In This Paper, We Examine the push Messaging Service Google Cloud Messaging (Gcm) for Android Platform. Android Platform Traditionally Keep Data Synchronization Between Android Device And Server-Side Using Method of Pulling. Each Android Device has to Poll Server for Updated Data, Which Leads to Unnecessary Network Traffic and Wastage of Mobile Phone Battery. In Order to Overcome This Weakness, Data Pushing Service, Gcm Was Introduced. Push, Describes a Style of Internet-Based Communication Where the Request for a Given Transaction Is Initiated By The Publisher or Central Server. Push Messaging is a Multi-Channel Mobile Cloud Communications Platform that Unifies Push Notifications, Sms and Instant Messaging. Gcm Service Allows Sending Data From The App Engine or Other Backhands to Android Powered Device. GCM is Lightweight Push Notification Based Service Notifying Android Application About New Data to be Fetched from the Server or Messaging Containing 4kb of Payload Data. Gcm Manages All Aspects Messages Queuing and Delivery of Message to Target Android Application Running on Target Device.
ABSTRACT:-
Today Android is widely used operating system for smart phones, it is used as personal computer also. It contains a touch screen user interface, camera and network monitoring. The main purpose of this paper is to proposed a methodology to provide instant messaging over Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) and also we presents a survey on timing performance of GCM, our findings that the message delivery is uncertain , it does not guarantee to timely message arrival. Therefore is not applicable for time sensitive, but it may be good for application scenarios where random multicasting is sufficient.
This paper will help to learn Android device to device messaging (Instant Messaging) using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM). Communication flow arises from an Android device and the message to be communicated will be sent to GCM application server. From that server the message will be transfer to the Google Cloud Messaging server with the Reg Id of the device to send the notification. Then this message will be sent to another Android device by the Google Cloud Messaging server as a notification. It allows developers to send push messages to android device from the server. Google Cloud Messaging is a popular service as a client/server communication solution for android platform .
Keywords : Instant messaging, GCM, Timing performance of GCM.
GCM stands for Google Cloud Messaging .
It is a free service that allows developers to send data from third party servers to their applications running on android devices.
Introduction to google cloud messaging in androidRIA RUI Society
Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) allows developers to send data from servers to Android apps without needing the app to be running. It handles queuing messages and delivery to devices. The key benefits are ease of use, no sign-up forms, battery efficiency, and rich APIs. Implementing GCM involves adding required libraries, modifying the app manifest, writing an IntentService to handle messages, adding a broadcast receiver, and registering from the main activity. The server sends messages to GCM servers which queue and store messages, then delivering them to devices when online.
This document provides an overview of push notification technologies poll and push, C2DM, and GCM. It discusses how poll notifications require devices to periodically check for new data, increasing network usage and reducing battery life, while push notifications allow servers to push new messages to devices. C2DM was retired and replaced by GCM, which allows application servers to send push messages to Android apps through Google servers. The document also outlines the basic components and process of how GCM works to deliver push notifications from servers to Android applications and devices.
A Survey on Mobile Cloud Computing Concept, Applications and Challenges..pdfKarla Long
This document discusses mobile cloud computing (MCC), including its concept, applications, and challenges. MCC integrates cloud computing into mobile environments to overcome obstacles related to performance, environment, and security in mobile computing. It allows resources to be virtualized and assigned across distributed computers rather than local devices. Popular MCC applications include Gmail, Google Maps, and apps on Android platforms. While MCC provides benefits like reducing mobile device costs, challenges remain regarding performance, security, control, bandwidth costs, and reliability when data and computing occur externally in the cloud.
A prototype framework_for_high_performance_push_noDavidNereekshan
This document describes a prototype framework for sending high volumes of push notifications. It discusses the architectural design of the framework, which includes 6 main modules: a REST interface, service layer, database, message producers, message consumers, and queue manager. The document then outlines 13 performance test scenarios run on the framework and discusses the results and conclusions.
