Understanding Urban Governance in India.

1. URBAN GOVERNANCE

2. URBAN GOVERNANCE
The Structure

3. THIS IS THE
MOST IMPORTANT
TOPIC
IN
INDIAN POLITICS

4. THIS IS ALSO
THE MOST
MISUNDERSTOOD TOPIC
IN
INDIAN POLITICS

5. BUT WHY?

6. MMR
REGION
GDP
$209 to $310
Billion US

7. MAHARASHTR
A
GDP $240 - $360
Billion US

8. 80%
Income
20%
Income

9. 20%
Votes
80%
Votes

10. 50% GDP
COMES FROM
TOP TEN
CITIES
Indian CityGDP (PPP)
Mumbai$310 billion
Delhi$293.6 billion
Kolkata $150.1 billion
Bengaluru $110 billion
Chennai $78.6 billion
Hyedrabad $75.2 billion
Pune$69 billion
Ahemadabad$68 billion
Surat$59.8 billion
Vishakhapatnam $43.5 billion

11. WHAT IS URBAN?
All places with a population of at least 5,000, a
dentisty of 400 persons per sq.km and with at
least 75 percent of the male workforce engaged
min non-agricultural pursuits are considered
URBAN.

12. WHAT IS URBAN?
31% of the Indian population lived in urban
areas in 2011.
But the share of urban population which lives in
towns and cities, actually classified as urban,
and governed by urban local bodies is even
lower at 26%

13. WHAT IS URBAN?
68 cities by 2030 with a population of over 1
million, 13 cities with more than 4 million people,
and
6 megacities with populations of 10 million or
more.

14. WHAT IS URBAN?
• Urban India will generate 70 per cent of new
jobs.
• More than 70 per cent of India's GDP,
• 85 per cent of the tax revenue that will finance
development

15. WHAT IS RURAL?
Any place that is not urban is RURAL

16. WHAT IS RURAL?
70% of India lives here

17. URBANISING TRENDS

18. URBAN PLANNING
Early Years

19. Early Years
• Bombay
Improvement trust
(BIT) was formed
after bubonic plague
hit in 1896

20. Early Years
• Urban Planning in Independent India started
after WHO in 1960 certified Calcutta as the
centre for endemic cholera in South Asia

21. Early Years
• Delhi Improvement Trust (DIT) was setup in
1936 under the leadership of Industrialist G
D Birla
• Because of partition Delhi’s population
doubled, concept of National capital Region
was implemented.

22. The ford foundation is the number one reason why we
have any Urban planning

23. The ford foundation was invited to India in 1952 by PM
Nehru for Rural development,

24. The ford foundation realised the need for Urban planning,
specially in the North India because of massive influx of refugees
because of partition.

25. The ford foundation was instrumental in developing the
very first Delhi Master Plan.

26. Some of the best planners and designers of the world were
brought in by them, including Charles Abrams, Abel Wolman, Colin
Buchanan and Buckminister Fuller.
The ford foundation has trained most of our early town planners.

27. We owe them a lot of gratitude for their early help in
early Urban planning.

28. STRUCTURE OF
GOVERNMENT

29. NATIONAL CAPITAL
REGION
NCR is one of the most unique
Urban areas.
It not only has multiple local
bodies but also manages
interstate planning too.

30. All cities have Metropolitan planning agencies

31. GOVERNANCE
STRUCTUREA City Development Plan (CDP) is both a perspective and a vision
for the future development of a city. It presents the current stage of
the city’s development – where are we now? It sets out the
directions of change – where do we want to go? It identifies the
thrust areas — what do we need to address on a priority basis? It
also suggests alternative routes, strategies, and interventions for
bringing about the change – what interventions do we make in
order to attain the vision? It provides a framework and vision within
which projects need to be identified and implemented. It
establishes a logical and consistent framework for evaluation of
investment decisions.
Source: JNNURM

34. –Maharashtra government to Mayor of Bombay
On formation of BMRDA
“It is enviable that the functions of any
metropolitan organisation of the kind
contemplated should impinge on the domain of
the various authorities and would result in
diminution however slight of their powers. The
state government itself will relinquish some of its
authority to the metropolitan organisation and so
will the local bodies.”

