Graduation Project Thesis, "Ego-Village"

AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF URBAN DESIGN AND PLANNING
URBAN DESIGN CONCENTRATION
Ego-village
A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Architectural Engineering
(Department of Urban Design)
by
Manar Ahmed Mohamed
Student at Ain Shams University, Faculty of Engineering,
Department of Urban Design
Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 2023

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Ras Al-Hekma Project Thesis
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.................................................................................................................... 1
Table of Figures ...................................................................................................................... 3
Table of Tables ....................................................................................................................... 6
1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 6
1.1. Location........................................................................................................................ 7
1.2. Scope............................................................................................................................ 7
1.3. Aim............................................................................................................................... 8
1.4. Added Value................................................................................................................ 8
1.5. Target Audience.......................................................................................................... 9
2. Site analysis ...................................................................................................................... 10
2.1. Regional scale ............................................................................................................ 10
2.1.1. Location............................................................................................................... 10
2.1.2. Accessibility ........................................................................................................ 11
2.1.3. Surrounding uses ................................................................................................ 12
2.1.4. Surrounding Landmarks ...................................................................................... 14
2.1.5. Conclusion........................................................................................................... 15
2.2. City scale.................................................................................................................... 16
2.2.1. Site Visit .............................................................................................................. 16
2.2.2. Street Network..................................................................................................... 17
2.2.3. Topography.......................................................................................................... 18
2.2.4. Environmental Analysis ...................................................................................... 20
2.2.6. Flora and Fauna ................................................................................................... 25
2.2.7. Demographics...................................................................................................... 27
2.2.8. Visual Analysis.................................................................................................... 30

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2.2.9. Sensory Analysis ................................................................................................. 31
2.2.9. Conclusion........................................................................................................... 32
2.3. Site Scale 2.3.1. Base-map........................................................................................ 33
2.3.2. Mobility ............................................................................................................... 34
2.3.3. Land Use.............................................................................................................. 34
2.3.4. Topography......................................................................................................... 35
2.3.5. Views................................................................................................................... 41
2.3.6. Visual analysis..................................................................................................... 42
2.3.8. Conclusion........................................................................................................... 42
3. Universities in 24-hour cities......................................................................................... 44
3.1. Theme definition ........................................................................................................ 44
3.1.1. Prospects of 24-hour cities .................................................................................. 45
3.2. Hollands and Chatterton 24-hour city model......................................................... 45
3.2.1. City model users ............................................................................................. 45
3.3. City model aspects ................................................................................................. 47
3.3.1. Safety .............................................................................................................. 47
3.3.2. Culture & nightlife activities .......................................................................... 47
3.4. Urban tourism......................................................................................................... 47
3.5. Case study .............................................................................................................. 48
3.6. Guidelines............................................................................................................... 50
3.7. Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 51
3.7.1. Project implementation................................................................................... 52
4. Program ......................................................................................................................... 54
5. project design proposals.................................................................................................... 57
5.1. project summary........................................................................................................ 57
5.2. Project’s components ................................................................................................ 57
5.2.1. Built up area......................................................................................................... 57

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6. Design concept .............................................................................................................. 58
6.1. Vision ..................................................................................................................... 58
6.2. Concept................................................................................................................... 59
6.3. Moodboard ............................................................................................................. 61
6.4. layout spatial analysis................................................................................................. 61
7. zoning ............................................................................................................................ 63
7.1. Zoning 150 feddans................................................................................................ 63
7.2. Zoning innovation park (60 feddans)..................................................................... 63
8. Startup-village-program
..................... 67
9. Sustainable solutions ..................................................................................................... 68
10. Mitigation approaches................................................................................................ 70
10.1. Water resources .................................................................................................. 70
10.2. flora ......................................................................................................................... 70
10.3. Fauna........................................................................................................................ 72
10.4. Marine life................................................................................................................ 73
10.5. Human health ........................................................................................................... 73
10.6.................................................................................................................................... 73
10.6.1. Solar panels production .................................................................................... 73
10.7. Materials and design considerations. ....................................................................... 74
7. References......................................................................................................................... 76
Table of Figures
Table 1: SV program, source: calculations done by author.

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Figure 1: Ras El Hekma Location in Egypt, cairo and along the north coast. (Visualized by the author) ___11
Figure 2: Accessibility map showing the proximity of Marsa Matrouh at distance of 61.9 km and at distance
62.9 km from its airport. (Visualized by the author) ___________________________________________________________12
Figure 3: Location of universities map and its proximity from our site circle of service (visualized by the
author) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________13
Figure 4: surrounding health services map and its proximity from our site. (Visualized by the author) ____13
Figure 5:Nearest touristic cities & landmarks from Ras Al Hekma. (Source: google earth,. visualized by the
author) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________14
Figure 6:The gates (edge, 2021) ________________________________________________________________________________14
Figure 7:Alexandria Cornish (Ezz_alDin, 2017) ________________________________________________________________14
Figure 8:Bedouin village (Meshally, 2019) _____________________________________________________________________15
Figure 9:Al Almein Towers (mahmmoud, 2022) _______________________________________________________________15
Figure 10:Alexandria Library (Hassan, 2016)__________________________________________________________________15
Figure 11:Qaitbay Citadel (Mansour, 2018) ____________________________________________________________________15
Figure 12:map showing the assigned trip, hierarchy of roads and paths (Source: Author visualized by
author) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________16
Figure 13:Street Network map and road hierarchy (source: UN-Habitat, visualized: author) ______________18
Figure 14: Contour of Ras Al Hekma. (Source: topographic-map.com, visualized: author) __________________19
Figure 15: map showing natural topography (soil nature) of the shore, declaring that site is of rocky shore,
visualized by the author._________________________________________________________________________________________19
Figure 16: Temperature Range chart___________________________________________________________________________20
Figure 17:Radiation range ______________________________________________________________________________________21
Figure 18:Illumination Range Chart ____________________________________________________________________________21
Figure 19: illumination range___________________________________________________________________________________21
Figure 20:Dry bulb temp. and relative humidity _____________________________________________________21
Figure 21:Dry bulb temp. and relative humidity _______________________________________________________________22
Figure 22:Sun shading chart at winter _________________________________________________________________________23
Figure 23:Wind wheel ___________________________________________________________________________________________23
Figure 24: Section in the land soil declaring which type of soil and its levels _________________________________24
Figure 25: layout for the same piece of land by the seal declaring soil types and constituents.______________24
Figure 26:Sun path diagram ____________________________________________________________________________________25
Figure 27:: shows the flora and fauna in Ras El-Hekma (Source author trip, visualized by the author _____26
Figure 28:shows the expected flora and fauna of Ras El-Hekma after development. (Source UN-Habitat,
visualized by the author) ________________________________________________________________________________________27
Figure 29: Demographics od Ras Al Hekma (source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author) ____________________29
Figure 30:: visual analysis of Ras EL-Hekma land as all (source: UN-Habitat, visualised by author) _______30
Figure 31: Sensory Analysis and Impressions. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author)__________________31
Figure 32: accessibility map for the site; showing the main surrounding roads, roads hierarchy and
directions. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author) ________________________________________________________33
Figure 33: Mobility map showing the main roads uses directions, lanes, and capacity according to the
mobile type used upon. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author) __________________________________________34

