-MRS Meeting - Campinas, SP, Brazil - September, 25 to 29, 2016.
Author: Elvira Fortunato (CENIMAT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal).
Greenpeace CES 2009 Green Electronics Presentationcherylcontee
Casey Harrell, Toxics Campaigner for Greenpeace International, speaks about the successful green electronics press conference at CES 2009 on January 9. More info at http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/green-gadgets-the-search-con
E-waste refers to improperly disposed electronics. Rapid development of new electronics and disposal of old ones has created a large problem, as recycling in places like rural China leads to toxic materials seeping into the environment. One example is Guiyu, China, which has become a center for e-waste recycling, with waste recycling areas being a focal point for toxic poisoning impacting human development and the surrounding environment. Toxins from e-waste like lead, cadmium, mercury, and plastics contaminate water and land, threatening human health and the environment. Efforts are underway to combat e-waste dumping internationally and reduce e-waste through individual actions like recycling electronics and purchasing less toxic devices.
The document discusses green technology and provides examples of green buildings and companies. It defines green technology as technologies that reduce environmental impact, such as green nanotechnology and LED lights. It then discusses famous green buildings around the world, including the Bank of America Tower in New York and Ambani Residence in India. Next, it covers green IT and energy, providing examples of green initiatives from companies like Nokia, Intel, Cisco, and Dell. It concludes by listing actions individuals can take to help the environment.
A complete PPT on E-Waste.
PPT: E-waste or Electronic Waste is the inevitable by-product of a technological revolution. Driven primarily by faster, smaller and cheaper microchip technology, society is experiencing an evolution in the capability of electronic appliances and personal electronics.E-waste is the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. It is a crisis of not quantity alone but also a crisis born from toxic ingredients, posing a threat to the occupational health as well as the environment.
Visit www.topicsforseminar.com to Download
This document discusses electronic waste (e-waste), its sources and characteristics. It notes that e-waste is the fastest growing waste stream and is composed of both valuable and hazardous materials. The document outlines the Indian e-waste scenario, noting that e-waste generation is expected to significantly increase by 2020 and that most e-waste management is currently unorganized. It concludes by stressing the need for a national e-waste policy and framework in India to properly manage increasing e-waste in an environmentally sound manner.
This document summarizes several methods for treating and disposing of e-waste:
1) Incineration reduces waste volume by burning e-waste at high temperatures, but releases hazardous emissions like cadmium and mercury.
2) Reuse involves slight modification of still-functioning electronics like computers and refilling inkjet cartridges to reduce waste generation.
3) Landfilling buries e-waste in trenches, but heavy metals can leach into soil and groundwater over time.
This document discusses e-waste and its management. It defines e-waste as obsolete electronic equipment like computers, TVs, and cell phones. E-waste is a growing problem due to the toxins it contains and risks of improper disposal. When e-waste is burned or dumped, its components like lead, mercury, and flame retardants can pollute the environment and harm human health. However, e-waste also contains valuable materials that can be recovered through formal recycling. Proper e-waste management and recycling can help address this issue in a more sustainable manner.
E-waste refers to electronic products that are near or at the end of their useful life. It contains toxic materials like lead, cadmium, and mercury that can harm the environment and human health. The amount of e-waste is increasing rapidly as electronics usage grows. Most e-waste in India is handled by the informal sector using unsafe methods. Proper e-waste management includes collection, sorting, recycling, and treatment to safely handle toxins. The government is working with organizations and implementing regulations, but increased awareness and producer responsibility are still needed to address this challenging waste stream.
Green technology, also known as environmental technology or clean technology, applies environmental science, green chemistry, and electronic monitoring devices to monitor the environment, curb human impacts, and promote sustainable resource management. It includes technologies like solar and wind power that generate sustainable energy. The 11th Five-Year Plan in India set objectives like increasing forest cover, improving air quality, treating urban wastewater, and boosting energy efficiency. Various laws support green technology in India. Key branches of green technology include green chemistry, green energy, green IT, green building, and green nanotechnology.
The document discusses electronic waste (e-waste) management trends and technologies. It covers:
1) What e-waste is, why it is a growing problem, and the toxic components commonly found in e-waste.
2) Why e-waste prioritization is important today given rapidly growing waste streams and environmental/health concerns from improper disposal.
3) The need for national e-waste legislation in countries like Kenya to help formalize recycling processes and measure success over time.
4) Challenges like complex device designs that make separation of materials difficult, as well as lack of awareness about e-waste issues.
The presentation aims to educate about global e-waste trends and
The document discusses recent trends in green technology. It defines green technology as technology that is environmentally friendly and conserves natural resources. It describes various goals of green technology such as reducing waste and energy consumption, recycling materials, and generating renewable energy from sources like solar, wind and water. The document also discusses different branches of green technology including green chemistry, green energy, green IT, and green building.
Green technology encompasses methods and materials for more sustainable energy generation, pollution reduction, and green building practices. It aims to meet society's needs indefinitely without damaging resources by innovating alternatives to fossil fuels and chemical-intensive processes. Key aspects include source reduction to cut waste and pollution, developing renewable energy and efficiency solutions, using non-toxic materials in green building and chemistry, and sustainably meeting needs over generations.
