The document discusses las jarchas, which are short poems written in Mozarabic that were discovered in the Ben Ezra Synagogue in Cairo. Las jarchas relate to medieval Spanish civilization as they were written by Jews living in Spain before their expulsion in 1492 following the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella which consolidated Christian rule and led to the conquest of Granada. The expulsion resulted in Spain losing many of its talented doctors, lawyers, artists and financiers, and the las jarchas were also lost for over 450 years until being rediscovered.

1. How lasjarchasrelate to medieval Spanish civilization by Jacqueline Gottstein Christian and Muslim playing ouds from Las Cantigas de Santa María, by King Alfonso X, the Wise.

2. The Ben Ezra Synagogue where lasjarchas were discovered

3. Inside of the Ben Ezra Synagogue

4. Taifa kingdoms in Spain (in light and dark green)

5. Los reyescatólicos, Fernando e Isabel (The Catholic Monarchs) The marriage of Fernando II of Aragón and Isabel I of Castilla in 1469 consolidated Christian power and enabled them to re-conquer southern Spain from the Muslims in 1492.

6. Rendición de Granada(Surrender of Granada) by Francisco Pradilla y Ortiz

7. Sephardi Jews In the strictest definition, a sephardic Jew is one who is descended from Iberian Jews before their expulsion in 1492. Nowadays the term can refer to the style of the Jewish liturgy, along with any Jewish traditions one practices. Hank Azaria, whose voice is heard through the numerous characters he plays on The Simpsons, is from a Greek family that adheres to Sephardi customs. (His mother is fluent in Spanish.)

8. Expulsion of the Jews from Europe With the expulsion of the Jews, Spain lost some of its wisest doctors, lawyers, artists, and financiers. Las jarchaswere also lost…for 456 years.

9. Unajarcha de la página 4-5 de tulibro de texto Mozárabe(Hispano-romance):El españolmodernizado: Gar, ¿quéfareyu? Dime, ¿quéharé? ¿cómovivrayu? ¿cómoviviré? Est’ al-habíbespero, A esteamadoespero, Porélmurrayu. Porélmoriré.

10. Hope you’ve enjoyed our first presentation and I look forward to your responses.

11. Works Cited Goody, Jack. Islam in Europe. (cover page) Original: Cantigas de Santa Maria, by Alfonso X, "The Wise“ King Alfonso X, The Wise. “Christian and Muslim playing ouds”. Cantigas de Santa Maria. Thirteenth century. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 March 2011. (From Creative Commons: This is a faithful photographic reproduction of an original two-dimensional work of art. The work of art itself is in the public domain for the following reason: The image (or other media file) is in the public domain because its copyright has expired.) Mayer, Daniel. Ben Ezra Synagogue, Cairo Egypt. July, 2008. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 March 2011. Rose, Christopher. Interior, Ben Ezra Synagogue, Cairo Egypt. June 19, 2005. Flickr. Web. 14 March 2011. Té y kriptonita.Taifa Kingdoms circa 1080 . Date not available. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 March 2011. http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Reinos_de_Taifas_en_1080.svg Author unknown. Isabela of Castile. Recreation July, 2005. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 March 2011. Pradilla y Ortíz, Francisco. Rendición de Granada. 1882. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 March 2011. Ecelan. Expulsión de los judios. Retouched work September 7, 2010. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 March 2011. Aleck, Nick. American Actor Hank Azaria. November 19, 2005. Wikimedia Commons. Web. 14 March 2011. Mujica, Bárbara. Milenio. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2002. Textbook.