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Aralin 2. Kakapusan
Kakapusan: Kahulugan
Pangulo ka ng isang bansa na may malawak na lupa na mainam
para sa pagtatanim. Ano ang ipag-uutos mong itanim?
Food Crops tulad ng
gulay at prutas?
Tabako na isang cash crop
at mahal na maibebenta?
Food Crops o Tabacco?
Food crops revenue
$ 206
Billion
Worldwide
In 2016
Kung Tabacco ang napili mo, ang Opportunity Cost ay ang halaga
na maaari mo sanang makuha sa pagtatanim ng food crops:
Pero…
Katumbas ang:
16 bata/minuto
1000/oras
24000/araw
8million/taon
Food crops o Tabacco?
Kung food crops ang napili mo, ang Opportunity Cost ay ang
halaga na maaari mo sanang makuha sa pagtatanim ng tabako:
Katumbas ang:
10 tao/minuto
600/oras
14400/araw
5256000/taon
Pero…
Food Crops o Tabacco?
Kaya’t ang pagtatanim ng Tabako ay isang
malaking pagkakamali dahil ito’y pag-aaksaya ng
scarce o limited resources!
• Hindi ito makakatulong sa problema ng
kagutuman sa mundo at,
• Higit itong magpapalala sa problema sa
kalusugang dulot ng paninigarilyo
Food Crops o Tabacco?
Ang pagtatanim ng Food Crop ay isang matalinong
desisyon dahil ito ang mas kailangan ng mundo.
• Makatutulong sa suliranin ng
kagutuman sa mundo at,
• Makatutulong na mabawasan ang
suliraning hatid ng paninigarilyo
KAKAPUSAN
 Sainyong palagay, bakit napakamahal ng presyo
ng bigas sa Pilipinas?
 Solusyon ba ang pag-aangkat ng bigas sa ibang
bansa upang mapababa ang presyo nito?
Pangatwiranan
1. Nabigyang kahulugan ang Production Plan at Production
Possibilities Frontier,
2. Nailarawan sa pamamagitan nito ang konsepto ng
choices, trade-off, opportunity cost at kakapusan;
3. Nasuri ang efficient o masinop na pamamaraan ng
paggamit ng scarce resources sa pamamagitan ng PPF; at
4. Nakabuo ng sariling Production Plan at Production
Possibilities Frontier (PPF).
KAKAPUSAN
KAKAPUSAN
Balikan natin… Ekonomiks
Scarcity
Unlimited wants and
needs
Limited resources
Choices
Ano ang gagawin?
Paano gagawin? Gaano karami?
Para kanino?
KAKAPUSAN
Unang Tanong: Ano ang gagawin?
Sagot: Food Crop
Trade off
Opportunity Cost
Marginal Thinking
Incentives
Ikalawang Tanong: Paano gagawin?
Sagot: Sa pinaka-efficient na pamamaraan
• Matipid
• Lubos na napakinabangan
• Walang naaaksaya
KAKAPUSAN
Gaano ba ka-efficient o masinop ang mga Pilipino sa
pagkonsumo ng bigas?
KAKAPUSAN
EFFICIENCY SCARCITY
Production Plan Production Possibilities
Frontier/Curve (PPF)
Parehong nagpapakita ng mga ‘choices’ at alternatibo upang
mapamahalaan ng maayos ang limitadong resources.
OPTION
A 900 0
B 750 250
C 550 450
D 350 650
E 150 850
F 0 100
PRODUCTION PLAN Resources: 1 sako ng harina
Malinaw na ipinapakita
ng Production Plan ang
konsepto ng:
• Choice
• Trade off
• Opportunity Cost
OPTION
A 0 900
B 250 750
C 450 550
D 650 350
E 850 150
F 1000 0
PRODUCTION PLAN Ang bawat desisyon ay may palaging may
kaakibat na opportunity cost.
Ang harinang ginamit mo sa paggawa ng
Pizza ay hindi mo na maaaring magamit sa
paggawa ng burger. Kapag dinagdagan mo
ang gagawin mong pizza mababawasan
ang burger na magagawa mo.