This seminar report discusses green technology and its goals. Green technology aims to conserve natural resources and the environment through sustainable practices like rethinking resource usage, recycling waste, renewing energy sources, reducing consumption and taking responsibility. The report outlines different types of green technology including green energy, green building, green purchasing, green chemistry and green nanotechnology. It provides examples like how green buildings can save on energy and water usage. The conclusion is that while green technology has challenges, continued efforts are needed to address issues like global warming and energy shortages through solutions offered by green technology.
Green technology aims to reduce environmental impact through sustainable practices like conservation of resources and use of renewable energy. Its goals include reducing waste and energy usage, increasing recycling, and renewing focus on cleaner energy sources like wind, solar and biofuels. Case studies show how green building standards have been implemented in projects like the BC Cancer Research Centre to significantly cut energy and water usage. Singapore has also promoted sustainable construction through initiatives like the BCA Green Mark rating system and intelligent buildings such as the National Library.
Green Electronics and Sustainability: Key Business Imperatives for the 21st C...T. R. Ramachandran
The key to green electronics is creating products that can be designed, manufactured and utilized in a sustainable manner without causing significant negative environmental, social and economic consequences. Over the last decade and more, leading companies across the world have started to embrace sustainability as a key operating goal, recognizing that such practices also provide them long term financial benefits. The topic of sustainability is introduced here through the lens of major global driving forces such as greenhouse gas emissions/climate change, pollution/contamination, restricted substances, energy consumption/efficiency, waste/recycling, conflict minerals, and supply chain transparency. Numerous industry, governmental, and non-governmental bodies have developed guidelines and requirements to drive sustainable practices throughout the global supply chain of the electronics industry. An overview of these requirements is provided along with a snapshot of how leading electronics and tech companies are adapting to them and driving sustainability into their product development process and manufacturing operations. Finally, the potential savings and benefits of sustainability practices are discussed, along with implementation challenges & recommendations.
This document outlines 10 green business opportunities for new entrepreneurs: 1) healthy local food, 2) renewable energy/job training, 3) green transportation, 4) green products/retail, 5) green cleaning services, 6) reuse businesses, 7) energy-efficient homes/retrofits, 8) green landscaping/plumbing, 9) green IT, and 10) community lending/microfinancing. It discusses how small businesses can drive environmental and economic recovery by addressing social and environmental challenges through innovative business models.
The document discusses 10 green business ideas for new entrepreneurs, including opportunities in the healthy local food movement, renewable energy, green transportation, green products, green cleaning services, reuse, energy efficient homes, green landscaping, green IT, and green microfinancing. It notes that green business is going mainstream and has the potential to drive innovation and economic recovery while addressing environmental challenges. Examples of successful green businesses like The Garden Project and Burgerville are provided.
This document outlines 10 green business opportunities for new entrepreneurs, including: 1) the healthy, local food movement; 2) renewable energy alternatives and green job training; 3) green transportation; 4) green product innovation and retail; 5) green cleaning services; 6) reuse and recycling businesses; 7) energy efficient homes and retrofits; 8) green landscaping and plumbing; 9) green IT; and 10) community lending and microfinancing. It notes that small businesses provide the majority of US jobs and that recessions often spur new businesses, making green entrepreneurship a way to address both economic and environmental challenges. The document aims to inspire readers to start their own green businesses.
Chapter 6 Running Case Assignment Improving Decision MakingWilheminaRossi174
Chapter 6 Running Case Assignment: Improving Decision Making:
Redesigning the Customer Database
Software skills: Database design; querying and reporting
Business skills: Customer profiling
Dirt Bikes U.S.A. sells primarily through its distributors. It maintains a
small customer database with the following data: customer name, address
(street, city, state, zip code), telephone number, model purchased, date of
purchase, and distributor. These data are collected by its distributors when
they make a sale and are then forwarded to Dirt Bikes. Dirt Bikes would like
to be able to market more aggressively to its customers.
The Marketing Department would like to be able to send customers e-
mail notices of special racing events and of sales on parts. It would also like
to learn more about customers’ interests and tastes: their ages, years of
schooling, another sport in which they are interested, and whether they
attend dirt bike racing events. Additionally, Dirt Bikes would like to know
whether customers own more than one motorcycle. (Some Dirt Bikes
customers own two or three motorcycles purchased from Dirt Bikes U.S.A.
or other manufacturer.) If a motorcycle was purchased from Dirt Bikes, the
company would like to know the date of purchase, model purchased, and
distributor. If the customer owns a non–Dirt Bikes motorcycle, the company
would like to know the manufacturer and model of the other motorcycle (or
motorcycles) and the distributor from whom the customer purchased that
motorcycle. Dirt Bikes’s customer database was redesigned so that it can
store and provide the information needed for marketing.
Case Questions:
Develop the following queries and reports that would be of great interest to
Dirt Bikes’s marketing and sales department.
1- Create a report of customers and motorcycles model grouped by
manufacturer.
2- Create a query about Dirt Bikes customers who attend racing events.
3- Create a query of the customers who have more than 12 years of
education.
Part 1
This is an individual assignment. Read the recent research article "Biochar Wastewater Treatment 2020." Prepare a 2-3 paragraph response for the following:
What are the main points of the article? How can it connect to scouring wool washing discussions for the wool industry? How can this technique be used more broadly in the apparel industry? Refer to the book Raw Material and Sustainability & Social Change in Fashion to develop your response. Provide key citations in APA format.