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Figure 34: basic land-use map for the site; showing highlighting a residential touristic resort by the
westside, mixed-use areas by the east side and southside of the land (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by
author) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________35
Figure 35: Contour map (source: (topographic-map, n.d.), visualized: author)______________________________36
Figure 36; shows the elevation and slope of the land at its first section 1-1 __________________________________36
Figure 37; shows the slope of the ground and possible views at section1-2(source: google earth, visualized:
author) ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________37
Figure 38; shows slope & views of the ground at section1-3 (source: google earth, visualized: author) ____37
Figure 39:shows slope & views of the ground at section1-4 (source: google earth, visualized: author)_____38
Figure 40:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-1, (source: google earth, visualized: author) ____38
Figure 41: shows slope & views of the ground at section2-2,(source: google earth, visualized: author)____39
figure 42:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-3, (source: google earth, visualized: author) _____39
Figure 43: shows slope & views of the ground at section2-4, (source: google earth, visualized: author)____40
Figure 44:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-5, (source: google earth, visualized: author) ____40
Figure 45:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-6 for the seashore,(source: google earth,
visualized: author)_______________________________________________________________________________________________41
Figure 46:. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author)________________________________________________________41
Figure 47:: Visual Analysis map of the site that overlooking the sea,(source: topographic-map.com,
visualized: author)_______________________________________________________________________________________________42
Figure 48: Possible entrances for the sea site, (Source: UN-Habitat, visualized: author) ____________________43
Figure 49: key education components for 24-hour cities; source: (Kelly, 2016, p. 218) ______________________46
Figure 50: 49 The University of Auckland and Auckland University of Technology are depicted on a map of
the Auckland CBD in Fig. 1. (Source: created by the authors using the GIS Viewer for Auckland Council. (Asif
Khan)) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________48
Figure 51: Major mode usually used by the students to commute to The University of Auckland (source:
(Asif Khan) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________49
Figure 52: Project's logo, Ego village; reflect futuristic innovative communities in parallel with cubism as
signature of the architectural design composition, visualized by the author. ________________________________59
Figure 53: LNOB-concept of leaving no one behind as a movement for strengthen and encouragement of
vulnerable groups, adopted by the United Nations through SDG goals, source: https://unsdg.un.org/2030-
agenda/universal-values/leave-no-one-behind visualized by the author. ____________________________________60
Figure 54: United nations SDG goals implemented in the design, visualized by the author. _________________60
Figure 55: Mood board for outdoor areas in the park, outdoor building's activities and LNOB scenario
mood board, source, done and visualized by the another. _____________________________________________________61
Figure 56: Spatial layout concept analysis, done and visualized by the author. ______________________________61
Figure 57: user scenario and village pillars, done and visualized by the author. _____________________________62
Figure 58: corporates of the business park, done and visualized by the author.______________________________62
Figure 59: Macro- zoning for the whole campus land; housing; (up left), academic; (down left) and
innovation park at the right. Proposal 1. source: designed and visualized by author. _______________________63
Figure 60: innovation park zoning,done and visualized by the author. _______________________________________64
Figure 61: Project's layout, 150 feddan, done and visualized by the author. _________________________________65

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Figure 62: ego village masterplan, done and visualized by author. ___________________________________________66
Figure 63: direct solar radiation range on SV- building facades, done, by ladybug and visualized by the
author.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________68
Figure 64: sustainable solutions done in the site showed in the diagram and environmentally sustainable
approaches, done, and visualized by the author. _______________________________________________________________69
Figure 65: environmental mitigations applied on the building facade and design sustainable
considerations, done and visualized by the author. ____________________________________________________________69
11. Figure 66: The showing section shows the rainwater harvest system implied underneath the
forest’s soil. source: designed and visualized by author. _______________________________________________________70
Figure 67: illustrate the type of native plantations and fauna situated in the site, visualized by author. ___71
Figure 68: street-urban section and flooring type outdoor, done and visualized by the author._____________71
Figure 69: native trees and plantations in the land, visualized by the author.________________________________71
Figure 70: trees study and family types, visualized by the author. ____________________________________________72
Figure 71: developing strategy of UN-habitat for Ras EL-Hekma, source: UN-habitat. ______________________72
Figure 72: Layout for start-up village and business park, showing that the building roofs will be used for
solar energy power (PV cells) (20% of roofs) in addition to green roofs; designed and visualized by author.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________74
Figure 73: skin study for building's elevations and materials used, done, and visualized by the author.____75
Table of Tables
Table 1: SV program, source: calculations done by author._____________________________________________________ 3
Table 7: The whole program including academic and housing areas. ________________________________________55
Table 8: Innovation Park Program _____________________________________________________________________________56
Table 9: open space areas program_____________________________________________________________________________56
Table 1: SV program, source: calculations done by author.____________________________________________________67

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1.Introduction
This thesis seeks to examine one of the latest mega projects that fits Egypt’s 2030 vision of a
competitive, balanced, and diversified economy built on justice, social integrity,
participation, and collaboration. This project is a university campus located in the new city
of Ras El-Hekma overlooking the Mediterranean (UN-Habitat, 2020).
1.1. Location
The concept of populating the northern coast is a result of overcrowding that mostly
originated in the Delta and the valley. The very first idea behind this project is to create a
smart, resilient city of the fourth generation that has the capacity to overcome any future
shocks across any natural or even man-made events (UN-Habitat, 2020). The proposed city
of Ras El-hekma lies on the northern Mediterranean coast, one hour and 70 km away from
Marsa Matrouh and two hours and 174 km away from Al Alamein. The city’s population is
expected to reach forty million by 2050. The economy of the new city is built on three pillars:
tourism, agriculture, and light industries. Ras El-Hekma relies on a variety of clean renewable
means of energy as well as green transportation. Ras El-Hekma has several advantageous
features including a lengthy coast that is 50 km long with some of the highest ranked beaches
in the world (UN-Habitat, 2020). The city is known for being a haven for various species of
sea turtles. The city’s triangular shape reduces the risk of flooding in case of sea level rise
and its topography maximizes the area that overlooks the beach, both factors significantly
increase the land value of the city.
1.2. Scope
The university campus is comprised of three zones: academic, housing and Innovation and
Technology Park. The academic core provides five interdisciplinary programs enabling the
students to face the future by merging the knowledge of different fields to keep up with the
rapid advancements of the world. The interdisciplinary programs focus on agriculture,
architecture, marine conservation, space sciences as well as tourism and hospitality fields. As
for the Innovation and Technology Park, it also adopts futuristic thinking keeping up with the
university. The park is open not only to students and faculty but also to the inhabitants of Ras
El-Hekma providing business and investment opportunities.

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1.3. Aim
This project aims to create a resilient campus. Resilience is an important goal in cities across
various fields. Resilience in the face of climate change and psychological resilience are the
main pillars of this project; given the threat climate change poses on the globe -and
specifically our waterfront location- and how transformative the college experience is.
The origin of the term “resilience” can be traced to the Latin word “resilio” which means to
either leap or spring back. Holling, one of the fathers of resilience studies, articulates the
concept as the capacity of a system to persist within a domain in the face of change (Holling,
Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems., 1973). The response of a specific system to
change depends on the system’s stability properties. The system’s behavior is, therefore,
controlled by variables and processes of change (Holling, Engineering Resilience versus
Ecological Resilience, 1996). This definition properly suits what has been happening globally
in recent years as people everywhere have been forced to confront challenges and adapt to
live specially after the COVID-19 pandemic.
1.4. Added Value
The added value of this project is provided in the form of a master plan. There are three main
aspects of resilience that are discussed: engineering resilience, which expresses the functional
stability of technological systems, ecological resilience which is associated with complex and
dynamic living systems acknowledging multiple equilibrium states enabling conditions for
persistence and finally, socio-ecological or adaptive resilience which aims to overcome the
limitations of both approaches in the sense that these approaches are static and do not address
the adaptive capacity of systems needed to adjust to slowly changing conditions. These
aspects encompass four main pillars to work on through this project: spatial context, built
environment, academic programs, and healthy community for students. Resilience is woven
into the fabric of the campus through these pillars.
The main concept in designing the spatial context of this campus is connectivity. The view
of the beach is maximized through the contoured land. The walkability of the campus further
guarantees its connectivity. Adapting to the students’ needs, diverse activities are provided in
every zone on the campus.
The campus buildings are designed to be architecturally resilient to withstand the
Mediterranean climate through minimal adaptive vernacular design. Collaboration between
interdisciplinary programs is encouraged by connecting all campus buildings. Renewable
energy resources are used to decrease energy consumption in compliance with the city’s

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vision. Sustainability of the campus is ensured by adhering to the integrated coastal
management framework.
Resilience can also be seen in the academic core of the campus. This university provides
academic programs that ensure future graduates can cope with the effects of any global
challenge or natural catastrophe. The programs tackle issues such as the sea level rise that
poses a threat to several areas on the northern coast of Egypt, the use of renewable energy
resources and the adaptability in agriculture in the face of water shortage. As for the
Innovation and Technology Park, it provides research facilities encouraging the continuity of
learning beyond college years to keep up with new scientific findings and adapt to change.
Careful thought is given to the students’ experience due to the significance of this phase, with
the aim of instilling a sense of belonging to the campus intensifying the students’
psychological resilience. This campus is a place for relaxation, forging lasting memories and
it is a steppingstone to the achievement of the students’ goals. It is also a place for students
to take initiative, be creative and learn valuable skills. A plethora of recreational activities is
provided taking full advantage of the waterfront location. Physical activities to improve
students’ health are provided by creating a walkable campus and providing cycling lanes. The
park introduces students to the job market providing a guided glimpse of the following phase
in their life. Students are encouraged to start their own business within designated areas of
the park, giving them purpose. Co-working spaces and informal gathering spaces are scattered
through the campus enabling students to interact more often to form social support networks.
Most importantly, all campus amenities are available throughout the day, creating a lively
campus ensuring that it has a lot more to offer besides education.
1.5. Target Audience
This campus caters to the needs of the students, faculty and public. The campus provides the
students and faculty with quality housing, state of the art academic facilities, sports centers,
entertainment areas and recreational activities. The park with all its amenities is accessible to
the public thus encouraging the engagement and interaction of students, faculty, and the
public.