Situation 1
Dati 250 na Pizza lamang ang aking
ginagawa, pero nagdesisyon akong
dagdagan pa ito ng 200. Ano ang
opportunity cost ng ginawa kong desisyon?
200 na Burger
OPTION
A 0 900
B 250 750
C 450 550
D 650 350
E 850 150
F 1000 0
PRODUCTION PLAN Situation 2
Ang restaurant ni Minnie ay kasalukuyang
gumagawa ng 450 na Pizza, kung
daragdagan ito ng 400, ano ang
opportunity cost?
400 na Burger
Situation 3
Kung ang tindahan ni Juan ay gumagawa
ng 150 na burger, ano ang magiging
opportunity cost kung daragdagan ito ng
600?
600 na Pizza
OPTION
A 0 900
B 250 750
C 450 550
D 650 350
E 850 150
F 1000 0
PRODUCTION PLAN Situation 4
Mula sa dating 150, dinagdagan ni Leah
ng 750 ang burger na kanyang ginagawa.
Ano ang opportunity cost?
850 na Burger
Situation 5
Dati gumagawa lamang si Loise ng 250 na
Pizza. Pero isang araw nagdesisyon
siyang gamitin ang lahat ng kanyang
sangkap sa paggawa ng Pizza. Ano ang
opportunity cost
750 na Burger
OPTION
A 0 900
B 250 750
C 450 550
D 650 350
E 850 150
F 1000 0
PRODUCTION PLAN Situation 6
Dahil matumal ang benta, binawasan ni
Luclle ang ginagawa niyang Burger mula
750 sa 350. Ano ang opportunity cost?
400 na Pizza
Posible ba na makagawa ng 1000 na
Pizza at 600 na Burger?
Hindi, dahil lagpas na ito sa
hangganan na maaaring magawa ng
iyong resource
(1 sakong harina)
OPTION
A 0 900
B 250 750
C 450 550
D 650 350
E 850 150
F 1000 0
PRODUCTION PLAN Posible ba na makagawa ng 400 na Pizza
at 200 na burger? Oo
Alin sa mga option mula A hanggang F ang
pipiliin ko na nagpapakita ng efficient na
paggamit ng resource?
Lahat.
Hindi dahil ito’y inefficient.
Masasayang ang aking sangkap at di ko
ito lubos na mapapakinabangan
Gagawin ko ba ito?
OPTION Pizza Burger
A 900 0
B 750 250
C 550 450
D 350 650
E 150 850
F 0 1000
B U R G E R
P
I
Z
Z
A
A
B
C
D
E
F F
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
A
B
C
D
E
Production Possibilities Frontier
(PPF)
B U R G E R
P
I
Z
Z
A
F
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
A
B
C
D
E
Efficient
Inefficient
Infeasible
B U R G E R
P
I
Z
Z
A
F
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
A
B
C
D
E
Efficient
Inefficient
Infeasible
Tandaan:
• Lahat ng punto na nasa
loob o kaliwa ng linya –
INEFFICIENT dahil hindi
lubos na napakinabangan
ang resources
• Lahat ng punto na nasa
labas o kanan ng linya –
INFEASIBLE dahil hindi ito
kayang maproduce gamit
ang limitadong resources
• Lahat ng punto na nasa
linya EFFICIENT dahil
lubos na napakinabangan
ang resources
KAKAPUSAN
B U R G E R
P
I
Z
Z
A
F
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001000
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
A
B
C
D
E
Infeasible
May paraan ba para
makamit ang puntong ito?