Part 2
After reading Raw Material Ch. 11- 15 (p. 138- 213), what are the main points that resonated with you? How does this connect with broader discussions about sustainable fashion in the book Sustainability & Social Change in Fashion?
lable at ScienceDirect
Chemosphere 252 (2020) 126539
Contents lists avai
Chemosphere
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemosphere
Review
Biochar technology in wastewater treatme ...
This comprehensive guide from the Department of Energy will answer your questions about purchasing renewable energy for your home, business, non-profit, or government agency. Includes clear diagrams, charts, and useful anecdotes.
Preliminary Study for Exergetic Analysis on Sugar Production in Tanzania the ...Patrick VanSchijndel
Tanzania is striving to reach the levels of economic well being which the developed countries have achieved. However, the industrial development as was undertaken by the first world countries would be catastrophic for the environment. Therefore this study focussed on how to combine economic growth with sustainable development.
Due to the bad condition in which some of the equipment at TPC was, it proved not to be possible to map all the energetic difficulties at the factory. Though, it was possible to address the main bottlenecks of the process and suggestions for improvement were done. However, improving the course of the process is not sufficient to improve the sustainability of the factory. Non-technical aspects, like behaviour of operators and management can also do one's bit for a more reliable, time and cost efficient and less polluting factory. Of course this will inevitably ask for investments.
Despite the fact that some well-intentioned criticism is uttered in this report, TPC seems to have the power to survive, as it did for the past 65 years. If TPC’s new owner deals with the factory’s bottlenecks and takes the issues dealt with in this report to hart, the future of TPC looks promising.
Agenția Internațională a Energiei Regenrabile a anunțat recent că prețurile energiei regenerabile vor deveni competitive în următorii doi ani. Potrivit experților IRENA, până în 2020, vom plăti mai puțin pe orice formă de energie regenerabilă decât pe energia obținută prin arderea combustibililor fosili.
This document provides environmental guidelines for the textile dyeing and finishing industry in Victoria, Australia. It was developed by the Environment Protection Authority in consultation with the industry and endorsed by it. The guidelines cover statutory requirements, waste minimization, and environmental elements to consider like siting facilities, air and water quality, chemical storage, solid waste handling, and noise reduction. The goal is to define best practice environmental management for the industry to improve its environmental performance.
This document provides an introduction to seafood traceability for the U.S. industry. It discusses the legal basis and requirements for traceability in the U.S. and major export markets. It also defines common traceability terms and describes how a traceability system could be implemented in the North Carolina seafood industry supply chain. The document was authored by Arni Petersen, a visiting scholar from Denmark with seafood traceability experience, and David Green, a professor and seafood specialist at North Carolina State University.
The document presents the myEcoCost project, which aims to develop a novel global environmental accounting system to address the lack of reliable life cycle data. It describes the myEcoCost vision of creating a collaborative network of nodes that can efficiently generate real-time life cycle data for products and supply chains. The project has demonstrated a prototype that automates the generation of life cycle data. The document outlines the key elements of the myEcoCost solution, including linking it to financial accounting, using IT to enable a global technical solution, and communicating ecoCosts to consumers. It concludes by discussing future potential applications and options for scaling up the system.
This document provides an executive summary of a report on monitoring environmental performance indicators of the paper industry. It discusses four key goals for transforming the industry: minimizing paper consumption, maximizing recycled content, responsibly sourcing fiber, and employing cleaner production practices. It then summarizes some of the environmental impacts of the paper industry, such as contributing to climate change through forest harvesting, manufacturing emissions, and landfill methane from disposed paper. The summary also discusses trends in recycled content and barriers to increasing recycled paper supply to meet growing demand.
This document provides an introduction to digital business ecosystems, including:
- It discusses the roots and development of digital business ecosystems as a concept originating from efforts to promote an information society and knowledge-based economy in Europe.
- It recognizes that businesses require new technologies, applications, and services to enable networked and collaborative operations in the knowledge-based economy.
- The document presents research on digital business ecosystems funded through European Commission projects, exploring technologies, economic and social aspects, case studies, and more.
Global Advertising Specialties Impression Study - 2014 Edition
A cost analysis of promotional products versus other advertising media released at the 2014 ASI Power Summit.
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This document provides a summary of an international review of waste management policy conducted for the Irish Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. The review was led by Eunomia Research & Consulting and involved experts from Ireland, Belgium, Germany, Austria, and Italy. The review aims to identify policy changes to help Ireland move towards more sustainable resource and waste management, including reducing waste creation and increasing reuse and recycling. The summary report outlines the review's objectives, scope, approach, key issues for Ireland, policy recommendations, and expected results of implementing the recommendations.
This document analyzes the popularity and effectiveness of promotional products versus other forms of advertising. It summarizes the results of a global study conducted with over 100,000 consumers. The study found that promotional products have high ownership rates around the world. In the US, t-shirts were the most commonly owned product at 58%, followed by drinkware at 53% and writing instruments at 50%. Internationally, t-shirts and caps/headwear were also very popular. The document concludes that promotional products provide excellent brand exposure and impressions at a lower cost than traditional advertising methods.
This document analyzes the popularity and effectiveness of promotional products versus other forms of advertising. It provides data from a survey of over 100,000 consumers in the United States about their ownership and impressions of various promotional items. The top three most commonly owned products are t-shirts, drinkware, and writing instruments. The document also examines which products have the greatest impact and influence on consumers in different states and demographics. It finds that promotional products generate positive feelings and have high brand recall rates, making them a cost-effective advertising channel.