This document provides an overview of Google Cloud Messaging (GCM), a service that allows servers to send messages to Android applications. It discusses how GCM works and its advantages over previous notification methods like C2DM and polling. GCM uses an existing connection to Google services to deliver lightweight messages from application servers to Android devices even if the application is not active. This reduces network usage and improves battery life compared to periodic polling. The document outlines the three components of GCM - the mobile device, application server, and GCM servers - and how a message is sent from the server and delivered by GCM to the target application.
ABSTRACT:-
Today Android is widely used operating system for smart phones, it is used as personal computer also. It contains a touch screen user interface, camera and network monitoring. The main purpose of this paper is to proposed a methodology to provide instant messaging over Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) and also we presents a survey on timing performance of GCM, our findings that the message delivery is uncertain , it does not guarantee to timely message arrival. Therefore is not applicable for time sensitive, but it may be good for application scenarios where random multicasting is sufficient.
This paper will help to learn Android device to device messaging (Instant Messaging) using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM). Communication flow arises from an Android device and the message to be communicated will be sent to GCM application server. From that server the message will be transfer to the Google Cloud Messaging server with the Reg Id of the device to send the notification. Then this message will be sent to another Android device by the Google Cloud Messaging server as a notification. It allows developers to send push messages to android device from the server. Google Cloud Messaging is a popular service as a client/server communication solution for android platform .
Keywords : Instant messaging, GCM, Timing performance of GCM.
GCM stands for Google Cloud Messaging .
It is a free service that allows developers to send data from third party servers to their applications running on android devices.
Introduction to google cloud messaging in androidRIA RUI Society
Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) allows developers to send data from servers to Android apps without needing the app to be running. It handles queuing messages and delivery to devices. The key benefits are ease of use, no sign-up forms, battery efficiency, and rich APIs. Implementing GCM involves adding required libraries, modifying the app manifest, writing an IntentService to handle messages, adding a broadcast receiver, and registering from the main activity. The server sends messages to GCM servers which queue and store messages, then delivering them to devices when online.
This document provides an overview of push notification technologies poll and push, C2DM, and GCM. It discusses how poll notifications require devices to periodically check for new data, increasing network usage and reducing battery life, while push notifications allow servers to push new messages to devices. C2DM was retired and replaced by GCM, which allows application servers to send push messages to Android apps through Google servers. The document also outlines the basic components and process of how GCM works to deliver push notifications from servers to Android applications and devices.
A Survey on Mobile Cloud Computing Concept, Applications and Challenges..pdfKarla Long
This document discusses mobile cloud computing (MCC), including its concept, applications, and challenges. MCC integrates cloud computing into mobile environments to overcome obstacles related to performance, environment, and security in mobile computing. It allows resources to be virtualized and assigned across distributed computers rather than local devices. Popular MCC applications include Gmail, Google Maps, and apps on Android platforms. While MCC provides benefits like reducing mobile device costs, challenges remain regarding performance, security, control, bandwidth costs, and reliability when data and computing occur externally in the cloud.
A prototype framework_for_high_performance_push_noDavidNereekshan
This document describes a prototype framework for sending high volumes of push notifications. It discusses the architectural design of the framework, which includes 6 main modules: a REST interface, service layer, database, message producers, message consumers, and queue manager. The document then outlines 13 performance test scenarios run on the framework and discusses the results and conclusions.
This document provides an overview of Google Cloud Messaging (GCM), a service that allows servers to send messages to Android applications. It discusses how GCM works and its advantages over previous notification methods like C2DM and polling. GCM uses an existing connection to Google services to deliver lightweight messages from application servers to Android devices even if the application is not active. This reduces network usage and improves battery life compared to periodic polling. The document outlines the three components of GCM - the mobile device, application server, and GCM servers - and how a message is sent from the server and delivered by GCM to the target application.
GCM (Google Cloud Messaging) is a free service that allows application servers to send lightweight messages to Android applications. It eliminates the need for continuous polling of a server for updates by allowing messages to be pushed to devices even when apps are not running. Developers must integrate the GCM client library into their Android apps, register their apps with the Google API console to obtain an API key, and handle incoming messages with a GCMIntentService. The GCM service replaces the deprecated C2DM service with easier setup and no quotas on messages.
