Public policy transformation & Ireland’s electricity sector SustainableEnergyAut
Eamonn Confrey from the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment presents on the public policy transformation of Ireland's energy sector. (Presentation delivered at the inaugural National Energy Research and Policy Conference in Dublin, Nov 2019)
Reminiscing memories 5 years ago in 2014 winning 1st runner up spot for General Electric Manufacturing Company (GEMAC) / GE Challenge University Level with the theme of Sustainable Energy in Malaysia. Our team Energive (Giving Energy) made some proposal/strategic planning of smartgrid in Malaysia.
Towards cleaner energy - a collaborative world effortsSampe Purba
Presented in 3rd Asian Pollution Control and Sustainable Energy, May 2021
The bottom line of the messages are : Commitment to cleaner energy should be a real one, by taking into account each country's specific circumstances. One who polluted more, should take more responsibility. Carbon trading mechanism is somewhat more like a tactical trap by polluter producers and huge energy consumers at the expense of conserving O2 countries. This kind of platform may lead to vicious circle of atmosphere pollution
How JICA mobilizes private sector finance and investments for affordable and ...OECD Environment
BIAC-OECD Virtual Roundtable on mobilising private sector finance and investments for affordable and clean energy in developing countries, 26 October 2021
Benjamin Sovacool "The Nordic Low-Carbon Transition: Implications and Insights for Researchers and Practitioners" Keynote Energy Cultures Conference 2016
Energy Low Emission Development Strategies in Asia: A Regional Overview and E...Worldwatch Institute
1. Welcome & Introduction: Alexander Ochs, Worldwatch Institute, LEDS-EWG Chair
2. Introduction to the LEDS Asia Regional Platform and the Importance of Energy in Asia: S.S. Krishnan, Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, LEDS-EWG Co-Chair for Asia
3. Key Low-Emission Energy Developments in Asia: Beni Suryadi, ASEAN Centre for Energy
4. Learning from Thailand’s Clean Energy Strategy: Bundit Limmeechokchai, Thammasat University
5. Q&A
6. Survey
This webinar, the fifth in a series of WRI-hosted webinars on 24/7 CFE, highlights a few key emerging technologies that could help buyers achieve a 100% hourly match of their demand.
Public policy transformation & Ireland’s electricity sector SustainableEnergyAut
Eamonn Confrey from the Department of Communications, Climate Action and Environment presents on the public policy transformation of Ireland's energy sector. (Presentation delivered at the inaugural National Energy Research and Policy Conference in Dublin, Nov 2019)
Reminiscing memories 5 years ago in 2014 winning 1st runner up spot for General Electric Manufacturing Company (GEMAC) / GE Challenge University Level with the theme of Sustainable Energy in Malaysia. Our team Energive (Giving Energy) made some proposal/strategic planning of smartgrid in Malaysia.
Towards cleaner energy - a collaborative world effortsSampe Purba
Presented in 3rd Asian Pollution Control and Sustainable Energy, May 2021
The bottom line of the messages are : Commitment to cleaner energy should be a real one, by taking into account each country's specific circumstances. One who polluted more, should take more responsibility. Carbon trading mechanism is somewhat more like a tactical trap by polluter producers and huge energy consumers at the expense of conserving O2 countries. This kind of platform may lead to vicious circle of atmosphere pollution
How JICA mobilizes private sector finance and investments for affordable and ...OECD Environment
BIAC-OECD Virtual Roundtable on mobilising private sector finance and investments for affordable and clean energy in developing countries, 26 October 2021
Benjamin Sovacool "The Nordic Low-Carbon Transition: Implications and Insights for Researchers and Practitioners" Keynote Energy Cultures Conference 2016
Energy Low Emission Development Strategies in Asia: A Regional Overview and E...Worldwatch Institute
1. Welcome & Introduction: Alexander Ochs, Worldwatch Institute, LEDS-EWG Chair
2. Introduction to the LEDS Asia Regional Platform and the Importance of Energy in Asia: S.S. Krishnan, Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, LEDS-EWG Co-Chair for Asia
3. Key Low-Emission Energy Developments in Asia: Beni Suryadi, ASEAN Centre for Energy
4. Learning from Thailand’s Clean Energy Strategy: Bundit Limmeechokchai, Thammasat University
5. Q&A
6. Survey
This webinar, the fifth in a series of WRI-hosted webinars on 24/7 CFE, highlights a few key emerging technologies that could help buyers achieve a 100% hourly match of their demand.