This document analyzes the popularity and effectiveness of promotional products versus other forms of advertising. It summarizes the results of a global study conducted with over 100,000 consumers. The study found that promotional products have high ownership rates around the world. In the US, t-shirts were the most commonly owned product at 58%, followed by drinkware at 53% and writing instruments at 50%. Internationally, t-shirts and caps/headwear were also very popular. The document concludes that promotional products provide excellent brand exposure and impressions at a lower cost than traditional advertising methods.
Community Food Project How to Guide
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4. Protection Agency. Points were also given for a number of
Unfortunately not all companies invited took the opportunity to other areas such as providing detailed power consumption data
showcase the environmental performance of their products. to consumers.
The companies that refused to take part in the survey were:
• Product lifecycle, including criteria such as recyclability rate and
Apple, Asus, Microsoft, Nintendo, Palm and Philips use of recycled plastic in the product. Long warranty periods and
Because Microsoft and Nintendo opted not to take part in the good take-back programmes were also rewarded.
survey, and only Sony submitted game consoles for review, it
• Availability of data that enables assessment of the energy taken
has not been possible to rank game consoles.
to manufacture the products as well as special innovations that
In addition to desktop and notebook computers, mobile help to reduce the total burden on the environment.
phones and smart phones, which were also assessed in 2007,
the categories of LCD and plasma screen televisions and LCD A maximum of 100 points could be reached. The total points for each
computer monitors have been included in this edition. In total product were adjusted to a possible top score of ten. Because the
we received 50 products from 15 companies. assessment criteria are often specific to a product category i.e. laptops
are not compared with mobile phones, etc, comparisons are only
possible within a product category. In addition one product category
The Green Electronics Survey scoring higher than another is not an indication of an overall better
environmental performance of that product category.
The principles behind this year’s survey were the same as last year’s:
leading manufacturers were directly invited to submit their greenest The criteria are by-and-large the same as those used in 2007. However,
products via an assessment form that was sent to them. In addition, small changes have been made due to new criteria being added to
the forms were published on the Greenpeace website and other forums reflect the rapidly changing nature of consumer electronics design. In
to enable smaller manufacturers to participate as well. Each company addition, there have been changes in international standards such as
was allowed to submit three products per product category, which those for energy efficiency, and these have been reflected in the survey.
we then assessed and scored against our criteria. To make certain Therefore, this year’s results cannot be directly compared with the
that the survey was as up-to-date as possible upon its publication, we results from 2007.
also offered companies the opportunity to submit products that, while
unreleased at the time we contacted them, would be on the market by Main findings
1 January 2009. If a company submitted more than one product in a
category we chose the highest-scoring device for inclusion in the report. The electronics industry continues to make progress in putting
Once assessments were completed, companies were invited to review products on the market with reduced environmental impacts, and this
them to ensure accurate product information. is confirmed by the results of Greenpeace’s 2008 Green Electronics
Survey. In addition to the overall improvement in the year since the
The products submitted were assessed against four broad groups first Greenpeace survey, the product scores are increasingly closer
of criteria: together, suggesting a more competitive environment in a ‘race to the
top’ to produce truly green products. There are a number of findings
• Use of hazardous chemical substances, including polyvinyl that underline this trend, but also significant shortcomings in certain
chloride (PVC), brominated flame retardants (BFRs), antimony, practices.
phthalates, beryllium and a number of other chemicals.
• Progress continues with regards to phasing out the use of
• Power consumption of the products, assessed by comparing hazardous chemicals. More products are PVC-free than in the
them with the Energy Star standards of the US Environmental previous year’s survey and fewer RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous
Substances) exemptions are being used by the manufacturers.
l Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008
6. Summary of results Rank Model Points
Desktop computers 1 Toshiba Portege R600 5.57
Lenovo takes first place with its ThinkCentre 58/58p model; last 2 Hewlett Packard Elitebook 2530p 5.48
year, Lenovo’s product had the lowest score of all submitted
3 Lenovo X300 4.68
desktop computers. The Fujitsu Siemens Esprimo E7935 E-Star 4
is only one-tenth of a point behind in second place. The products 4 Dell Latitude E-4200 4.41
submitted by Dell and Hewlett Packard did not reach the 5 points 5 Sony VGN-Z11WN/B 4.20
half-way mark, and Acer, who did not take part in the survey
6 Panasonic CF-W7 3.80
last year, scored well below 4 points and finds itself in last place.
Unfortunately, no desktop (or notebook) computer submitted is 7 Acer TravelMate 6293 3.44
entirely PVC or BFR-free, which means that computers still lag
behind other product categories when it comes to the use of
hazardous chemicals. Mobile phones
All the mobile phones submitted to the survey score within one
Rank Model Points point of each other, but the lead goes to the Samsung SGH-F268.
The Motorola V9 and Nokia 3110 Evolve are ranked second and
1 Lenovo ThinkCentre 58/M58p 5.88
third respectively, with only one-tenth of a point separating them,
2 Fujitsu Siemens Esprimo E7935 E-Star 4 5.73 while the Sony Ericsson C905 and LG KT520 stay just short of
the half-way 5 points mark – this is still less than one point behind
3 Dell Studio Hybrid 4.86
the leader. A major step has been made in the use of chemicals,
4 Hewlett Packard dc7900e USDT 4.73 with all but the LG phone claiming to be PVC-free and Samsung’s
5 Acer Veriton M678G 3.31 phone being free of BFRs, well below the commonly used so-
called ‘halogen-free’ industry limit of 900ppm bromine.
