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Governance & Finances
- Cities and wards in India are governed through a structure established by the constitution and acts like the BPMC Act. Ahmedabad is divided into 6 zones and 64 wards for governance purposes. - Governance involves both an elected wing like the Municipal Council and an administrative wing led by the Municipal Commissioner for implementation. Wards each have 3 councilors and administrative staff. - Planning plays an important role in city governance according to the 74th Constitutional Amendment, but implementation has been inconsistent due to issues of power and control over resources. - Public participation is seen as important for rational and participatory planning, though current power structures are not fully convinced of its benefits. - Projects in wards are financed
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Governance & Finances
- 1. Governance & Finance TahaPadrawala & Ketan Shah
- 2. What we willdiscuss today • What is governance? • How is a city and a ward governed? • Role of planning in city governance • Significance of public participation • How are projects in a ward financed?
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- 4. What is governance? Theword governance is derived from the verb govern Govern : conduct the policy, actions, and affairs of (a state, organization, or people) with authority Source: Oxford Dictionary. http://oxforddictionaries.com
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- 8. How is acity governed?
- 9. Governance Structure inIndia India Through the Constitution Gujarat Through the BPMC Act Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation 6 Zones Central, North, East, South, West, New‐West Ward Ward Ward 64 Wards Ward Ward Ward Ward
- 10. Governance Structure inAMC Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Elected (Legislative) Administrative (Executive)
- 11. Elected wing inAMC Municipal Council (AMC Elected Wing) 3 councillors per ward x 64 wards Total 192 councillors Elected from among the councilors Elected from among the councilors Mayor Deputy Mayor Standing Committee Other committees and task forces
- 12. Administrative wing inAMC Municipal Commissioner Dy. Municipal Commissioner/s Asst. Commissioner City Engineer Head of Dept. / Manager Spl. City Engineer Dy. Manager Addl. City Engineer (zone)
- 13. Elected wing atward level Ward Councilor Ward Councilor Ward Councilor 13
- 14. Administrative wing atward level SSI PHS SI SSI SSI Sanitary Inspector Public Health Officer Public Health Dept. Sup Sup AE ACE Roads and Water Addl. City Engineer AE Sup Sup Asst. City Engineer 14 Drainage and Building ZONE WARD
- 15. Governance Structure inAMC Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Elected (Legislative) Administrative (Executive) Mayor MUNICIPAL COMMISSIONER Deputy Mayor Chairperson of Standing Committee Elected wing is responsible for highlighting the issues of various areas, and approving the budget for the city. Administrative wing is responsible for implementation of budgeted projects and day to day operations.
- 16. Governance Structure inAMC People State Government MUNICIPAL Mayor COMMISSIONER Deputy Mayor Chairperson of Standing Committee
- 17. Cities have verylittle autonomy in planning and managing their jurisdictions.
- 18. Governance Structure inAMC People State / National Government Bharuch Ahmedabad Vadodara
- 19. 74th Constitutional AmendmentAct (1992) promises an improvement to this situation.
- 20. 74th Constitutional AmendmentAct • Key Features: – Allows for cities to be responsible for their jurisdiction. Identifies key responsibilities in the 12th Schedule. – Planning is one of the responsibilities mentioned in the 12th Schedule. – A structure of Metropolitan Council, City council and Ward committees to be set up for devolution of centralized power.
- 21. However, implementation ofthe 74th amendment has been piecemeal and inconsistent. Why do you think this is so?
- 22. Ultimately, it isa question of power, authority and control of resources. Currently the state controls the resources (tax income of government) and they would like to continue to have that control.
- 23. Role of Planningin City Governance
- 25. Parallel structures forplanning Bombay Provincial Municipal Corporation Act • Defines the Municipal Corporation • Originally placed the responsibility of planning with the MC Gujarat Town Planning and Urban Development Act • Defines the Urban Development Authority (UDA) • Places responsibility of Planning on the UDA • Thus, planning becomes a decreasingly important part of the municipal corporation
- 26. In cities acrossthe world, it is the planner who has to ensure the coordination and smooth communication. This is a role that is over and above the role of preparing the plans.
- 27. Future of Planningin City Governance People Corporators / Councilors Urban Planners Infrastructure (Engineers) Planning Urban Planners Governance (Administrators) Public Health
- 28. Future of Planningat Ward Level Ward Committee Councilors / Elected Members Ward Engineers + Planners Ward Residents & Stake holders Ward Planners
- 29. Significance of publicparticipation
- 30. Why is publicparticipation important?
- 31. Rational Planning vs.Participatory Planning
- 32. Ladder of CitizenParticipation Source: http://lithgow‐schmidt.dk/sherry‐arnstein/ladder‐of‐citizen‐participation.html
- 33. Public Participation • Planningact does mention that consultation should be held at different stages of planning. • Provides for several instances of seeking public opinion. • It does not stop one from having more / better public participation. • Currently, the people with power are not convinced about the positive impacts of public participation. • Over time this needs to change in order to have positive impact for all.
- 34. How are projectsfinanced?
- 35. Avenues of financing 1.Municipal Budget 2. Budget with elected representatives 3. Private financing / PPP
- 36. Municipal Budget Capital Income •Taxes • Grants and Loans Capital Expense • By various heads / schemes • Eg. Water and Sewerage, Health, Urban Poor etc. Revenue Income • Taxes • Grants and Loans Revenue Expense • By various heads / schemes • Eg. Water and Sewerage, Health, Urban Poor etc.
- 37. Municipal Budget All figuresin Rupees Thousands Budget Head 2008‐09 2009‐10 2010‐11 2011‐12 FINAL FINAL REVISED APPROVED BY AMC Total Capital Income 8,762,959 10,365,515 17,762,152 28,607,000 Total Capital Expenditure 10,311,889 12,950,453 17,762,152 28,607,000 Total Revenue Income 15,541,668.00 16,169,373.00 22,353,514.00 31,975,350 Total Revenue Expenditure 9,104,426.00 11,559,960.00 13,494,597 17,903,008 Total INCOME(CAPITAL+REVENUE) 24,304,627 26,534,888 40,115,666 60,582,350 Total EXPENDITURE(CAPITAL+REVENU 19,416,315 24,510,413 31,256,749 46,510,008
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- 39. Elected representatives • • Eachcouncilor in AMC has authority to spend a sum of Rs. 17 Lakhs* towards development of their ward. • This is from the overall city budget but the approval is by the councilor Similarly, other elected representatives such as MP, MLA, Mayor, Dy. Mayor, Chairperson of Standing Committee, have different authorities to improve conditions within their constituency. *Source: Sunil Shah, Councilor Ambavadi Ward.
- 40. Privately supported projects CG Road redevelopment project was privately financed in return for 5 yr advertising rights. Image Courtesy: HCP Design Planning and Management Pvt. Ltd.
- 41. Privately supported projects Gardensdeveloped and maintained by Amul.
- 42. Task for theweek 1. Find out names and responsibilities of everyone on the administrative wing of the ward. 2. Meet with all councilors in your ward, present them 1 set of maps prepared by you and find out their main concerns / positive points about the ward plan 3. Find out the budget/funding by councilors’ or other elected representatives’ in your ward. These may be proposed / ongoing projects or projects that are just completed. 4. Find out any city level project that are proposed or currently underway within your ward.
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