Computer graphics are pictures and movies created using computers - usually referring to image data created by a computer specifically with help from specialized graphical hardware and software. It is a vast and recent area in computer science. The phrase was coined by computer graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing in 1960. Another name for the field is computer-generated imagery, or simply CGI.

1. EXPERIMENT 1
Objective: Introduction to Graphics and Graphics Hardware System
1. INTRODUCTION
Computer graphics are pictures and movies created using computers - usually referring to image
data created by a computer specifically with help from specialized graphical hardware and
software. It is a vast and recent area in computer science. The phrase was coined by computer
graphics researchers Verne Hudson and William Fetter of Boeing in 1960. Another name for the
field is computer-generated imagery, or simply CGI.
The term computer graphics has been used a broad sense to describe "almost everything on
computers that is not text or sound". Typically, the term computer graphics refers to several
different things:
 the representation and manipulation of image data by a computer
 the various technologies used to create and manipulate images
 the sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and
manipulating visual content, see study of computer graphics
Computer graphics is widespread today. Computer imagery is found on television, in
newspapers, for example in weather reports, or for example in all kinds of medical investigation
and surgical procedures. A well-constructed graph can present complex statistics in a form that is
easier to understand and interpret. In the media "such graphs are used to illustrate papers, reports,
thesis", and other presentation material.
Many powerful tools have been developed to visualize data. Computer generated imagery can be
categorized into several different types: two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and
animated graphics. As technology has improved, 3D computer graphics have become more
common, but 2D computer graphics are still widely used. Computer graphics has emerged as a
sub-field of computer science which studies methods for digitally synthesizing and manipulating
visual content. Over the past decade, other specialized fields have been developed like
information visualization, and scientific visualization more concerned with "the visualization of
three dimensional phenomena (architectural, meteorological, medical, biological, etc.), where the
emphasis is on realistic renderings of volumes, surfaces, illumination sources, and so forth,
perhaps with a dynamic (time) component".

2. 2. COMPUTER GRAPHIC HARDWARE CONCEPT
How It Works: Graphics Hardware
Fundamentally, the graphics hardware in your notebook is what puts a picture on the screen. It’s
responsible for a couple more things, though: it’s responsible for handling computer games that
require 3-D rendering, it’s responsible for running Vista Aero Glass, it’s responsible for
decoding some video so the CPU doesn’t do all the work , and it’s responsible for driving an
additional screen should you connect one to your laptop.
At its most basic, graphics hardware is comprised of two key components. First is the graphics
core, or GPU, which is essentially a CPU that is highly specialized for handling 3-D rendering,
video decoding, and outputting a picture. Second is the video memory, which is RAM used by
the GPU to buffer images, store visual information for games, and so on. One of the major points
about graphics hardware is whether it’s dedicated or integrated. A basic graphic hardware system
comprises the following.

3. Inside a Graphic card