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2. Site analysis
This chapter provides a detailed analysis of Ras El-Hekma as well as the project’s location
on three scales: regional scale, city scale and site scale. The analysis explains all factors
affecting the project including the location and its accessibility, topography, ecosystem, socio
economic studies, land use and environmental conditions. Also shown are the two proposed
sites for the project and a comparison between them. The featured studies justify the selection
of the waterfront site. This section also provides a detailed account of the route taken in Ras
El-Hekma during the site visit.
2.1. Regional scale
2.1.1. Location
Ras El-Hekma is a new city under development on the northern coast of Egypt. The city is
known for having some of the highest ranked beaches worldwide. Ras El-Hekma is part of
the urban development strategy for 2052 which aims to increase the percentage of inhabited
areas to accommodate the increasing population and reduce congestion within the Delta
region. By 2052, the population in Ras ElHekma is expected to have reached 40 million. Ras
El Hekma is on Alexandria-Matrouh Road overlooking the Mediterranean Sea as shown in
Figure 1.

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Figure 1: Ras El Hekma Location in Egypt, cairo and along the north coast. (Visualized by
the author)
2.1.2. Accessibility
Ras El-Hekma is situated between Marsa Matrouh and Sidi Abd El Rahman. The nearest city
is Marsa Matrouh which is 61.9 km away followed by Sidi Abd El Rahman which is 102 km
away then Al Alamein which is 144.6 km away. Alexandria is the furthest from Ras El-
Hekma as it is 256.6 km away. Ras El-Hekma is surrounded by three airports which are Marsa
Matrouh airport, Al Alamein airport and Borg El Arab airport. The nearest airport is Marsa
Matrouh airport which is 62.9 km away from the city as shown below in Figure 2.

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Figure 2: Accessibility map showing the proximity of Marsa Matrouh at distance of 61.9 km and at distance
62.9 km from its airport. (Visualized by the author)
2.1.3. Surrounding uses
Currently, there are 8 universities that serve the northern coast. The closest university to Ras
El Hekma University is Marsa Matrouh University which is 56 km and 49 minutes away. The
second closest university is Horus University which is 79 km and 67 minutes away while the
Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport (AAST) is 113 km and 99
minutes away, both universities are located in Al Alamein. Two other universities located in
Al Alamein: Al Alamein University and Japan University of science and technology. The
closest of the two is Al Alamein University which is 117 km and 100 minutes away. As for
Japan University, it is 184 km and 160 minutes away. The furthest universities are all located
in Alexandria: Senghor university, Alexandria university and pharos university, 227 km, 231
km, and 232 km away respectively. The previous universities can be reached by car in a
duration of 199 minutes, 200 minutes, and 203 minutes respectively. The following map,
Figure 3, shows the locations of the northern coast universities as well as the distance between
each university and the new Ras El-Hekma University. Ras al-Hekma has only one hospital
as per its development plan. Figure 4 shows a number of hospitals on the northern coast and
their distance from Ras Al-Hekma.

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Figure 4: surrounding health services map and its proximity from our site. (Visualized by the author)
Figure 3: Location of universities map and its proximity from our site circle of service
(visualized by the author)

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Figure 7:Alexandria Cornish
(Ezz_alDin, 2017)
2.1.4. Surrounding Landmarks
Alexandria, Al Alamein, Sidi Abd Al Rahman, and Marsa Matrouh are the surrounding cities
to Ras Al-Hekma as shown in Figure 5. Each city has its own famous features. Alexandria is
famous for its library, shown in Figure 10, which provides students with places to study apart
from reading areas. Alexandria is also famous for the Qaitbay citadel, shown in Figure 11
and its corniche, shown in Figure 7, which are major tourist attractions. Al Alamein is famous
for its towers, shown in Figure 6 and Figure 9. As for Marsah Matrouh, it is famous for its
beaches that have a unique aesthetic character and the Bedouin village, shown in Figure 8,
that is famous for medical tourism.
Figure 5:Nearest touristic cities & landmarks from Ras Al Hekma. (Source: google earth,. visualized by the
author)
Figure 6:The gates (edge, 2021)

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Figure 11:Qaitbay Citadel (Mansour,
2018)
2.1.5. Conclusion
Ras El-Hekma’s location is an attraction to Egyptians as well as foreigners due to several
factors. First, the city is accessible due to the presence of nearby airports and its connection
to Alexandria-Matrouh Road. Second, Ras El-Hekma is a waterfront city. This can be
reflected in Ras El-Hekma University by diversifying the activities and services provided in
order to cater to the needs of the different individuals frequenting the campus. Moreover, the
large capacity of the city set by its strategic plan and the fact that the nearest university is
almost an hour away indicate the necessity of implementing this project to serve the projected
40 million population as well as surrounding cities. This can be reflected by maximizing the
number of students that the campus can support. Furthermore, the fact that Ras El-Hekma is
a new city augments the necessity of using the highest levels of technology and indicates the
need for the campus to include fields of both study and work that can help the new city
flourish.
Figure 10:Alexandria Library
(Hassan, 2016)
Figure 9:Al Almein Towers
(mahmmoud, 2022)
Figure 8:Bedouin village (Meshally, 2019)

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2.2. City scale
2.2.1. Site Visit
This section reports the findings of students and faculty during their site visit. They took the
alexandria-matroh road form their faculty in abdo-basha it took 5 hours to reach ras al hekma
by passing by two rests. Ras AL Hekma has few buildings; some are modern at the entrance
of the city as shown in Figure (12) and the majority is old built with limestone that is the main
component of soil in Ras AL Hekma. The inhabitants worked in grazing and agriculture
leading to Ras al Hema being famous for olive and parchment fig. Some of the inhabitant’s
home raise pigeons. The train passes through Ras El Hekma. As for entertainment, there is a
playground. Its buildings are built with tilted roofs due to the rainy weather.
Figure 12:map showing the assigned trip, hierarchy of roads and paths (Source:
Author visualized by author)

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2.2.2. Street Network
The street network of Ras El Hekma shows that there is one arterial street passed by Ras El
Hekma highlighted in the following map by black line, also there are two main roads
highlighted in the following map by dashed blue line, that is supposed to surround all the
main activities of Ras El Hekma, one of them passes directly by the site location, Also there
is a train passes through the city which is highlighted in the following map by dashed yellow
line but it is at a distance from the project's location.
1.Residential
building
2.Residential
building
3.Train Rail
4.TV center
5.Agriclture Land 6.Mosque 7.Villa 8.Cattle
9.president Castle 10. Football Playground 11.Pigeon Nests
12.Buildings with sea view 13. Military zone 14.Tilted roofs

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2.2.3. Topography
Topography in Ras El-Hekma varies from one place to another, ranging from 1 m below sea
level to 164 m above sea level. As for the topography of the chosen waterfront site, it ranges
from -1 m to 36 m. The varying levels are advantageous due to the maximization of the view
of the sea. Figure 14 shows the topography of Ras El Hekma.
Figure 13:Street Network map and road hierarchy (source: UN-Habitat, visualized:
author)

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Figure 14: Contour of Ras Al Hekma. (Source: topographic-map.com, visualized: author)
Figure 15: map showing natural topography (soil nature) of the shore, declaring that site is of rocky shore,
visualized by the author.

