Google conducted a study of viewability rates on its advertising platforms to analyze trends in digital advertising. They found that 56.1% of impressions were not viewable, but the average publisher viewability rate was 50.2%. Certain publishers accounted for most non-viewable impressions. Page position and ad size also impacted viewability, with positions above the page fold and vertical ad units having higher rates. Viewability varied across content categories, with more engaging sites seeing higher rates. The findings provide guidance to advertisers on inventory and targeting strategies and to publishers on optimizing sites and monetizing inventory.

1. November 2014
The Importance
of Being Seen
Viewability Insights for Digital
Marketers and Publishers

2. thinkwithgoogle.com
WHAT WE WANTED TO KNOW
We conducted research using our Active View technology to
learn about the current state of viewable impressions on the web.
There is increased interest in viewability among brand
advertisers and publishers now that the Media Rating Council
has lifted the viewable transaction advisory. Brand advertisers
want to ensure that their ads can be seen and are seeking
enhanced ROI. Publishers want to enhance site viewability
and to use viewable impressions as a currency to do so.
Here we highlight the trends we discovered in analyzing the
research data to help advertisers and publishers formulate
their viewability strategy.
2

3. thinkwithgoogle.com
WHAT WE DID
3
Google conducted a study of our display advertising platforms,
including Google and DoubleClick, to better understand ad
viewability. According to the Media Rating Council and IAB
standards, a viewable impression occurs when 50% of an ad’s
pixels are on screen for one second. The data used in this study
are based on display ads in browsers (desktop and mobile) and
does not include mobile in-app or video ads.

4. thinkwithgoogle.com
WWHHAATT WWEE FFOOUUNNDD
State of publisher viewability
A small number of publishers are serving most of the non-viewable impressions.
56.1% of all impressions we measured are not seen, but the average publisher viewability is 50.2%.
Page position matters...
The most viewable position is right above the fold, not at the top of the page.
...So does ad size
The most viewable ad sizes are vertical units.
Above the fold ≠ always viewable
Page position isn’t always the best indicator of viewability. Not all above-the-fold impressions
are viewable, while many below-the-fold impressions are.
Viewability varies acrossindustries
While it ranges across content verticals, and industries, content that holds a user’s attention
has the highest viewability.
4

5. State of Publisher Viewability

6. A small number of publishers are serving most of the
non-viewable impressions.
thinkwithgoogle.com 6
VIEWABILITY DISTRIBUTION ACROSS DOMAINS
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, October 2014.
% VIEWABLE
% OF PUBLISHER DOMAINS

7. thinkwithgoogle.com 7
56.1%
of impressions are
not seen, but the
average publisher
viewability is 50.2%.

8. Page Position Matters…

9. Average viewability by vertical position (728 x 90)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Highest viewability at page fold
Steep viewability
drop-off after
page fold
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
VIEWABILITY
RELATIVE BROWSER PAGE POSITION
Note: Horizontal axis denotes position of top edge of ad impression.
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014. thinkwithgoogle.com 9

10. Average viewability by vertical position (300 x 250)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Viewability high
throughout top fold
Viewability drop-off
is seen at page fold
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
VIEWABILITY
RELATIVE BROWSER PAGE POSITION
Note: Horizontal axis denotes position of top edge of ad impression.
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014. thinkwithgoogle.com 10

11. Average viewability by vertical position (160 x 600)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Viewability high
throughout top fold
Viewability drop-off *least*
steep compared to other ad sizes
Viewability remains > 40%
for longest page length
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
VIEWABILITY
RELATIVE BROWSER PAGE POSITION
Note: Horizontal axis denotes position of top edge of ad impression.
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014. thinkwithgoogle.com 11

12. Average viewability by vertical position (468 x 60)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Highest viewability at page fold
Steep viewability
drop-off after
page fold
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
VIEWABILITY
RELATIVE BROWSER PAGE POSITION
Note: Horizontal axis denotes position of top edge of ad impression.
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014. thinkwithgoogle.com 12

13. Average viewability by vertical position (320 x 50)
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
The highest viewability point
right before the page fold
The drop-off in viewability
right after page fold
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
VIEWABILITY
RELATIVE BROWSER PAGE POSITION
Note: Horizontal axis denotes position of top edge of ad impression.
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014. thinkwithgoogle.com 13

14. … So Does Ad Size

15. thinkwithgoogle.com 15
The most viewable ad sizes are vertical units.
VIEWABILITY RATES BY AD SIZE
55.6% 54.9% 53.7% 52.5% 51.4%
48.8% 48.2% 48.0% 47.2% 46.3% 46.2% 45.2% 45.0% 44.0%
41.0%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
45%
40%
35%
30%
% VIEWABLE
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014.
AD UNIT SIZE