This webinar, the fourth in a series of WRI-hosted webinars on 24/7 CFE, spotlights key data challenges surrounding 24/7 CFE, as well as approaches and solutions to these challenges.
Energy Transition - A comprehensive approachSampe Purba
this Paper discuss that a transition energy can be reached by the lining streaming of Supply, Demand, Infrastructure, Commerciality and regulation. However, any transitional energy has to consider the technology, existing power generation and the ability to absorb and competitiveness
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
U.S. Department of State, Office of International Information Programs Confer...Alliance To Save Energy
In his presentation, Castelli addresses The Role of Energy Efficiency in Energy Security and Climate Change. Taking into consideration the global energy concerns and the increasinly volatile geopolitical landscape, there is a great need to improve energy intensity across the world. Energy efficiency - which is at the nexus of economic objectives, energy security & foreign policy objectives, and environmental objectives - offers a great opportunity to achieve this. Castelli discussed the roles that the public and private sectors must play to sieze this potential in Russia and former Soviet Union countries. In this area of the world, he said, energy efficiency can significantly reduce consumer energy consumption, particularly in home heating.
U.S.A and India: Convergences and Challenges in Clean Energy and Climate Ch...Bibhuti Bhusan Gadanayak
U.S.A and India: Convergences and Challenges in Clean Energy and Climate Change
Key discussion questions
- What are the challenges faced by both countries in harnessing the true potential for clean energy?
- Should the issue of climate change feature as a major theme in the bilateral strategic negotiations?
- How can knowledge sharing platforms be utilised to mitigate the crisis of climate change?
- What does US joining of India-led International Solar Alliance means for the grouping?
ScottMadden's Energy Industry Update for the 2019 Utility Supply Chain Confer...ScottMadden, Inc.
As economic growth continues, and policies are increasingly driven by state and regional issues, utilities are placing bets, with large investments, on various growth strategies. They continue to face opposition and challenges from various stakeholders with disparate interests. Energy and utility companies will try to thread the needle of developing and upgrading much needed infrastructure, while satisfying those interests.
During the 2019 Utility Supply Chain Conference, Cristin Lyons reviewed the latest Energy Industry Update and shared key highlights for topics including:
- Electrification: A summary of increased electrification activities (ie: transportation/space heating) being promoted by electric industry stakeholders, and electrification’s pros and cons
- Wholesale energy infrastructure development: A discussion of proposed gas and power transmission projects, potential regulatory changes, and surrounding issues/implications
- Grid modernization: Noteworthy efforts around the nation, including both the programs and the common themes.
Learn more at www.scottmadden.com.
Enhancing The Regulatory Framework for Non Conventional Geothermal ResourcesFernando Penarroyo
This paper focuses on supportive legal and regulatory frameworks, subsidy schemes and other incentive programs that will shift the current geothermal development strategies in order to revitalize non-conventional development.
Mr Kohji Iwakami in Parallel Session A1 of Ninth South Asia Economic Summit (SAES) organised by Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD) on 15-16 October 2016 presented on "Achieving Sustainable Energy for All in South Asia: Modalities of Cooperation". #SAES9 For further details visit: http://saes9.cpd.org.bd/
Il World Energy Focus, nuovo mensile online della WEC's community, una e-publication gratuita per essere sempre aggiornato sugli sviluppi del settore energetico. Il World Energy Focus contiene news, interviste esclusive e uno spazio dedicato agli eventi promossi dai singoli Comitati Nazionali.
The GRC Bulletin provides a technology and issues forum for professionals involved in geothermal resource research, exploration, development and utilization. The GRC Bulletin also provides news and information that highlights the environmental and economic benefits of geothermal resource development.