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2.2.4. Environmental Analysis
The environmental analysis is based on data from Marsa Matruh due to its proximity to the
study area and the lack of data pertaining to the climate of Ras El-Hekma.
The software used are climate consultant 6 and grasshopper by ladybug plugin. From climate
consultant data like temperature range, radiation range, illumination range, dry bulb
temperature and relative humidity charts, sun shading chart and wind wheel chart were
extracted.
The following Figure 15 shows the temperature range chart. It is indicated that the
temperature ranges from 6 degrees to 46 degrees Celsius and the comfort range lies between
20 to 24 degrees Celsius.
Figure 16: Temperature Range chart
The radiation range chart Figure 16 is helpful in orienting photovoltaic cells that are to be
used to generate electricity as it indicates the best tilt angle for the solar cells.

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Figure 17:Radiation range
Figure 18:Illumination Range Chart
The Illumination range chart Figure 18 is good for daylighting design. In this chart, it is
obvious that the daylight illumination ranges from 10000 lux to 100000 lux.
Figure 19: illumination range

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Figure 20:Dry bulb temp. and relative humidity
The dry bulb temperature and the relative humidity charts show that the temperature is mostly
in the comfort zone while the relative humidity is high away from the comfort zone. The
relative humidity is higher in the morning than it is in the afternoon. Relative humidity is also
high in winter.
Figure 21:Dry bulb temp. and relative humidity
Figure 21 shows the sun shading chart at winter, where the range of shade provided by the
sun in summer and winter and whether it is above, below or within the comfort zone. In winter

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most of the hours is below the comfort zone <20 degrees, while at summer most of hours is
above the comfort zone >24 degrees.
Figure 22:Sun shading chart at winter
The wind wheel in the previous Figure 22 shows the temperature, relative humidity, the wind
speed, and direction. The figure indicates that the direction of the prevailing wind is north-
west with average relative humidity and temperature.
Figure 23:Wind wheel

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This figure shows the type of soil in Ras El-Hekma Figure 22 and Figure 23, which is
limestone which is useful mainly in agriculture. Limestone is the source of lime that is used
in water treatment and purification.
As shown in the following figure, the sun path diagram and dry bulb temperature illustrates
the temperatures statues.
Figure 24: Section in the land soil declaring which type of soil and its levels.
Figure 25: layout for the same piece of land by the seal declaring soil types and
constituents.

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For the summer solstice, it shows that the maximum temperature is expected to reach 34
degrees around 12 pm and gets down to 18 degrees.
For winter solstice, it shows that the temperature is relatively lower than the summer, that the
maximum temperature reaches 28 degrees in the morning, while at night it reaches 12
degrees.
Figure 26:Sun path diagram
2.2.6. Flora and Fauna
The following Figure 26 shows the flora and fauna in Ras El-Hekma before the
implementation of the development project. The map indicates the diversity of marine life

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including several sea turtle species as well as other fish. The map also indicates the presence
of plants that grow in the harsh desert climate including figs, olives, and aromatic plants.
Figure 27:: shows the flora and fauna in Ras El-Hekma (Source author trip, visualized by the author
While Figure 27 shows the expected flora and fauna of Ras El-Hekma after development.
The map highlights the location of the agricultural zone which is one of the pillars of the city
due to its contribution to its economy. The agricultural zone is in an area with suitable climate
for its proposed future.
Also Figure 27 concludes that full advantage of the agricultural lands should be taken through
a range of initiatives. The expansion of green space revitalizes the region surrounding Ras el-
Hekma City and creates a cycle of good, pure air.
There is concern of badly harming sea turtles' marine existence in response to the numerous
tourist initiatives on the seashores. There is concern that the marine fish population may be

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negatively impacted by the numerous projects by the sea, which could cause changes to the
marine life cycle, population, and environment. Establishing fish farmlands can manage those
issues.
Figure 28:shows the expected flora and fauna of Ras El-Hekma after development. (Source UN-Habitat,
visualized by the author)
2.2.7. Demographics
Ras al Hekma is currently an empty land where its inhabitants only work in agriculture. Ras
Al Hekma is famous for olive trees and the parchment fig. Inhabitants also work in grazing
sheep as shown in Error! Reference source not found. The housing is scattered and unplanned
due to poverty.

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The strategic development of Ras Al Hekma mainly aims to create mega agriculture projects,
light industries, development centers, and hotels. The people in the developed city work as:
farmers, factory workers, businessmen and hotel employees. The housing varies from low to
middle income, local housing near factories and some near the sea as well as high income
housing near the sea. Vacation communities are located downtown and in resorts.

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Figure 29: Demographics od Ras Al Hekma (source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author)

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Figure 30:: visual analysis of Ras EL-Hekma land as all (source: UN-Habitat, visualised
by author)
2.2.8. Visual Analysis
Ras al Hekma is surrounded by three edges; two of them are the sea and the third is a
weak edge. It is the highway Alexandria Matruoh Road. The main node in Ras al Hekma
is the city downtown. The green corridor separates each of the two different districts. The
marine is the main landmark in Ras al Hekma. The path might pass through a common
activity. (UN-habitat, 2020)

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2.2.9. Sensory Analysis
The first Scenario is reaching site 1 that overlooks the sea if the user came from east of
Egypt -Delta or al Almien- from Alexandria-Marsa Matrouh Road. The cars and trucks
on that road emit carbon dioxide that would give a bad impression when entering the city.
The train noise may also give a bad impression to the user. Agricultural lands spread good
refreshing and the sea is pleasant and relaxing. Reaching the site from Marsah Matroh
involves passing by the agricultural lands and the sea that positively impacts the user.
The second scenario is reaching site 2 that is located on the highway where cars and trucks
emit carbon dioxide and make noise. The agricultural lands provide a good view. Then,
industries emit carbon dioxide, and the trains make noise giving bad impressions to the
use.
Figure 31: Sensory Analysis and Impressions. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author)

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2.2.9. Conclusion
The location of Ras El Hekma as well as its strategic development plan is influential in
the conceptualization of this project and its program. Resilience - which is the concept
behind this project - is aligned with Ras El Hekma’s vision. As for the academic program,
fields of study that help advance Ras el Hekma were chosen such as agriculture which is
an important revenue source in Ras El Hekma and tourism to contribute to the touristic
region of the city.
The street network indicates the distance between the train and the project’s site. To
facilitate accessibility to the site, a bus shuttle service can be provided by the campus to
transport students to and from the train station.
The environmental analysis indicates the speed and direction of the wind which must be
considered when orienting buildings and can be helpful in electricity generation. This
analysis also indicates the need of shading elements to protect the buildings from the heat
during the summer.
This section also illustrates the various types of activities that can be found in Ras El
Hekma and the different plants and animals living in it. Also discussed are the
socioeconomic studies of the inhabitants of Ras El Hekma.

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2.3. Site Scale
2.3.1. Base-map
The base map defines the site dimensional shape and its relation to the surrounding
roads that access it. As shown in the following Error! Reference source not found., a
map of the site illustrates that it has a sea view that gives the site a special force. The
shoreline represented by red-dashed line which is to prevent hard structure and to be
respected through light structures. The site is surrounded by one main road edge
represented by bold dashed arrows showing both lanes of street and two secondary roads
represented by dashed arrow, also that are expected to help in the project's accessibility
study.
Figure 32: accessibility map for the site; showing the main surrounding roads, roads hierarchy and
directions. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author)

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2.3.2. Mobility
The site is located amidst many entertainments zone and services within walking distance
and can also be reached using bikes.
Figure 33: Mobility map showing the main roads uses directions, lanes, and capacity according to the
mobile type used upon. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author)
2.3.3. Land Use
The land use section's purpose is to show the surrounding features near the project’s site
to show how it would affect the hybrid activities expected to be in the site. The project’s
site is surrounded by different activities, with characteristics that are expected to help the
dynamic system of the project. As shown in the following figure, a land use map of the
site that overlooks the sea, while its eastern and southern sides provide mixed use
activities. The western side is a touristic land used by resorts and special resorts projects.
Each land use mentioned above is separated by a secondary street and a green corridor.