Abstract: Cloud computing is a latest trend and a hot topic in today global world. In which sources are provided to concern as local user on an on demand basically as usual it provides the path or means of internet. Mobile cloud computing is simply cloud computing throughout that at all smallest variety of devices could be involved as wireless equipment this paper concern multiple procedure and procedure for the mobile cloud computing . It developed every General mobile cloud computing solution and application specific solution. It also concern about the cloud computing in which mobile phones are used to browse the web, write e-mails, videos etc. Mobile phones are become the universal interface online services and cloud computing application general run local on mobile phones.
Secured Communication Model for Mobile Cloud Computingijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This document discusses push notifications from an application server to mobile devices using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM). It begins by explaining the drawbacks of traditional pull technology for mobile apps and how push notifications can address these issues. Next, it describes the system architecture involving an application server, GCM server, and Android app. The application server sends push messages to GCM which are then delivered to subscribed devices even if the app is not actively running. The Android app receives push messages from GCM and can create calendar events with configurable notifications. This system allows third parties to efficiently send notifications to registered customers on their mobile devices.
1) The document proposes a portable smart data server for small businesses that eliminates the need for internet infrastructure, hosting, website maintenance, and costly hardware. It uses an Android smartphone to function as the data server.
2) The system design involves using a smartphone's SQLite database to store data and a broadcast receiver to detect incoming requests via SMS. The business logic is invoked to process requests and send replies.
3) An implementation was created on an Android phone to demonstrate serving over 1000 requests with no errors and caching frequent queries. Comparisons show it requires low cost, space and power compared to traditional data servers.
This document provides a review of cloud-based intrusion detection systems for Android smartphones. It discusses how cloud computing can be used to provide security services that are difficult for smartphones to implement locally due to limitations in storage, processing power, and battery life. The document proposes a high-level system architecture that performs intrusion detection on a virtualized replica of a smartphone in the cloud. This allows running multiple detection engines in parallel to identify attacks. If an attack is detected, the cloud sends a response to a mobile agent on the smartphone to trigger recovery actions.
The document proposes a system to enable internet access through SMS in remote areas without internet connectivity. It involves using a USB modem as an SMS server, connecting it to a PC serving as a web server. Python software interfaces with the SMS server and web server to parse HTML responses. An Android application on a mobile handset acts as a client, allowing users to make internet queries by sending SMS texts to the server. The server uses Python to retrieve information from the web server, parse the HTML, and send response SMS texts back to the mobile client. This allows basic internet functionality like web searches through SMS in areas without an internet signal.
Secure hash based distributed framework for utpc based cloud authorizationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a secure distributed framework for cloud authorization using unit transaction permission coins (UTPCs). The framework uses hash functions like SHA and MD5 to generate unique UTPCs on Android smartphones based on device identifiers. These UTPCs are used for user authentication to access cloud services. The framework aims to provide lightweight and compatible security for real-time cloud applications. It discusses security challenges with cloud computing and sensor networks, and proposes generating UTPCs through a nested hashing process as a security token for cloud user authorization.
Secure hash based distributed framework for utpc based cloud authorizationIAEME Publication
This document discusses secure authorization for cloud computing using smartphones. It proposes a distributed framework that uses a Unit Transaction Permission Coin (UTPC) as a security token for cloud user authorization. The UTPC is generated using a hash function like SHA or MD5, making it difficult for intruders to break. The framework registers and authenticates trusted smartphone devices using their IMEI and IMSI identifiers in an untrusted computing environment. The resulting UTPC-based authorization method is lightweight and compatible with real-time cloud applications.
A Review And Research Towards Mobile Cloud ComputingSuzanne Simmons
This document provides an overview of mobile cloud computing (MCC), including its advantages and challenges. MCC integrates cloud computing with mobile environments to provide mobile users access to rich computing resources and applications. Key advantages include extending battery life by offloading processing to cloud servers, improving data storage capacity and processing power by storing data in the cloud, and improving reliability through data backup in the cloud. However, challenges exist due to limitations of mobile devices like processing power, storage and battery life. Additionally, the quality of wireless communication introduces issues like variable bandwidth and delays. Dividing applications between mobile devices and cloud servers also requires optimization techniques to determine the most efficient distribution of processing tasks.