Notebook computers Rank Model Points
Toshiba takes the top spot with its Portege R600, beating 1 Samsung SGH-F268 5.45
Hewlett Packard’s Elitebook 2530p by a narrow margin. While
2 Motorola MOTORAZR V9 5.20
the Hewlett Packard product scores much higher in the lifecycle
category, Toshiba is ahead of everyone else when it comes to the 3 Nokia 3110 Evolve 5.00
elimination of toxic chemicals. These are the only products that score
4 Sony Ericsson C905 4.88
above 5 points out of a maximum possible 10. The Lenovo X300 is
in third place, followed by the Dell Latitude E-4200. Sony, which last 5 LG KT520 4.61
year had the highest-scoring product in this category, is ranked fifth.
Neither Panasonic’s or Acer’s reached the 4 points mark.
6 l Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008
9. Our second survey showed companies making significant It is disappointing that Apple has, for a second year running,
improvements over the last year while also leaving significant decided not to take part in this survey, especially since its new
scope for further gains. Taking the top scores within each line-up of MacBooks, with drastic PVC and BFR reduction and
criteria and product category, a pathway to the design of truly high energy efficiency, could have scored well.
green electronics products becomes clear. Companies are still
achieving piecemeal improvements but this need not be the case Phase out use of PVC and BFRs in consumer electronic
– for example, using the technologies employed by the current products. In our 2008 survey, we see more products reducing
market leaders and thus combining the best characteristics of their uses of hazardous PVC and BFRs and a number moving
the submitted desktop products, a significantly greener product towards becoming PVC and BFR-free. It’s imperative that
could already be on the market, and a score of well over 7 points designing out these toxic chemicals continues; it will have a
in this survey could be achievable. On top of this, since several positive environmental impact and create financial incentives for
companies now have clear phase-out dates for PVC and BFRs for companies to take responsibility for their waste.
their entire product range their potential score could be pushed
Go beyond RoHS exemptions. The use of RoHS exemptions
above 8 points. Now is the time for manufacturers to combine
was seen to decrease in the 2008 survey. Companies are proving,
their best green practices and put them forth in complete and
with increasing frequency, that they no longer need RoHS
integrated fashion into the marketplace.
exemptions to make successful, highly-functional and profitable
consumer electronics. Greenpeace has compiled a long list of
Designing out toxic chemicals products offering alternatives for each of the RoHS exemptions
Significant gains have been made on the reduction of hazardous (see http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/assets/
chemicals since the first survey commissioned in 2007. The binaries/ngo-rohs-submission.pdf)
number of RoHS exemptions used by companies decreased; it
Strengthen the RoHS list. RoHS currently only regulates a
has become commonplace to see products, especially mobile
limited list of hazardous chemicals while the list of products or
phones, use only two or three RoHS exemptions (see Annex 1
components that avoid the use of additional hazardous chemicals
for a fuller explanation of RoHS exemptions). A total of six mobile
(PVC, BFRs, antimony, phthalates and beryllium), as seen in the
phones and smartphone/PDAs were PVC ‘free’, although most
2008 survey, continues to grow. More and more often producers
used an unacceptably high threshold of 900ppm for chlorine and
and their component and material suppliers are designing new
bromine. Key mobile products (the Motorola Razr V9 and the
models in anticipation of these chemicals being included in an
Samsung F268) showed that it is possible to eliminate levels of
revised RoHS Directive; it is high time to strengthen the list so that
hazardous PVC and BFRs, respectively, to much lower threshold
it reflects the market’s readiness to comply and levels the playing
levels. The survey also witnessed the first product introduced
field for the industry leaders.
to the marketplace that is PVC, BFR, antimony, beryllium and
phthalate free – the Lenovo L2440x widescreen monitor. Make ‘free’ mean ‘free’. Industry standards for ‘halogen-free’
commonly allow use of bromine (in BFRs) and chlorine (in PVC),
Sadly, there is still no notebook manufacturer that manages to
creating an unnecessary loophole that allows for the formation
produce PVC and BFR-free products at the time of the survey. A
of toxic chemicals including halogenated dioxins under some
number of companies have announced they will phase out use of
recycling and disposal operations, especially open burning. For
PVC and BFRs in 2009, which would mean that under the current
Greenpeace, this level is unacceptable: ‘free’ should mean as
criteria it should be possible to manufacture products scoring well
close to zero as possible. For more information, see page 5 of the
over 8 points in this survey.
document “New Improved Ranking Criteria Explained”, available
at: www.greenpeace.org/international/press/reports/
improved-criteria-explained.pdf
Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008 l
10. Energy efficient products Product lifestyle approach
Beyond Energy Star. Climate change is now a global priority Recyclability. As found in the 2007 survey, there appears to be
- it is likely that we are currently seeing a fast technological jump no common industry practice when calculating recyclability rates.
in energy efficiency because this field of innovation has been Recyclability claims made by companies in all product categories
otherwise ignored for decades. Energy Star (see Annex 1 for more ranged as high as 85 to 90% recyclability, and they most likely do not
details) provides a well-recognised benchmark for energy efficiency. match the reality of common recycling practices. For example, CRT
Our survey shows that these current standards can already be monitors quoting recyclability levels this high must take into account
surpassed for the devices that we assessed, and should therefore CRT glass, often over 50% of product weight, which can at best be
be considered to provide a minimum baseline below which a downcycled and not truly recycled.
company should not even considering marketing a product.