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Figure 34: basic land-use map for the site; showing highlighting a residential touristic resort by the
westside, mixed-use areas by the east side and southside of the land (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by
author)
2.3.4. Topography
The following figure shows the contour levels of the first site overlooking the sea, while
the lowest level is by the sea, some peaks are distributed through the land’s middle
sections. The following map shows contour of Site overlooking the sea; declares the
variety between 0 m elevation level by the sea and elevates reaching peaks of 35 meters
high above sea level highlighted in yellow green; creating variety in land values & views
for the same land.

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Figure 35: Contour map (source: (topographic-map, n.d.), visualized: author)
The following figures shows the different elevation levels at different sections in the land,
showing the views and the slopes of the ground at sections perpendicular to the sea view
level. The sections indicates that the land levels in this direction vary in the range of 30
meters with the highest two points being at 35 meters.
Figure 36; shows the elevation and slope of the land at its first section 1-1

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Figure 37; shows the slope of the ground and possible views at section1-2(source: google earth, visualized:
author)
Figure 38; shows slope & views of the ground at section1-3 (source: google earth, visualized: author)

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Figure 39:shows slope & views of the ground at section1-4 (source: google earth, visualized: author)
The following figures show the different elevational levels at different sections in the land,
showing the views and the slopes of the ground at sections parallel to the sea view level.
Observing from that.
Figure 40:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-1, (source: google earth, visualized: author)

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Figure 41: shows slope & views of the ground at section2-2,(source: google earth, visualized: author)
figure 42:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-3, (source: google earth, visualized: author)

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Figure 43: shows slope & views of the ground at section2-4, (source: google earth, visualized: author)
Figure 44:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-5, (source: google earth, visualized: author)

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Figure 45:shows slope & views of the ground at section2-6 for the seashore, (source: google earth,
visualized: author)
2.3.5. Views
This map shows the views of the site, from the northern west there is an open view to the
sea, at the northern east and southern east the view from the site is on the mixed use which
is occupied view and from the southern west the view is on the green corridor and on the
resorts area which is wide view area.
Figure 46:. (Source; UN-Habitat, visualized by author)

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2.3.6. Visual analysis
Figure 46 reflects the visual analysis of the site and the main landmark that is not far from
the site as well as the neighboring land-uses along with the main close nodes and edges.
Figure 47:: Visual Analysis map of the site that overlooking the sea,(source: topographic-map.com,
visualized: author)
2.3.8. Conclusion
From the previous analysis and studies, it is suitable to conclude that for mobility analysis,
the project’s site overlooks the water enabling the addition of relaxing and entertaining
activities as well as a pedestrian path along the beach and with the site surrounded by
three streets there is an advantage of enabling the separation of the main entrances and
service entrances also ensuring the ease of access to each zone of the campus from the
streets as shown in the following figure the illustration of main entrances for the campus
as well as the separation between the pedestrian, emergency and service entrances, but

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also with the sea presence, the materials of the buildings should be chosen well to be
suitable with minimizing the possibility of erosion.
For the land use analysis, the variety in activities surround the site, give the facility of
attraction to inner activities, encourages the safety of the site location, and ease the
flexibility of accessing the site by paths
For contour analysis, the buildings or forms orientation should be considered facing the
north and should have a sea view with the contoured land enables the maximization of the
view to all buildings within the campus. For the views and visual analysis, the site allows
the design of entrances overlooking the three streets surrounding it. This advantage allows
the separation of the main entrances and service entrances and ensures the ease of
accessing each zone of the campus from the surrounding streets.
The following Figure 47 shows the proposed entrance for the site. The site is surrounded
by streets from three directions enabling the design of several entrances and the separation
between service and emergency entrances and main or secondary entrances.
Figure 48: Possible entrances for the sea site, (Source: UN-Habitat, visualized: author)

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3.Universities in 24-hour cities
The phrase "24-hour city" was first used in the 1995 edition of ‘’Emerging Trends in Real
Estate’’ (Real Estate Research Corporation, 1995)to describe and refer to cities with
"several recognizable attributes" like "attractive residential neighborhood’s close to or
integrated with the central commercial district; convenient shopping opportunities close
to the workplace; a safe and secure environment; excellent mass transportation and
recreational, cultural and entertainment amenities". On page xvii the author believes that
Boston, Chicago, Las Vegas, Miami, New York, San Francisco, and Washington, DC, are
cities that fit this criterion. (By Hugh F. Kelly, 2016)
3.1. Theme definition
Cities can be classified into two categories: 24-hour cities and 9 to 5 cities. 24-hour cities
– also known as the cities that never sleep- are cities that embrace the night life. Night life
in cities is when people are more social and tend to consume more and regularly meet.
The presence of tourists, especially young people, also contributes to such night life.
Throughout history, people have been trying to colonize the world at night. The discovery
of electricity rendered their trials successful (Henckel, 2018). However, the expression
"24-hour city” was in fact formed due to the development of night-time entertainment
industries in European cities, especially in England. This expression is more accurately
related to activities such as recreation and entertainment. 24-hour cities are characterized
by their liveliness throughout the day as all services and activities are available day and
night. Other characteristics of these cities include apartment living, innovative restaurants,
high-tech hubs and late-night bookshops and cafés.
(Holmes, 2007). A misconception about 24-hour cities - being cities that never sleep - is
that they only provide recreational activities after dark. The 24 hour-ness of a city leads
to economic growth, innovation, higher levels of safety due to the constant foot traffic on
the streets throughout the day and talent attraction in hopes of finding better job
opportunities (Kelly, 2016). Furthermore, 24-hour cities are appealing to tourists, instill a
sense of belonging within their inhabitants and revitalize public spaces, particularly those
that are not used after a certain hour of the day. 24-hour cities affect how we interpret time

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blurring constraints such as night and day and require the reworking of biological clocks
and sleeping patterns (Henckel, 2018). However, 24-hour cities can have some
disadvantages. Violence, safety precautions, noise and traffic are typical worries about
keeping the city up all night. The human body and mind are built to work throughout the
day and rest at night. Shift workers are more likely to experience sleep disorders,
gastrointestinal difficulties, metabolic issues, diabetes, cancer, depression, and other
health issues (Klaasen, 2007). Finally, the main aim of 24-hour cities can be concluded in
the following: attracting visitors to the city during the night and providing activities that
revitalize urban nightlife and improve the economy of the city (Holmes, 2007).
3.1.1. Prospects of 24-hour cities
The nation's "24-hour cities" provides the best investment prospects. Urban or suburban,
these markets provide locations where people can live, work, and shop in comfort and
security. The investment outlook is dismal in "9-to-5" markets with shaky residential
fundamentals. (Kelly, 2016)
These definitions are undoubtedly qualitative and highly subjective. However, since it
was suggested that a city's 24-hour status would have an impact on investment success, a
measurable indicator, there has been a compelling need to establish comparable
quantitative standards for determining a place's 24-hour status. Cities were also shown to
be quite dynamic over time, influenced by a variety of changes. Understanding how some
cities have developed their 24-hour nature is crucial while other cities have adopted a
different urban form over the years. (Kelly, 2016)
3.2. Hollands and Chatterton 24-hour city model
3.2.1. City model users
According to Hollands and Chatterson (Chatterton, 2002, p. 292)who cite Florida (2003),
the primary consumers of a city's nightlife and cultural economy are "young urban service
workers, graduates and students, knowledge professionals, and cultural intermediaries."
Swansea was the subject of a survey by Thomas and Bromley (Thomas, 2000) to find out

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how people use the city centers at night and in the evening. Most of the responders spent
the evening in central Swansea's theatres, restaurants, retail centers, movies, and pubs.
Each of these locations appealed to various groups of people in different ways. For
instance, both middle-aged and younger age groups turned to late-night shopping, while
the younger age group (16-29 years) was more attracted to theatres, bars, and clubs.
Young individuals are more likely than the overall population to frequent bars and clubs,
according to (Chatterton, 2002). He says that in recent years, it has been discovered that
young people are drawn to café-style pubs. The central city's activity patterns could be
varied by street entertainment and festivals as well as imaginatively planned events at
places like museums, galleries, and recreation centers to boost the social diversity
(Thomas, 2000)
Figure 49: key education components for 24-hour cities; source: (Kelly, 2016, p. 218)
Higher education enrollment and producer services employment, a metric of human
capital in the workforce, are statistically correlated. Poll respondents' responses to the
schooling question revealed more aspects. Instead of witnessing a migration to the
suburbs, attention to elementary and secondary education is thought to assist cities in
keeping that energy and that human capital through the childrearing years. (Kelly, 2016)