The GRC Bulletin provides a technology and issues forum for professionals involved in geothermal resource research, exploration, development and utilization. The GRC Bulletin also provides news and information that highlights the environmental and economic benefits of geothermal resource development.
Agenda Available for Workshop Exploring Geothermal and Oil & Gas Synergies.
Early-Bird Registration Ends March 1
“Exploring Geothermal and Oil & Gas Synergies”
Join us for a Joint Geothermal Resources Council (GRC) & Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) Workshop
March 30 - April 1, 2020
San Diego, California, USA
Geothermal wells experience high temperatures at very shallow depths and are required to cement casing across the entire length of each casing string set in the well. Our joint workshop will enable both industries to share their experiences, technologies, technical procedures and best practices on this important aspect of well completion.
The GRC Bulletin provides a technology and issues forum for professionals involved in geothermal resource research, exploration, development and utilization. The GRC Bulletin also provides news and information that highlights the environmental and economic benefits of geothermal resource development.
The GRC Bulletin provides a technology and issues forum for professionals involved in geothermal resource research, exploration, development and utilization. The GRC Bulletin also provides news and information that highlights the environmental and economic benefits of geothermal resource development.
The GRC Bulletin provides a technology and issues forum for professionals involved in geothermal resource research, exploration, development and utilization. The GRC Bulletin also provides news and information that highlights the environmental and economic benefits of geothermal resource development.
The goal of the poster is to help educate middle schoolers on geothermal energy and help spread the word of our industry’s technologies and mission to the general public.
Published as a 22 inches x 34 inches poster on thick glossy paper; it is doubled sided with English and Spanish versions.
10,000 copies will be sent in school educational packs distributed by the American Geosciences Institute (AGI), as part of the Earth Science Week 2019 Toolkit, with the main priority to support high-quality teaching and learning in Earth science.
The goal of the poster is to help educate middle schoolers on geothermal energy and help spread the word of our industry’s technologies and mission to the general public.
Published as a 22 inches x 34 inches poster on thick glossy paper; it is doubled sided with English and Spanish versions.
10,000 copies will be sent in school educational packs distributed by the American Geosciences Institute (AGI), as part of the Earth Science Week 2019 Toolkit, with the main priority to support high-quality teaching and learning in Earth science.
Sponsorships for the GRC Annual Meeting & Expo are now available. These are great opportunities for companies to get more exposure at the largest annual geothermal gathering in the world.
The 2019 meeting will take place in Palm Springs, California from September 15th through the 18th.The four-day event will offer technical, policy, and market conference sessions, educational seminars, tours of local geothermal and renewable energy projects, an expo and numerous networking opportunities.
Make the geothermal community take notice, become a sponsor now!
Just before the start of the GRC Annual Meeting & Expo, the GRC Annual Charity Golf Tournament will take place October 14 at the Sunridge Golf Club in Carson City, south of Reno. Registration for the tournament is now open.
This year the proceeds from the tournament will go to the GRC Scholarship Fund. Last year the event helped to support six students with funds of $15,000.
At 4,700 feet elevation, the Sunridge Golf course is a pleasure for golfers of any skill level to play. The course will challenge you while providing a relaxing, picturesque backdrop of the Sierra Nevada.
The Registry of Geothermal Services and Equipment contains the "Yellow Pages" for the worldwide geothermal industry. Companies are listed with a description of their products and services. The Geothermal Resources Council provides these pages for free.
The Registry of Geothermal Services and Equipment contains the "Yellow Pages" for the worldwide geothermal industry. Companies are listed with a description of their products and services. The Geothermal Resources Council provides these pages for free.
A GRC Fieldtrip led by Rick Allis (Utah Geological Survey)
Wednesday October 4, 12:30 pm–Thursday October 5, about 6:00 pm.
In 2005 coal-fired power was 94% of Utah’s power consumption—today it is 69%, and by 2025 it could be close to 50%. At the moment, natural gas, solar and wind power are the main growth areas. What is needed to stimulate development of the geothermal potential that exists in Utah?