Paraan upang
Mapamahalaan ang
kakapusan
• Makabagong teknolohiya
• Pagsasanay sa mga
manggagawa
• Pagpapatupad ng programa
• Pagpapatupad ng polisiya
ng pamahalaan
PARAAN UPANG MALABANAN
ANG KAKAPUSAN
TEKNOLOHIYA
PAGSASANAY
PROGRAMA
POLISIYA
Paraan upang Mapamahalaan ang
Kakapusan
TEKNOLOHIYA
Hydrophonics
Paraan upang Mapamahalaan ang
Kakapusan
TRAINING
Paraan upang Mapamahalaan ang
Kakapusan
PROGRAMA

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Grade 9 Araling Panlipunan Ekonomiks - Kakapusan.pptx

  • 2. Kakapusan: Kahulugan Pangulo ka ng isang bansa na may malawak na lupa na mainam para sa pagtatanim. Ano ang ipag-uutos mong itanim? Food Crops tulad ng gulay at prutas? Tabako na isang cash crop at mahal na maibebenta?
  • 3. Food Crops o Tabacco? Food crops revenue $ 206 Billion Worldwide In 2016 Kung Tabacco ang napili mo, ang Opportunity Cost ay ang halaga na maaari mo sanang makuha sa pagtatanim ng food crops: Pero… Katumbas ang: 16 bata/minuto 1000/oras 24000/araw 8million/taon
  • 4. Food crops o Tabacco? Kung food crops ang napili mo, ang Opportunity Cost ay ang halaga na maaari mo sanang makuha sa pagtatanim ng tabako: Katumbas ang: 10 tao/minuto 600/oras 14400/araw 5256000/taon Pero…
  • 5. Food Crops o Tabacco? Kaya’t ang pagtatanim ng Tabako ay isang malaking pagkakamali dahil ito’y pag-aaksaya ng scarce o limited resources! • Hindi ito makakatulong sa problema ng kagutuman sa mundo at, • Higit itong magpapalala sa problema sa kalusugang dulot ng paninigarilyo
  • 6. Food Crops o Tabacco? Ang pagtatanim ng Food Crop ay isang matalinong desisyon dahil ito ang mas kailangan ng mundo. • Makatutulong sa suliranin ng kagutuman sa mundo at, • Makatutulong na mabawasan ang suliraning hatid ng paninigarilyo
  • 7.
  • 8. KAKAPUSAN  Sainyong palagay, bakit napakamahal ng presyo ng bigas sa Pilipinas?  Solusyon ba ang pag-aangkat ng bigas sa ibang bansa upang mapababa ang presyo nito? Pangatwiranan
  • 9. 1. Nabigyang kahulugan ang Production Plan at Production Possibilities Frontier, 2. Nailarawan sa pamamagitan nito ang konsepto ng choices, trade-off, opportunity cost at kakapusan; 3. Nasuri ang efficient o masinop na pamamaraan ng paggamit ng scarce resources sa pamamagitan ng PPF; at 4. Nakabuo ng sariling Production Plan at Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF). KAKAPUSAN
  • 10. KAKAPUSAN Balikan natin… Ekonomiks Scarcity Unlimited wants and needs Limited resources Choices Ano ang gagawin? Paano gagawin? Gaano karami? Para kanino?
  • 11. KAKAPUSAN Unang Tanong: Ano ang gagawin? Sagot: Food Crop Trade off Opportunity Cost Marginal Thinking Incentives Ikalawang Tanong: Paano gagawin? Sagot: Sa pinaka-efficient na pamamaraan • Matipid • Lubos na napakinabangan • Walang naaaksaya
  • 12. KAKAPUSAN Gaano ba ka-efficient o masinop ang mga Pilipino sa pagkonsumo ng bigas?
  • 13. KAKAPUSAN EFFICIENCY SCARCITY Production Plan Production Possibilities Frontier/Curve (PPF) Parehong nagpapakita ng mga ‘choices’ at alternatibo upang mapamahalaan ng maayos ang limitadong resources.