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3.3. City model aspects
3.3.1. Safety
Because they were worried about their safety, nearly half of the Swansea survey
respondents chose not to take the bus to get to the CBD. By providing adequate public
transportation, it was possible to improve access to the area and support the growth of the
nighttime (Chatterton, 2002); Thomas & Bromley, 2000). In particular, (Thomas,
2000)stressed the importance of increased security on board and at significant
transportation hubs.
3.3.2. Culture & nightlife activities
Negative consequences of the 24-hour project and the active nightlife include crime,
violence, and disruption (Chatterton, 2002). Alcohol consumption has increased,
particularly during late hours, in numerous cities around the world (Peters, 2010). A few
of the nighttime occurrences have an alcohol consumption component. In Britain, heavy
drinking was found to be related with mostly male and young people (Charles Landry,
1995). However, as an issue would not be the with such an appearance or impact in our
society.
3.4. Urban tourism
Urban tourism is travel within cities (LAW, 2002). (LAWTON, 1997, pp. Vol. 6, Issue 3-
4, pp. 123-142. 1997. ) notes that many people travel to big cities (LAW, 2002). They
travel to center cities because of their wide range of uses and activities (LAWTON, 1997).
Transport is unquestionably necessary for travelers to go around and visit various
locations. According to (ALBALATE, 2010, pp. Vol. 31, Issue 3, pp. 425-433) urban
tourists prefer not to use private transportation due to the high expense, difficulty, and
inconveniences of driving. They are more inclined to take the bus or train. Three-fourths
of tourists in Manchester used public transportation, according to a study. A city must
showcase its competitive edge if it wants to draw in more tourists (ENRIGHT, . 2005.,
pp. Vol. 43, pp. 339-350). According to research by (ENRIGHT, . 2005.), nightlife, retail,

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and transportation facilities all contribute to a destination's competitiveness. According to
their statistical analysis, nightlife is rated highly in Hong Kong and Singapore, two cities.
3.5. Case study
AUCKLAND CBD AND THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND
The CBD is Auckland's center for business, culture, recreation, and leisure.
It is a triangular region with a total area of 433 hectares. (Council, 2003)
Figure 50: 49 The University of Auckland and Auckland University of Technology are depicted on a map
of the Auckland CBD in Fig. 1. (Source: created by the authors using the GIS Viewer for Auckland
Council. (Asif Khan))
Over the years, there has been a steady rise in the number of visitors staying in the city
centre, which doubled between 1991 and 2001. Their time there has also changed. The
largest city in New Zealand is the Auckland CBD. Employment is currently 78,000
employees, up 30% over the past ten years. Over the years, it has consistently employed
about 25% of Auckland City's workforce.
The fourth major industry in the centre is tertiary education, which employs 5.7% of the
workforce. In terms of square footage, the education sector occupies about 15% of the
CBD's office space. In 2002, this sector accounted for 29% of all employment in the
education sector in Auckland City due to growth in the CBD. Around 100 educational
institutions were in the central city that year. These include governmental higher
institutions, private training facilities and private secondary schools. The largest of these
are UOA and AUT, which currently have roughly 19,000 and 30,000 students enrolled,
respectively. They are situated in the CBD's easternmost region (Fig. 1). One of the top

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universities in the world and the biggest in New Zealand is the University of Auckland. It
has five campuses, with the largest one taking up 20.3 hectares of space in the city center
(Auckland, 2010-2011). Unlike other universities, the University of Auckland is open
from 8 am to 6 pm, with most of its classes taking place from 9 am to 5 pm. Additionally,
most university offices are open from 9 am to 5 pm. The university is unable to bridge the
time gap between business closure and nighttime activities in the city center due to this
pattern of operation. Moreover, the staff and students must travel during the morning and
evening rush hours, which adds to the congestion in the CBD.
Figure 51: Major mode usually used by the students to commute to The University of Auckland (source:
(Asif Khan)
The modal shares for the primary mode of transportation to the institution are shown in
Fig. 3. Contrary to the pattern observed in Auckland, children made substantial use of
public transportation, with more than 63% of them taking the bus, rail, or boat to get to
school. With 51%, the bus had the highest modal share.
This case study concludes that the University of Auckland's large student body can help
the city center work more effectively if the university's operating hours are extended as
they are at many other similar campuses across the world (e.g., The University of Sydney,
Australia). The time after the offices and shopping centers in the CBD close is one of the
major obstacles preventing the nighttime economy from thriving. People are rarely
encouraged to enter the CBD in the late evening to partake in various nocturnal events
because the streets become deserted.

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Since many students utilize public transportation, it is likely that most of them use it at
Britomart, the city's transportation center, and other CBD places. Since university students
often have a positive reputation with the public, their presence and activity would heighten
the natural surveillance, which has been highlighted as a critical factor for making people
feel safer and enticing them to visit the city center. The students themselves might
frequent the stores and cafes and partake in the after-dark activities. By enticing more
people to stay longer and draw them to downtown in the evening, through a variety of
activities, the nighttime economy could thrive, and the nightlife could be made exciting
and entertaining.
More tourists are probably going to visit Auckland if there is a thriving nightlife, which
also meets the needs of the creative class. Auckland's economy might expand more
quickly if it attracted and kept more international tourists as well as highly skilled workers.
3.6. Guidelines
The idea of a 24-hour city is interesting, especially considering the large number of
individuals who work irregular hours and night shifts. A city environment that is always
changing and buzzing might be created by 24-hour hair salons, gyms, cinemas, stores,
restaurants and bars where everyone can experience a fulfilling work/life balance
regardless of their working schedule. Some argue that cities that don't progressively shift
toward a more inclusive, around-the-clock society are losing significant potential. Public
transportation needs to be improved if cities are to operate 24 hours a day. The nighttime
workforce, guests, and tourists will profit from this. In addition to providing a more
frequent and significantly safer way to travel across the city at night, London's night buses,
aboveground trains, and tubes have all been shown to significantly improve the city's
economy (Association, 2020). So, the guidelines for 24-hours cities, is to provide
amenities, transportation, safety, and activities 24 hours a day.
As for the university scale, it resembles the city scale in the need for providing amenities,
safe streets and paths and some activities that are available 24 hours a day. The previous
research resulted in the following outcomes:
First, providing various nighttime entertainment activities within the campus such as:
sports centers that can host nighttime tournaments, rental booths for students to share their
work and start small businesses within campus, restaurants and shops so that the students
can purchase necessities without wasting time in commute outside the campus. Other
entertaining activities include hosting festivals and carnivals as well as a nighttime

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outdoor cinema. All the above-mentioned activities work on making the campus lively
and busy.
Academic facilities should provide flexible hours to the students enabling to create their
own schedule with the possibility of lectures as well as tutorials being held at night. This
benefits a wider variety of students especially the ones who work and need to balance
their life between work and education as well as foreign students coming from different
time zones who need schedules that cater to their biological clock. Academic facilities
such as the library and co working space should be available all throughout the day so that
students can find a place to turn to during group studies, projects, or exam preparations.
Thermal comfort must be considered to enable performing different outdoor activities
through different seasons and different times of the day. Vegetation selection and dynamic
shading elements are key to achieving thermal comfort. Shading elements, water features
and plantations must be considered to achieve thermal comfort during summer. As for
winter, outdoor heaters, deciduous trees and sheltered areas should be available in case of
extreme weather.
Smart lighting systems that use sensors should be employed all around the campus to help
in conserving energy. Instead of illuminating the campus all throughout the night the
campus's zones are only illuminated when they are being used.
Moreover, a bus shuttle service can be provided by the campus all throughout the day to
transport students outside the campus and mainly to and from public transportation
stations.
These guidelines aim to instill a sense of belonging within the students by making the
campus livelier and safer even during dark hours. Through these guidelines the campus
can cater to the different people using it as well as their different needs. Furthermore,
these guidelines ensure the efficiency of the campus as all spaces within it can be used
throughout the day as well as the self-sufficiency of the campus where every amenity,
educational or otherwise, is provided by the campus.
.
3.7. Conclusion
There are several parameters that should be withstood to reach a 24-hour city model, such
as: Consumption patterns of electricity, population density, the amount of traffic on the
roads between 9am and 5pm, the percentage of commuters using public transportation,