16. Above the Fold ≠
Always Viewable

17. Above the fold is not always viewable while below
the fold often is.
thinkwithgoogle.com 17
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
% OF PUBLISHER DOMAINS
% VIEWABLE
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
% OF PUBLISHER DOMAINS
Median viewability for
above-the-fold ad units
68%
ATF VIEWABILITY DISTRIBUTION
% VIEWABLE
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014.
Median viewability for
below-the-fold ad units
40%
BTF VIEWABILITY DISTRIBUTION

18. Viewability Varies
Across Industries

19. Viewability varies significantly across content verticals,
with the highest viewability belonging to sites
associated with more captive engagement.
43.6%
42.6%
42.5%
42.3%
42.2%
42.0%
41.9%
41.5%
40.8%
40.2%
39.6%
38.8%
thinkwithgoogle.com 19
48.9%
48.4%
48.0%
47.8%
47.2%
47.1%
46.6%
46.4%
44.8%
44.6%
44.0%
43.6%
Reference
Online Communities
Games
Arts & Entertainment
Jobs & Education
Business & Industrial
Computers & Electronics
Science
Internet & Telecom
Hobbies & Leisure
Pets & Animals
Health
Source: Google and DoubleClick display advertising platforms data, July 2014.
51.9%
People & Society
38.7%
Finance
Travel
Home & Garden
Beauty & Fitness
Law & Government
World Localities
Autos & Vehicles
Books & Literature
Shopping
Sports
Food & Drink
News
Real Estate

20. WHAT THIS MEANS FOR ADVERTISERS
Viewability data enables advertisers to identify both high- and low-value
inventory and then shift budgets and targets accordingly to
maximize reach and ROI.
By understanding trends about what inventory has the highest
viewability, advertisers can better formulate their media strategies.
thinkwithgoogle.com 20

21. WHAT THIS MEANS FOR ADVERTISERS
Viewability varies significantly by page position and ad size.
In general, advertisers should consider the relationship between page position and ad size while
planning creative and targeting.
Page position doesn’t tell the whole story.
Ultimately, advertisers should target based on viewability measurements to achieve the best results.
On average, publishers have 50% viewability rates, but some publishers
have much lower viewability.
Advertisers seeking viewable impressions should steer towards high viewability sites.
Consider targeting sites with more engaging content to achieve
higher viewability rates.
thinkwithgoogle.com 21
Vertical ad units are the most likely to be seen by users.

22. WHAT THIS MEANS FOR PUBLISHERS
Viewability data can help publishers increase the long-term value of
their display inventory.
By understanding the factors that affect viewability, publishers can
enhance their sites to maximize viewable impressions.
thinkwithgoogle.com 22

23. WHAT THIS MEANS FOR PUBLISHERS
To achieve average viewability, publishers should aim for above
50% viewability.
Publishers should consider which ad sizes are most effective at
different page positions when making ad placement/layout decisions.
Viewability can enable publishers to better identify and monetize
valuable below-the-fold inventory.
thinkwithgoogle.com 23

24. thinkwithgoogle.com
WHAT WE DID
24
Google conducted a study of our display advertising platforms,
including Google and DoubleClick, to better understand ad
viewability. According to the Media Rating Council and IAB
standard, a viewable impression occurs when 50% of an ad’s
pixels are on screen for one second. The data used in this
study is based on display ads in browsers (desktop and mobile)
and does not include mobile in-app and video ads. The data
was collected in two months: October 2014 for the average
viewability of impressions and domains, and July 2014 for
the rest of our findings.

25. thinkwithgoogle.com
WHAT WE DID
25
Minimum measurable counts:
Domains with less than 1,000 measurable
ads over the period of a week were
removed. This filtering ensures sufficient
data points for each domain to be
confident in the statistics and removes
unmeasurable domains. Unmeasurable
domains were removed to better represent
true viewability numbers instead of
presenting numbers artificially lowered by
non-measurable sites.
Minimum measurable counts
(vertical position graphs):
The vertical position graphs use a
minimum measurable count of
ten ads over one day due to the
data sets’ small granularity.

26. thinkwithgoogle.com
WHAT WE DID
26
Minimum received rate:
Active View ads send data pings
regardless of whether they are viewed.
Domains where we received pings from
fewer than 50% of enabled ads are
removed. Again, this is done to eliminate
issues caused by non-measurable sites.
With this filtering in place, we created
a data set with over one week of data
from impressions on DoubleClick for
Publishers, DoubleClick Ad Exchange
and the Google Display Network.