To make “recyclability” improvements fit with recycling practices,
On the other hand, it would seem that there is scope for a
manufacturers need better communication with recyclers to also
significant strengthening of future standards of energy efficiency
improve separation and recycling technologies and build capacity
– new products, marketed after this survey was undertaken,
among the organisations and companies in charge of collection
demonstrate that they are able to comfortably beat the records
and recycling.
already identified in our survey. The US Environmental Protection
Agency has already adopted a ‘new approach’, where the much
Lifecycle analysis. There is an urgent need to work towards an
tighter Energy Star 5.0 standards, which will launch for computers
industry-wide standard of lifecycle analysis that encompasses
in July 2009, will be introduced once 25% of products are in
the use of energy and natural resources across the entire chain
compliance with Energy Star 4.0. This approach should also be
of production – from mining, manufacture and distribution
considered by legislators drafting future mandatory requirements,
to consumption and end-of-life treatment. In the meantime,
to get the worst, least energy efficient products off the market as
companies should develop their own analysis that covers the
soon as possible. Certain products, such as desktops, use more
entire product lifecycle. Without knowing and tracking what
energy and materials in production and are less energy efficienct
resources and how much energy it takes to make a product, it
during consumer use.
is hard to determine how significant, systematic changes can
be made. All stakeholders need to be able to understand where
Information for consumers. Making products energy efficient
action needs to be taken as a priority, to design out toxics, and to
is not enough. Consumers need information as to how to make
assess whether actions taken downstream are efficient or merely
the best use of their devices with regard to energy use. There
shift toxic burdens from one environmental medium to another (for
are no initiatives reaching very far in providing this information to
example, from the soil to the air). With respect to tackling climate
consumers, and one could reasonably expect much more from
change, it is also essential to have a fair disclosure of total energy
companies who publicly express their concerns and communicate
used during the manufacture of products – by fair, meaning that
their efforts about tackling climate change. Guidelines or even a
every company can be judged on the same stages of production
standard for the electronics industry to follow should be in place.
and not according to where it sets its own boundaries for
responsibility; once the carbon footprint of the manufacturing
process has been established, it is also important to consider the
carbon footprint incurred by the mining of raw resources,
for example.
10 l Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008
13. being used in each product. The fewer exemptions reported for a Energy use and power saving
product, the more points awarded. (30 out of the total of 100 points a product can achieve)
PVC and BFRs Consumer electronics play a significant and growing part in an
individual’s carbon footprint. Using energy efficient products
Points were awarded if a product was declared free of all PVC
reduces CO2 emissions - and thereby the impact on the climate
plastics and/or free of all BFRs. One point was deducted for
- and results in lower household energy bills.
using a 900 ppm or greater limit for chlorine/bromine. While many
companies now have timelines to phase out these two chemical Energy Star assessment
groups, there are still very few products on the market that avoid
them altogether. To recognise this, points were awarded where Energy Star is the energy efficiency rating of the US Environmental
major components of the product did not use these chemicals: Protection Agency and the US Department of Energy. This
certification has become a globally-accepted standard and sets
For PVC: benchmarks for a number of products. If these benchmarks
• External cabling and wire are met or exceeded, products can be labelled as Energy Star
• Internal cabling and wires (including ribbon cables) compliant. For the Greenpeace survey, points were awarded
• Housing according to the percentage by which devices exceeded Energy
• Packaging Star minimum requirements. For example, a desktop computer
• Plastic coated/encased electrical connectors using 1 Watt in stand-by mode instead of the 2 Watts required by
Energy Star would be 50% better than Energy Star. For desktop
For BFRs:
and notebook computers, the stand-by, idle and sleep modes
• Laminates of printed wiring boards,
were taken into account. For mobile phones and PDAs, the
including flexible circuit boards.
energy efficiency and no-load energy use of the external power
• Battery, including casing and components
adapters was analysed. Monitors were assessed against off
• Housing (including for periphery equipment, e.g. transformer)
mode, sleep mode and on mode energy use, while televisions
• Fan and fan housing
were compared with the Energy Star requirement for the stand-by
• Ribbon cables
and on modes.
• Electrical insulation sheet
• Plastic coated/encased electrical connectors An additional point could be earned for notebooks and desktops
if the products enter sleep mode in a shorter time period than
Antimony, phthalates and beryllium
required by Energy Star during user inactivity. This means power
These hazardous chemicals are not currently restricted under the is saved, since the product spends more time in a lower power
RoHS Directive. Additional points were awarded for each of these state. Mobile phone and PDA producers could also earn an
chemical groups not used in the product. additional point by shipping the products with power saving
settings enabled, for example by powering down of the screen
For details of the environmental and human health impacts of the after a shorter period of time. A point was also available for
chemicals mentioned here, see the Greenpeace report “Toxic Tech television and computer monitors that have hard-off switches,
– The dangerous chemicals in electronic products”, available at: which result in a zero watt power consumption.
www.greenpeace.org/international/press/reports/toxic-
tech-chemicals-in-elec The detailed requirement for Energy Star qualifying products can
be found on the Energy Star website at www.energystar.gov
or also see ‘‘Chemical contamination at e-waste recycling and
disposal sites in Accra and Korforidua, Ghana’’, available at:
www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/international/press/
reports/chemical-contamination-at-e-wa.pdf
Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008 l 13
14. Power-saving information the battery price is of the total price of the device, the more
points awarded.