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the number of 24-hour pharmacies within ten miles of the city center, restaurant ratings
and other factors are among the criteria. Two categories of services should be provided to
implement a 24-hour city model: some for all day long and some for certain periods of
the day.
3.7.1. Project implementation
Through this research a variety of guidelines have been deduced to keep this campus in
line with 24-hour cities.
First, providing various nighttime entertainment activities within the campus such as:
sports centers that can host nighttime tournaments, rental booths for students to share their
work and start small businesses within campus, restaurants and shops so that the students
can purchase necessities without wasting time in commute outside the campus. Other
entertaining activities include hosting festivals and carnivals as well as a nighttime
outdoor cinema. All the above-mentioned activities work on making the campus lively
and busy.
Academic facilities should provide flexible hours for the students enabling to create their
own schedule with the possibility of lectures as well as tutorials being held at night. This
benefits a wider variety of students, especially the ones who work and need to balance
their life between work and education as well as foreign students coming from different
time zones who need schedules that cater to their biological clock. Academic facilities
such as the library and co working space should be available all throughout the day so that
students can find a place to turn to during group studies, projects, or exam preparations.
Thermal comfort must be considered to enable performing different outdoor activities
through different seasons and different times of the day. Vegetation selection and dynamic
shading elements are key to achieving thermal comfort. Shading elements, water features
and plantations must be considered to achieve thermal comfort during summer. As for
winter, outdoor heaters, deciduous trees and sheltered areas should be available in case of
extreme weather.

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Smart lighting systems that use sensors should be employed all around the campus to help
in conserving energy. Instead of illuminating the campus all throughout the night the
campus's zones are only illuminated when they are being used.
Moreover, a bus shuttle service can be provided by the campus all throughout the day to
transport students outside the campus and mainly to and from public transportation
stations.
These guidelines aim to instill a sense of belonging within the students by making the
campus livelier and safer even during dark hours. Through these guidelines the campus
can cater to the different people using it as well as their different needs. Furthermore,
these guidelines ensure the efficiency of the campus as all spaces within it can be used
throughout the day as well as the self-sufficiency of the campus where every amenity,
educational or otherwise, is provided by the campus.

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4.Program
For the program, the site has been divided into zones to serve the academic programs.
Zone [A] is the zone for medical purpose in this zone there will be laboratories (chemical,
dentistry and VR for simulating surgeries), Research and development buildings and
medical instruments and gadgets (design and manufacturing). Zone [B] for marine and
tourism purpose it includes marine life museum, Research and development buildings,
offices buildings and Retail and commercial buildings. Zone [C] is related to innovation
and sustainability it serves engineering and space students in the academic zone as well it
includes business office Buildings, Innovation hub, Laboratories for (Instruments,
inventions, and VR), Inventions Expo, Bank, Workshops, Headquarters and YUNUS
ENVR Hub for recycling. Zone [D] is related to Art and Crafts it includes Art studios,
Workshops, Theatre and Amphitheatre.
The zones are divided according to its relativity for the number of students in each
academic Program. Therefore, Zone [A] is 25% of the park total area (60 Feddan), Zone
[B] is 20% of the park total area, Zone [c] is 40% of the park total area, Zone [c] is 15%
of the park total area. While the sub zones in each zone and its percentage is concluded
from the study of the case studies and relevant to the site area and program.
The green spaces, Roads and services are Calculated for each zone separately, as the green
area percentage for each zone is 33% of the zone area, the Roads area percentage is 22%
for each zone and the services footprint is calculated for each zone separately. Figure 88
shows the Zones percentage in pie chart. While Figure 87, Figure 88, Figure,and Figure
shows the pie chart of the sub zones percentages of each zone A,B,C,D respectively.
Figure 87: Zones percentages Figure 88: Zone A subzones percentages

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Figure 89: Zone B subzones percentages
Figure 91: Zone D subzones percentages
The following Table 8 and Table 9 show the program of the innovation park on detailed
table, with total Area 60 Feddan and 18% footprint (10.8 feddan).
Table 2: The whole program including academic and housing areas.
Figure 90: Zone C subzones percentages

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Table 3: Innovation Park Program
Table 4: open space areas program

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5. project design proposal
5.1. project summary
Establishment of a whole campus of Ras EL-Hekma university by the seashore
The projects include academic campuses, innovation parks, and different housing
prototypes for students and staff.
Follow Egypt’s vision of 2030 in sustainable development and establishing new
communities and populating the Mediterranean coast to unleash the population traffic of
the capital.
Develop the main three pillars of Ras EL-Hekma of agricultural, touristic, light industries
leadership and development.
Establishing an innovative environment for the seed of any communities (youth) to
prepare them for the new trend in business and innovation fields.
Establishing a start-up environment incubator for business development and career
promotion.
5.2. Project’s components
5.2.1. Built up area.
The built-up areas, with an area of 150 feddans (60 feddans of innovation park; 15 feddan
start-up village, 30 feddan housing and 60 feddan academic campus) with 16 to 20%
footprint for the total land footprint and maximum of 1.1 FAR in the start-up village of
(67,000 sq meters.)
Academic campus: Five disciplines; agriculture, tourism, engineering, marine and
medicine.
Innovation Park: green business part, medical part, touristic part, art & craft part, and start-
up village.
Housing prototypes for students, staff, and guests.

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Service roads interconnected system of parking, drop-offs, service roads, shared streets,
and underground parking.
Coastal platform for diving and touristic scenery.
-Corporates and establishments of maximum (from 16 to 20%) of total innovation park
footprint area.
-Start-up village of maximum FAR 1.1 of total startup village footprint (15 feddan)
-Housing condominiums for 20% of total users of the academic branch (18,000 total
students).
- Entertainment hub kiosks: their area amounts to 4% of the total built-up area of the
project.
- Restaurant for working areas: its area represents 2.5% of the total built-up area of the
project.
Electricity rooms: their area amounts to 1.5% of the total built-up area of the project.
- Boilers: their area amounts to 0.6% of the total built-up area of the project.
- Water purification plant: its area amounts to 1.6% of the total built-up area of the project.
6. Design concept
6.1. Vision
A vibrant free community that enhances thinking and ideas elaborations; in a stress-free
environment in a biophilic - park, open air activities up & on ground. Variety elaborates
creativity and innovation which pursue progressive. development with assets of futuristic
approaches, AI & Ar. the potentials are infinite. For creating an integrated community
that can perform and express its cultural diversity solely and in groups, here. which all
personalities are welcomed and encouraged. While the development of civilization and
technologies came as a cumulated process of every pioneer in its field, we should all
incorporate in the evolution and call for ‘Leaving-No-one-Behind.’ As a commitment to
end extreme poverty in all its forms (money.
resources, morality, culture, education.) and ensure for who. have been left behind can
catch up to those who have experienced. greater progress. LNOB as a shared framework
on equality and non-discrimination at the heart of sustainable development.as well as the

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theory of change should be based to the needs. of each country (demand) and through the
available resources (supply); so according to Egypt’s agenda for 2030 in sustainable
development and throughout Ras El-hekma city pillars of (Agriculture, Industry,
Tourism) starting with the education.
and research sector to effectively integrate with the experienced. greater progress actors
of development and success. that would revolutionize the social so the economy and
environment.
Figure 52: Project's logo, Ego village; reflect futuristic innovative communities in parallel with cubism as
signature of the architectural design composition, visualized by the author.
.
6.2. Concept
Designing an eco-village ecological smart innovation village for business and business
technology incubation. With eco theme of ego-village maximum density of maximum
potentials that is shown on the density of the buildings making the village along with
definition of the village as a interconnection between the indoor and the outdoor, the
buildings and the streets, outpaces crating a spatial context of a small village, this is the
inter-relation that creates the essence of a village or a city of people as it not just a place
or a building or indoor space or activity, however its more than this it’s a whole life,
details, spaces,; it’s all about proximity, hierarchy, variety solidarity and creating a strong
inter-corelated community through urban and architecture design elements and pillars,

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along with establishing a stress free, ecological, sustainable community and environment;
that act as a seed for the growth of its users not just residents and act as incubator and
housing for upcoming leading generations and futuristic leading start-ups.
Figure 53: LNOB-concept of leaving no one behind as a movement for strengthen and encouragement of
vulnerable groups, adopted by the United Nations through SDG goals, source: https://unsdg.un.org/2030-
agenda/universal-values/leave-no-one-behind visualized by the author.
Figure 54: United nations SDG goals implemented in the design, visualized by the author.