This is the premier gathering to learn about the latest developments in geothermal energy. Last year, the GRC Annual Meeting & GEA GeoExpo+ hosted over 1,200 attendees from over 25 different countries.
The GRC Annual Meeting will offer technical, policy, and market conference sessions, educational seminars, tours of local geothermal and renewable energy projects, and numerous networking opportunities.
The GEA GeoExpo+ features a unique opportunity for leaders in the business to showcase their projects, equipment, services and state of the art technology to the geothermal community. Reserve your booth now! There were more than 100 exhibitors at last year’s trade show.
Just before the start of the GRC Annual Meeting & GEA Geo Expo+, the GRC Annual Charity Golf Tournament will take place October 1 at the Mountain Dell Golf Course just 16 miles from the conference site. Registration for the tournament is now open.
Half the world’s geysers! 10,000 thermal features! Bubbling mud pots! A restless caldera!
GRC Fieldtrip: Thursday September 28 - Sunday
October 1, 2017
Join the GRC on a trip of a lifetime to experience the wide range of hydrothermal features in Yellowstone immediately before the
GRC Annual Meeting. Our focus will be on surface manifestations of hydrothermal systems, what is known about their subterranean plumbing, and how the systems fit into their geologic and volcanic contexts.
Yellowstone has a unique concentration of heat, water, and geologic structures, which allows us to experience the world’s greatest concentration of geysers, mud pots and hot springs.
Your company has the opportunity for high visibility at the GRC’s 41st Annual Meeting and GEA GeoExpo+ scheduled for October 1-4, 2017, at the Salt Palace Convention Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...
GRC - State of the Geothermal Industry - January 2019
1. State of the Geothermal Energy
Industry, 2019
15th Annual State of the Energy Industry Forum
US Energy Association
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 1
Will Pettitt, PhD
Executive Director
Geothermal Resources Council
3. Supporting the Geothermal Community
The GRC represents
the geothermal
community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 3
From: GRC 2017 Photo Contest
4. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 4
GRC Ambassador Program
• Negligible Emissions
• Renewable
• Sustainable
5. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 5From: GRC Ambassador Program
From: GRC 2017 Photo Contest
6. Supporting the Geothermal Community
Geothermal is Flexible Baseload
• Reliable
• Stable
• Flexible
• Balancing
• Facilitator
Renewable Energy
that Works
Around the Clock
. . .
. . .. .
. .
From: GRC Ambassador Program24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 6
7. Supporting the Geothermal Community
Example: Geothermal as Baseload in California
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 7
Renewables Watch for 10th December, 2018, California
Independent System Operator, www.caiso.com
9. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 9
Installed conventional
geothermal
3.6 GWe*
Conventional
geothermal under
development
1.2 GWe*
Conventional
geothermal by 2050?
6 to 11 GWe**
Viable EGS potential
>100 GWe***
* After: GEA 2015, 2016
** From: Young et al., 2017
*** From: Ziagos et al., 2013
10. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 10
EIA, 2017
Graphics courtesy of Jonathan Weisgall, Berkshire Hathaway Energy – data from various sources
• 2.3% of total renewable power generation and 0.4%
of all utility scale generation (in USA in 2017).
• Increased 7% over the past 10 years.
11. Supporting the Geothermal Community
International Market Growth
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 11
Graphics courtesy of ThinkGeoEnergy – data from various sources
12. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 12
Graphic courtesy of Carsten F Sørlie ,
Statoil/Equinor
13. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 13
Costs have been reducing but
need more efficiencies to be
directly cost competitive
15. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 15
• Lithium Mining
• Hydrogen
Production
• Desalination
• Hybrid Solar
• O&G Co-
production
• Mining
Increase Value of
Geothermal Plants
Graphic courtesy of Berkshire
Hathaway Energy – data from
various sources
16. Supporting the Geothermal Community
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 16
• Efficient Permitting and
Leasing
• Long-term tax credit
extensions
• Renewable Portfolio
Standard (RPS)
• Consider the value of
geothermal
• Renewable transmission
path upgrades
• “De-risking” efforts for
geothermal resources
• Investment in Research
and Development
Improve Government
Policies and Regulation
18. Supporting the Geothermal Community
Thank you!