35. URBAN GOVERNANCE
Metropolitan authorities
were suppose to plan for
long term development,
however they stated
focusing on self financing
by taking on for profit
projects.
Like Bandra Kurla project
by MMRDA in Bombay

36. 74TH AMENDMENT
• 74th amendment was designed to facilitate
decentralisation of power from the state to local
self-government.
• It gave legal status to metropolitan areas
• Divided Municipalities to wards
• And provided for powers and functions for
Municipalities.

37. 74TH AMENDMENT• A Finance Commission to review the finances of the to recommend
principles for-
• Determining the taxes which may be assigned to the Municipalities;
• Sharing of taxes between the State and Municipalities;
• Grants-in-aid to the Municipalities from the Consolidated Fund of the
State;
• Audit of accounts of the Municipal Corporations by the Comptroller and
Auditor- General of India and laying of reports before the Legislature of
the State and the Municipal Corporation concerned;
• Making of law by a State Legislature with respect to elections to the
Municipalities to be conducted under the superintendence, direction and
control of the chief electoral officer of the State;

38. • Most of the State Governments did not incorporate the
provisions in the Town and Country Planning Acts as
suggested by UDPFI Guidelines,1996 or the provesion of
the 74th amendment.
• Hence An attempt was made under the JNNURM wherein
one of the reform was to comply with 74th amendment .
• States have constituted Municipal corporations and
District planning commissions but without strong
professional backup for preparing both metropolitan and
district plans.

39. STATE - CENTRE -CITY

49. HOW CAN ANY CITY
FUNCTION WITH THIS
ADMINISTRATIVE SETUP.

50. URBAN GOVERNANCE
Discussion

51. BKC LAND

52. MUMBAI METRO
BRIDGE

53. ARMY TO BUILD
BRIDGE

54. CHINESE GHOST
CITIES

55. RED SHIRT REVOLT

56. BRAZIL TRANSPORT
RIOTS

57. “Miles to go before we sleep….”

58. India's commercial capital is not only the city with the highest GDP in India, it also ranks among the
world's top ten trade centres. The city contributes 25 per cent of industrial output and 70 per cent of
capital transactions to India's economy.
The city accounts for about 1 per cent of the total population in India but has a per capita income which is
almost three times that of India. Mumbai accounts for 14 per cent of India's income tax collections and 37
per cent of the corporate tax collections in the country.
The city is the berth of significant financial institutions like the Reserve Bank of India, Bombay Stock
Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India.
Numerous corporates and multinational companies have their headquarters in the city that attracts
migrants from all over India. The city offers countless employment opportunities and is known for its
interesting and high standard of living.
The city, with a population of 19 million, is also known as the Indian seat of entertainment as it is the
home to the Hindi film industry, the largest in the world.
Most of the city's inhabitants rely on public transport to commute. Transport systems in Mumbai include

59. What was knows as the Pensioners' Paradise 10 years back, has grown 10-fold today and a
study reveals that the rupee millionaire club in Karnataka's capital is the most crowded in
India. Bangalore also boasts of having the largest number of households with an annual
income of Rs 10 lakh (Rs 1 million) or more.
With an estimated population of 6.5 million, Bangalore is one of India's most populous cities.
Bangalore's main business activity is information technology and information technology-
enabled services. Being the leading contributor to India's IT industry, the city is often
referred to as the Silicon Valley of India. Software majors Infosys and Wipro being
headquartered in the city.
Businesses involving large corporates that are either multinational companies or Indian
firms dealing with or catering to MNCs employ a very large workforce in Bangalore.
And although the city's infrastructure has been unable to keep pace with the rapid growth of
the city, Bangalore still remains one of India's boom towns.