  • 14. OPTION A 900 0 B 750 250 C 550 450 D 350 650 E 150 850 F 0 100 PRODUCTION PLAN Resources: 1 sako ng harina Malinaw na ipinapakita ng Production Plan ang konsepto ng: • Choice • Trade off • Opportunity Cost
  • 15. OPTION A 0 900 B 250 750 C 450 550 D 650 350 E 850 150 F 1000 0 PRODUCTION PLAN Ang bawat desisyon ay may palaging may kaakibat na opportunity cost. Ang harinang ginamit mo sa paggawa ng Pizza ay hindi mo na maaaring magamit sa paggawa ng burger. Kapag dinagdagan mo ang gagawin mong pizza mababawasan ang burger na magagawa mo. Situation 1 Dati 250 na Pizza lamang ang aking ginagawa, pero nagdesisyon akong dagdagan pa ito ng 200. Ano ang opportunity cost ng ginawa kong desisyon? 200 na Burger
  • 16. OPTION A 0 900 B 250 750 C 450 550 D 650 350 E 850 150 F 1000 0 PRODUCTION PLAN Situation 2 Ang restaurant ni Minnie ay kasalukuyang gumagawa ng 450 na Pizza, kung daragdagan ito ng 400, ano ang opportunity cost? 400 na Burger Situation 3 Kung ang tindahan ni Juan ay gumagawa ng 150 na burger, ano ang magiging opportunity cost kung daragdagan ito ng 600? 600 na Pizza
  • 17. OPTION A 0 900 B 250 750 C 450 550 D 650 350 E 850 150 F 1000 0 PRODUCTION PLAN Situation 4 Mula sa dating 150, dinagdagan ni Leah ng 750 ang burger na kanyang ginagawa. Ano ang opportunity cost? 850 na Burger Situation 5 Dati gumagawa lamang si Loise ng 250 na Pizza. Pero isang araw nagdesisyon siyang gamitin ang lahat ng kanyang sangkap sa paggawa ng Pizza. Ano ang opportunity cost 750 na Burger
  • 18. OPTION A 0 900 B 250 750 C 450 550 D 650 350 E 850 150 F 1000 0 PRODUCTION PLAN Situation 6 Dahil matumal ang benta, binawasan ni Luclle ang ginagawa niyang Burger mula 750 sa 350. Ano ang opportunity cost? 400 na Pizza Posible ba na makagawa ng 1000 na Pizza at 600 na Burger? Hindi, dahil lagpas na ito sa hangganan na maaaring magawa ng iyong resource (1 sakong harina)
  • 19. OPTION A 0 900 B 250 750 C 450 550 D 650 350 E 850 150 F 1000 0 PRODUCTION PLAN Posible ba na makagawa ng 400 na Pizza at 200 na burger? Oo Alin sa mga option mula A hanggang F ang pipiliin ko na nagpapakita ng efficient na paggamit ng resource? Lahat. Hindi dahil ito’y inefficient. Masasayang ang aking sangkap at di ko ito lubos na mapapakinabangan Gagawin ko ba ito?
  • 20. OPTION Pizza Burger A 900 0 B 750 250 C 550 450 D 350 650 E 150 850 F 0 1000 B U R G E R P I Z Z A A B C D E F F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 A B C D E Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF)
  • 21. B U R G E R P I Z Z A F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 A B C D E Efficient Inefficient Infeasible
  • 22. B U R G E R P I Z Z A F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 A B C D E Efficient Inefficient Infeasible Tandaan: • Lahat ng punto na nasa loob o kaliwa ng linya – INEFFICIENT dahil hindi lubos na napakinabangan ang resources • Lahat ng punto na nasa labas o kanan ng linya – INFEASIBLE dahil hindi ito kayang maproduce gamit ang limitadong resources • Lahat ng punto na nasa linya EFFICIENT dahil lubos na napakinabangan ang resources
  • 23. KAKAPUSAN B U R G E R P I Z Z A F 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 9001000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 A B C D E Infeasible May paraan ba para makamit ang puntong ito? Paraan upang Mapamahalaan ang kakapusan • Makabagong teknolohiya • Pagsasanay sa mga manggagawa • Pagpapatupad ng programa • Pagpapatupad ng polisiya ng pamahalaan
  • 29.
  • 30. Paraan upang Mapamahalaan ang Kakapusan TEKNOLOHIYA Hydrophonics
  • 31. Paraan upang Mapamahalaan ang Kakapusan TRAINING
  • 32. Paraan upang Mapamahalaan ang Kakapusan PROGRAMA