24 January, 2019 State of the Geothermal Industry, USEA Forum 18
From: GRC 2017 Photo Contest
Editor's Notes
Thank you all for being here and thank you to the USEA for the invitation and opportunity to speak
I’m a geophysicist by background, and have been working on industrial applications of geophysics and geomechanics for more than 20 years. As a geophysicist, I’m also a scientist, which means that I like slides! Hopefully some of the data I show will be informative.
The GRC is a professional association that supports the geothermal industry and promotes geothermal energy to a wide audience of government, industry, academia and the general public.
We have over 1200 members from over 40 different countries… that are professionals in the industry and corporate members consisting of the main power generation companies through service companies, consultants, as well as government agencies at federal and state levels, professors, teachers, students and members of the public
There are a whole ton of reasons why we want geothermal energy as a society and as a power industry… I’m not going to go through all these today, but be prepared if we meet in an elevator!
So the GRC represents the geothermal community in the USA and internationally
In the past year we have reunified with the GEA, a sister association that represented the industry to policy makers, so the community now speaks with one voice
The geothermal industry a is tight-knit community that is passionate about the technologies that we have, the renewable-energy mission, and the future that our industry has
Geothermal energy is heat from beneath our feet. Geothermal technologies and industries extract that heat for a wide range of uses. It can be from a few meters depth to thousands of meters depth.
Studies by the government have shown that the overall emission of green-house gasses are very low, even compared with other renewables.
Heat in a reservoir is recharged from deeper within the earth meaning that geothermal systems are truly renewable
Using re-injection of extracted fluids means that geothermal systems can be completely sustainable
This also means that the geothermal fuel source is effectively “free” – however, capital costs and risk profile of accessing that resource are high… a factor that is also found in oil&gas and mining industries.
>>>>>>>>
In CARB’s (California Air Resources Board) 2016 Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Technical Support Document it is noted: “Certain facilities use a closed loop system (utilizing binary turbines) that keeps the fluids from direct contact with the environment, exchanging heat by means of a heat exchanger. These systems eliminate the emissions of CO2 altogether.”
DOE Website: “Modern closed-loop geothermal power plants emit no greenhouse gasses; life cycle GHG emissions (50 g CO2 eq/kWhe) are four times less than solar PV, and six to 20 times lower than natural gas.” – from Argonne National Lab. Life Cycle Analysis Results of Geothermal Systems in Comparison to Other Power Systems; Figure 16, page 43. August 2010. (https://www.energy.gov/eere/geothermal/geothermal-basics)
Geothermal industries include:
Extraction of natural hydrothermal hot waters, at temperatures usually well above 100 degrees C and at great depths, to generate electricity
Direct use of cooler water for industrial and community heating systems, usually between 40 and 100 degrees C
Ground-source heat pumps to heat or cool individual buildings or houses
And a fourth type that I’ve separated here known as EGS, Enhanced Geothermal Systems, where deep reservoirs are engineered to circulate water in a rock heat exchanger. These systems are in a research phase but offer huge potential.
I’m going to focus the rest of this talk on conventional hydrothermal power generation, which touches a bit on EGS as part of the future of the industry.
Geothermal power is a flexible baseload. It can provide the electricity grid with resiliency, reliability, and stability as we transition to renewable fuels.
It’s a stable 24/7 power source with Capacity Factors >70% in practice, higher than any other power resource except nuclear.
It can also be ramped up or down, so is flexible to give power when it’s needed and can help balance the grid when intermittent renewables come on or off.
I like to look at it as a facilitator of renewables allowing us to transition to more solar and wind.
This example from California for a single day in December illustrates geothermal as a baseload giving a steady GW of power through the entire night and day. On this particular day it happens to be the largest renewable power source in California in terms of daily production. On typical days Wind, Solar and Geothermal all compete for this position.
Opportunities in geothermal fall I think into three categories:
Technology and resource development
Improving US policy, regulation, pricing and markets
International market development
If we can improve all three of those areas then I think we can see a large improvement in the geothermal industry and greater market share in terms of total power production
In the US, current power production is limited to the western states with California being the largest producer and having the largest geothermal field in the world.