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6.3. Moodboard
Figure 55: Mood board for outdoor areas in the park, outdoor building's activities and LNOB scenario
mood board, source, done and visualized by the another.
6.4. layout spatial analysis
Figure 56: Spatial layout concept analysis, done and visualized by the author.

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Figure 57: user scenario and village pillars, done and visualized by the author.
Figure 58: corporates of the business park, done and visualized by the author.

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7. zoning
7.1. Zoning 150 feddans
The land overlooks the sea from its northern side and surrounded with two secondary
roads from the right and the left, while accessed by main road from the southern edge of
the land. It is planned for the project as whole to contain a campus, housing units and an
innovation park.
Figure 59: Macro- zoning for the whole campus land; housing; (up left), academic; (down left) and
innovation park at the right. Proposal 1. source: designed and visualized by author.
7.2. Zoning innovation park (60 feddans)
It is desired to establish an innovation park; that contains a start-up village as one of its
major constituents in a campus complex, that is as previously pointed to, in a definite
location that has an access from the main road, besides the secondary road, till reaches the
edge of the land to the sea. Which includes a start-up village in the business part, medical
housing
Academic

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part, touristic part, and an artistic part; Each one by which makes a focal attraction for its
function that is interconnected with a program in the main campus. The underline zoning
shows the distribution of each part in the innovation park precisely.
Figure 60: innovation park macro-zoning, done and visualized by the author.

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Figure 61: Project's layout, 150 feddan, done and visualized by the author.

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Figure 62: ego village masterplan, done and visualized by author.

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8. Startup-village-program
Spaces Total % FootPrint FAR BUA
252000 20% 50400 1.1 277200
63000 20% 12600 1.1 69300
number area total FootPrint outdoor spaces area
single studios 90 70 6300 0 coworking space 4000
family studios 80 100 8000 0 resturant 1500
studios' services 10 50 500 0 kiosk 3000
GYM 2 600 1200 0 entertianment 6000
Yoga 8 100 800 0 exhibition 2000
resturant 3 500 1500 500 relaxation zone 3400
reception 5 140 700 700 work 6000
lounges 14 80 1120 240 housing zone 6000
playing rooms 10 40 400 0 parking and street 1500
Café 6 200 1200 600 paths and plazas 4000
coworking spaces 60 150 9000 1050 mixed zone 6500
Offices 70 80 5600 640 reading area 2000
meeting rooms 50 60 3000 240 open green area 10000
open plan offices 55 375 20625 1125
MPU 3 400 1200 400
Prodcast studios 9 200 1800 0
Library 1 500 500 0
workshop 6 900 5400 900
Labs 4 200 800 200
Exhibition 3 750 2250 750
gallery 4 500 2000 0
core 25 230 5750 690
Security& cctv 5 40 200 120
IT 4 100 400 0
80245 9655 65555
Table 5: SV program, source: calculations done by author.

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9. Sustainable solutions
Figure 63: direct solar radiation range on SV- building facades, done, by ladybug and visualized by the
author.
This project of innovation park, especially of business part and start-up village aims to
create a stress-free environment for work, creation, development, and innovation; by
establishing a centralized biophilic forest in the heart of the business park with all the
corporates overlooking this green spine, while it explodes and merge in the heart of the
village reinforcing the theme of the village pillars.
In addition to it aims to promote the ecosystem of this land geographical, topographical,
and vegetational species of hot-arid-Mediterranean vegetation.

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Figure 64: sustainable solutions done in the site showed in the diagram and environmentally sustainable
approaches, done, and visualized by the author.
Figure 65: environmental mitigations applied on the building facade and design sustainable
considerations, done and visualized by the author.

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10.Mitigation approaches
10.1. Water resources
• Benefiting from rainwater conservation in the showing section shows the
rainwater harvest system implied underneath the forest’s soil and store it in
underground tubes, that will be used to assist in vegetation, water streams,
buildings freshwater, etc.
• Benefiting from water Treatment from the sewage plant (tertiary treated
wastewater) in a Way that does not harm the environment, such as planting green
areas.
• Insulating the basis for dumps properly with proper insulation of bitumen, etc..,
shooter and disposals so that does not affect the ground or reach the ground water.
11. Figure 66: The showing section shows the rainwater harvest system implied underneath the forest’s
soil. source: designed and visualized by author.
10.2. flora
Establishing a huge green network and biophilic forest that act as the lungs for the whole
project, using the native plantations in the site, surrounded with vibrant out open spaces
for users.

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Figure 67: illustrate the type of native plantations and fauna situated in the site, visualized by author.
Figure 68: street-urban section and flooring type outdoor, done and visualized by the author.
Figure 69: native trees and plantations in the land, visualized by the author.

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Figure 70: trees study and family types, visualized by the author.
10.3. Fauna
Figure 71: developing strategy of UN-habitat for Ras EL-Hekma, source: UN-habitat.

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Transporting the existing natural animals’ habitat to the targeted places for the agricultural
lands in the developing strategy of Ras EL-hekma, so as not to deteriorate the habitat and
preserve it functionally with experts and in adequate place that acclimate their needs.
10.4. Marine life
• Limiting the access of the beach during the day and prohibiting during the night, to
preserve the life, eggs of some of the marine life, as well as for cleaning rounds over the
beach for proper waste collect and disposal.
10.5. Human health
As it could be affected by the car fumes and mixed-use, there was designed the green
network as lungs for the whole project, as well as surrounding the parking’s with heavy
shadings plantations as barrier for air pollution.
10.6. Energy resources
Benefiting from the city’s 4th generation renewable energy resource stations (wind
energy, solar energy, and sea water waves energy.) while establishing small station for
solar panels over the engineering, agricultural programs buildings in the academic
campus; in addition, two establishing a huge overhead shade in the start-up village that is
equipped with roof solar panels distributed in some areas of its openings to store energy
needed.
10.6.1. Solar panels production
Solar panels cover 70 %
Panel cover an area of 5,300 m²
Panel is 20% efficient:
2,650 x 0.2 = 1,060 kw

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Your area gets 5 sun hrs./day:
530 x 4 = 5,300 KW/h per day
That is the measure that will be produced internally in the projects and the rest will be
provided by the city stations.
Figure 72: Layout for start-up village and business park, showing that the building roofs will be used for
solar energy power (PV cells) (20% of roofs) in addition to green roofs; designed and visualized by
author.
10.7. Materials and design considerations.
Dependency as much as possible on sustainable materials in design and construction
indoors and outdoors, to minimize the transportation and purchasing cost, along with
maximizing the users thermal comfort along with the climate of the site.
Reduce, reuse, recycle, recover and disposal approach (4R strategy) is to be more
sustainable means in the waste management approaches. That will save from the
prospected material to be used and implemented and will save from the needed raw

75 | P a g e
materials and resources for the construction and establishment, reduce environmental
pollution, reduce the disruption of natural habitat and plantation.
Materials:
• Limestone (in construction)
• Light colors for the facades
• Vertical & horizontal louvres (horizontal in the south, vertical in the east & west
orientations) in addition to the possibly of implementing façade transparent
curtain wall- solar panels in design; especially in the south orientation.
• Using wider glass/ curtain wall panels in the north and western-north orientations.
• Implementing vegetation and landscape for shading for the outdoor spaces in hot
orientations.
• Implementing variety of shading techniques for the outdoor interactive spaces;
semi-closed glass cubes, pergolas, vegetation, overhead shade, and louvres.
• Implementing water streams, lake in the prevailing orientations along with well
suited outdoor functions, creating a refreshing environment.
• HBRC bricks from recycled agriculture wastes.
• Low e emissive glass.
• Limestone in façade finishes interior and exterior for cool thermal comfort.
Figure 73: skin study for building's elevations and materials used, done, and visualized by the author.

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