Points were awarded to companies providing the consumer with
information on how best to reduce the energy consumption of a Monitors are usually not upgradeable. Instead, the manufacturer’s
device. The more comprehensive the information is, the more points replacement policy for monitors showing pixel defects have been
awarded to the product. The areas in which points could be scored analysed and points have been awarded by comparing the company
included provision of an online energy calculator to compare products, policy with the ISO standard.
public access to environmental data sheets where actual power
consumption is listed, the manual explicitly encouraging power-saving, Televisions are not upgradeable, so no points could be awarded.
additional power-saving tips on company or product websites and Instead the overall score for a television’s product lifecycle criterion
making consumers aware of the connection between climate change was adjusted by a factor of 1.2 to remain consistent with a total of 30
and power consumption. Additional software and hardware energy- points for this set of criteria.
saving functions and solutions were also rewarded. It is possible that
Warranty
results for these criteria, particularly relating to information to be found
on websites, may have changed since the survey was undertaken. Points were awarded according to the number of years for which
products are under manufacturer warranty on the global market. The
Product lifecycle longer the warranty time given by the manufacturer, the less likely it is
(30 out of the total of 100 points a product can achieve) that the consumer will have to replace a device before it is outdated.
Consumer electronics are known for their short and continuously Availability of spare parts
diminishing lifecycles that are increasing the burden on the
environment. A longer warranty period, designing products that can be Similarly to the scoring for warranty, products were awarded points for
upgraded rather than replaced and making spare parts available long every year that a consumer is able to obtain spare parts for a product
after the production of the device has been discontinued all help to after production has ceased. The longer these spare parts are available
encourage consumers to keep using the products longer. the less likely it is that the consumer will dispose of a product rather
than repair it.
Upgradeability
Recyclability
Products were given points for the extent to which they are
upgradeable by the user, with clear directions on how to upgrade parts Because the recyclability rate is difficult to define and compare
being given in the user manual. For computers, upgradeable parts between products, the definition of the European Union Waste
included the system memory, the hard drive, the graphics card (GPU), Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE Directive) was
the processor (CPU) and the optical drive (CD/DVD). Parts that are applied. This directive gives a definition of recycling that excludes
usually replaced rather than upgraded (such as fans in computers, for energy recovery. Energy recovery is a means of generating energy by
example) were not included. directly incinerating combustible waste, with or without other waste,
and recovering the heat. Indeed, energy recovery from combustion
For mobile phones and PDAs, upgradeable parts included the battery eliminates the possibility to effectively reuse waste through material
and memory cards. In addition, points have been allocated according recycling and therefore cannot be considered true recycling. The
to the price of the battery compared with the price of the actual device. directive also demands a legal minimum percentage of recyclability per
Since the battery usually needs earlier replacement and expensive weight of the device. Computers, for example, need to be at least 65%
batteries are an incentive for the consumer to discard the product recyclable. Points were awarded according to how much a device
rather than to simply replace the battery. The smaller the percentage exceeds the legal minimum recyclability rate of the WEEE directive.
1 l Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008
16. Annex : Detailed product line-up
Desktops
The desktop category was dominated by the products from Maximum Lenovo ThinkCentre
Criteria
Fujitsu Siemens and Lenovo, with the Lenovo ThinkCentre points M8/M8p
M58/M58p taking first place. The scoring of these products was, Results Points
by and large, close throughout all sets of criteria. The special Chemicals
points awarded to Lenovo for using recycled plastic that is entirely
PVC-free NO 0
from post-consumer sources rather than post-industrial made a
PVC-containing parts 3 3 1.8
significant difference in the final score.
BFR-free NO 0
The Esprimo E7935 by Fujitsu Siemens is the leading product when
BFR-containing parts 3 6 0.
it comes to use of hazardous chemicals, being the only submitted
Antimony-free 3 NO 0
product free of beryllium and beryllium compounds (one of the toxic
chemicals groups not currently regulated under RoHS). The Dell Phthalate-free 3 NO 0
Studio Hybrid and the Hewlett Packard dc7900e USDT make up Beryllium-free 3 NO 0
the second group of products. The reason why they lag behind the RoHS exemptions used 11 3 8
front runners is due to their much weaker performance under the
Energy use
chemicals criteria.
Stand-by % better than Energy Star 8 6.% 8
The Dell model scores best out of all models when it comes to Sleep % better than Energy Star 8 68.1% 8
energy efficiency and providing the consumers with power-saving
Idle % better than Energy Star 8 1.1% 3
information. The Dell is also awarded with special points for the
Inactivity-to-sleep (minutes) 1 0 1
very small and light design of the product and the recycling kit that
comes with it. The Acer Veriton M678G falls far behind because of Power-saving information YES 3
weak scoring on energy efficiency. Lifecycle
Upgradeable parts
Like last year the recyclability rates reported by the companies
for their products are likely to be significantly overstated and Warranty in years 3
none provided us with an independent assessment of their Component availability in years
recycling rates. WEEE recyclability rate (%) 3 % 3
Independent assessment for
It is disappointing to note that none of the desktop manufacturers recyclability rate provided
1 NO 0
has yet introduced a product that is PVC or BFR-free. Recycled plastic weight % 3 % 3
Plastic part coded at grams 1 NO 0
Take-back programme
and information
3 YES 1
Other
Energy during production analysis 1 NO 0
Parts of production chain included
in assessment
3 0 0
Other special features 3 YES
Visibility on web 3 3 1.