However, the earth is hot everywhere it’s just how deep we want to drill and the economics. This map indicates the temperature of the subsurface and access to hot rock.
If commercial Enhanced Geothermal Systems become viable then we can tap into that resource almost anywhere.
Research projects into EGS are being performed all over the world. In USA there are two large projects funded by the DOE’s GTO and by Bill Gate’s Breakthrough Energy Ventures
So in the USA we have about 3.6GW of installed geothermal capacity. We have about 1.2 GW being developed.
A recent study at NREL estimates there will be 6 to 11 GW installed by 2050 using todays technologies and depending on the policy environment.
If EGS is successful then more than 100GW of power is conceivable according to government studies.
That current geothermal power represents about 2.3% of the total US renewable power generation in 2017 and 0.4% of all utility scale generation.
The geothermal industry has a lot of potential. In California alone there is 3.5GW of known resources that could be developed now under the right economic conditions.
When we look at how these resources have been developed over the past 40 years we can see that in the US we initially led the world in geothermal energy, but then fell back on our rate of installation. The rest of the world however has continued to install geothermal power at a steady rate and now totals over 14GW.
The US is still the largest producer in the world but is being caught up by other countries that also have good resources to develop.
The greatest developers of power over the past 10 years have been Turkey and Indonesia, followed by the US, Kenya, and New Zealand.
Development in Kenya has been supported by a USEA project in East Africa.
Those countries that are currently developing power and have greatest resources are generally close to volcanic areas marked in red on this map.
Again, with the development of EGS then heat resources become more easily available and accessible to many more countries.
The current conventional geothermal industry has a number of hurdles to overcome to be successful. Firstly, the cost of geothermal energy has been reducing but it’s clear that we need more cost efficiencies to be directly cost competitive with utility solar and wind.
As well as bringing costs down, both in operational and capital expenditures, there are other technology and resource development hurdles that could be improved.
Like oil & gas and mining projects, all similarly in the sub surface, geothermal projects have high up front project risks in terms of exploration and characterization.
There are also many technology areas that can be made more efficient and help reduce the risk profile and costs.
In order to make more geothermal resources economically viable then the industry is looking at ways of increasing the value of geothermal plants where possible.
In the first example shown here from Berkshire Hathaway Energy the industry is looking at the co-production of Lithium through solution mining the geothermal brine.
The supply of lithium is becoming of national importance as battery markets and technologies develop.
The Salton Sea geothermal field in Southern California is shown to be very cost competitive and could produce a significant portion of the world’s lithium demand.
Other similar opportunities include:
Production of hydrogen for fuel cells
Desalinization for drinking water or to replenish lakes and reservoirs
Hybrid production with Solar – solar plant helps cover the operational energy consumption at warmest part of the day
Co-production with Oil and Gas as many operations are remote and in deep, hot, reservoirs
Energy production for Mining as many hard rock mines are in similar locations world-wide to geothermal resources
>>>>>>
Lithium Solution Mining for use in batteries – from California Energy Commission (CEC) workshop on lithium recovery from geothermal brine –
BHE 10% and Salton Sea two thirds of the world’s lithium demand
There are many areas where government policy and regulation could be improved at both the State and Federal levels to help develop geothermal resources, and I’m not going to go through them all.
The map shows the federal lands and you can see that many of the same areas where there is current geothermal development overlap. Making permitting and leasing of exploration more efficient through government agencies would be a big help.
Another big one on this list is to better consider the latest pricing and value of geothermal energy as a flexible high-capacity baseload power when agencies consider the energy mix, and as a facilitator to increase the total renewable package
And another one is to maintain and strengthen the investment in R&D through the DOE, NSF and other agencies
So to conclude, the geothermal community needs to collaborate
We need to work with regulators, policy makers and the power industry to better consider our prices and value
Our technology and resource development has many synergies with the oil and gas and mining sectors
And we need to work with the Renewable Energy Community as a facilitator to increase the total renewable energy mix