Total adjusted points 10 .88
16 l Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008
18. Notebook computers Criteria
Maximum
Toshiba Portege R600 HP Elitebook 30p
points
As with desktops, there are two products Results Points Results Points
in the notebook category that vie for
Chemicals
the top spot, with the Toshiba Portege
PVC-free NO 0 NO 0
R600 winning narrowly over the Hewlett
Packard Elitebook 2530p. While the PVC-containing parts 3 . 1 3
Toshiba notebook earns the highest BFR-free NO 0 NO 0
scores when it comes to avoiding BFR-containing parts 3 1 6 0.
hazardous chemicals, the Elitebook is
Antimony-free 3 NO 0 NO 0
more energy efficient.
Phthalate-free 3 NO 0 NO 0
Three other products, namely the Lenovo Beryllium-free 3 YES 3 NO 0
X300, Dell Latitude E-4200, and the Sony
RoHS exemptions used 11 3 8
Vaio Sony VGN-Z11WN/B make it over
Energy use
the 4 points mark. At the bottom end of
Stand-by % better than Energy
the scale, the Panasonic CF-W7 and Acer Star
8 8.% 0.0%
TravelMate 6293 score the lowest points
Sleep % better than Energy Star 8 38.3% 6 31.3%
overall and specifically in the lifecycle set
Idle % better than Energy Star 8 3.1% 6 .1%
of criteria.
Inactivity-to-sleep (minutes) 1 1 1 30 0
All but one product earn special
Power-saving information YES 3 YES
innovation points for using LED displays
Lifecycle
that reduce energy consumption and the
use of mercury. While Panasonic’s display Upgradeable parts 1 1
is a conventional LCD, the company Warranty in years 1 1 3
earns innovation points because its Component availability in years
notebook is a “toughbook” that is
WEEE recyclability rate (%) 3 0% 3 1% 3
extremely durable and can withstand
Independent assessment for
drops, pressure and spills. Toshiba recyclability rate provided
1 NO 0 NO 0
gets an additional point for using post– Recycled plastic weight % 3 8.8% 1 0 0
consumer recycled plastic parts.
Plastic part coded at grams 1 NO 0 NO 0
Take-back programme
and information
3 YES YES 1
Other
Energy during production analysis 1 YES 1 NO 0
Parts of production chain included
in assessment
3 6 3 0 0
Other special features 3 YES 3 YES
Visibility on web 3 3. 1. 3. 1.
Total adjusted points 10 . .8
18 l Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008
20. Mobile phones Criteria
Maximum
Samsung SGH-F68
points
While only one product scored over 5 points in the 2007 Results Points
survey, this year three out of the five submitted products reach
Chemicals
the halfway mark. The winner is the Samsung SGH-F268, a
PVC-free YES
remarkable achievement since last year’s survey when the
Samsung phone was in the last place. It is also the only product PVC-containing parts 3 n/a n/a
to be free of BFRs, at levels well below the industry standard of BFR-free YES
900ppm. The Motorola MOTORAZR V9 scores particularly well in BFR-containing parts 3 n/a n/a
avoiding hazardous chemicals and is the only product to be free
Antimony-free 3 NO 0
of beryllium and its compounds. The Nokia 3310 Evolve obtains
Phthalate-free 3 NO 0
the third place; Nokia also submitted the recently released 7200
Supernova, which is the first mobile phone to be free of BFRs Beryllium-free 3 NO 0
(albeit using a 900ppm limit) but unfortunately scores less than the RoHS exemptions used 11
Nokia 3110 Evolve overall despite its strong performance under
Energy use
the hazardous chemicals criteria.
External adapter efficiency
% better than Energy Star
1 .3%
Fourth place goes to the Sony Ericsson, which falls just short of
No-load % better than Energy Star 1 66.% 1
the 5 points mark. Only the LGE KT520 was declared not to be
Shipped with power-saving enabled 1 YES 1
PVC-free and it is this performance in chemicals that is likely to
have resulted in its obtaining fifth place, even though there has Power-saving information YES 3
been an improvement by LG Electronics in its scoring over the Lifecycle
previous survey. Overall, there has been a significant improvement Upgradeable parts 1 1
with regards to the reduction in RoHS exemptions still being
Battery vs. unit costs 6%
used by the companies, with only Nokia relying on more than two
Warranty in years 1 1
exemptions in its products (six in total).
Components availability in years 3 3
Innovation points were awarded to Motorola, for its very low
WEEE recyclability rate (%) 3 8%
threshold for declaring its product to be PVC-free, and to Nokia
Independent assessment for
for using bio-plastic in the cover of its phone. However, Nokia did recyclability rate provided
1 NO 0
not provide additional information on what type of bio-plastic it Recycled plastic weight % 3 0 0
is using or how it is grown and therefore the possible maximum
Plastic part coded at grams 1 YES 1
environmental benefit (and innovation points for this survey) in
Take-back programme and information 3 YES
using this bio-plastic could not be assessed.
Other
Energy during production analysis 1 YES 1
Parts of production chain included in
assessment
3 .
Other special features 3 NO 0
Visibility on web 3 1
Total adjusted points 10 .
0 l Greenpeace International l Green Electronics: the search continues l Results, Green Electronics Survey l December 2008