Techniques to Minimize State Transfer Cost for Dynamic Execution Offloading I...IJERA Editor
The recent advancement in cloud computing in cloud computing is leading to and excessive growth of the mobile devices that can become powerful means for the information access and mobile applications. This introducing a latent technology called Mobile cloud computing. Smart phone device supports wide range of mobile applications which require high computational power, memory, storage and energy but these resources are limited in number so act as constraints in smart phone devices. With the integration of cloud computing and mobile applications it is possible to overcome these constraints by offloading the complex modules on cloud. These restrictions may be alleviated by computation offloading: sending heavy computations to resourceful servers and receiving the results from these servers. Many issues related to offloading have been investigated in the past decade.
Implementing SAAS: Cloud Computing and Android Based Application Framework fo...IOSR Journals
This document discusses the development of a cloud-based application framework for C programming on Android devices. It begins with background on cloud computing and the SAAS (Software as a Service) model. It then discusses the Android operating system and outlines the development of a "Cloud C Compiler" that allows users to create, compile and execute C programs on the cloud using mobile devices. The application was created using Java servlets and Android SDK. It allows C code to be compiled and run on remote server infrastructure. Testing showed the application could successfully compile and run C programs on an Android emulator and local host server. The framework aims to provide mobile access to computational resources and applications for students.
Securing mobile cloud using finger print authenticationIJNSA Journal
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes using fingerprint recognition for user authentication in mobile cloud computing. It introduces mobile cloud computing and the need to improve security by strengthening authentication methods. The proposed approach uses a mobile phone's camera to capture fingerprint images for authentication instead of additional hardware. The algorithm extracts features from captured images and matches them to stored templates. Experimental results on different mobile devices found processing times below standards. The solution was concluded to enhance mobile cloud security through accessible and cross-platform fingerprint authentication.
CURRENT EVENT: CLOUD COMPUTING 1
CLOUD COMPUTING 2
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing
Introduction:
Cloud computing is that the conveyance identified with registering suppliers over the on the web. Regardless of whether they recognize the thing or not vital, a few individuals fabricate utilization of disabling recording providers as their very own consequence individual needs. Rather than keeping up information all alone repaired circle or transport to-date capacities to your necessities, you utilize partner email discoverer administration over the on the web, from a further place to be prepared to look the information you have or work to use its capacities. Doing in this way would conceivably bring out the unequivocal level of security edges (Rittinghouse and Ransome,).
Maintained the nation over to begin and which is related to points of interest close by mechanical improvement, weaken handling suggests that how related to benefitting figuring infers that returning from an organization, in need, by the method for a misuse client tablet or adaptable PC or PC joined with the framework. Cloud computing in more explicit words is routinely elucidated because the keeping close to getting to related to data along code over World Wide net rather than keeping in modified circle. The most goals ought to supply time-tested close by tweaked successful preparing environment to end customers. Cloud computing suppliers are as often as possible open, individual or crossbreed (Furth & Escalante).
The many main options concerning impair computing are:
1. The services square measures sometimes offered to end user would like computing means that square measure calculated off that build it potential for purchasers to pay restricted to means that alongside employment used.
2. The service is sometimes supplied alongside that a person could profit endless suppliers it would like.
3. A given exceptional quality related to suppliers is sometimes secure through service.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
The procedure methodologies might be seen everywhere on at whatever time with all the regular frameworks that will be seen by a method for the net.
• A customer will just trade out any registering systems using administration firm while no man relationship.
• Computing region technique unit now and then shared by implies that of different desktops, these zone units powerfully issued to be prepared to desktops figuring on need.
• The registering procedures might be all around profited inside of an adaptable methodology by implies that of householders that may upgrade the methods at whatever time vital also to weaken once that are not anticipated.
• Cloud computing arrangements are region unit some of the time dynamic that is ...
A NOVEL THIN CLIENT ARCHITECTURE WITH HYBRID PUSH-PULL MODEL, ADAPTIVE DISPLA...ijasuc
The advent of cloud computing has driven away the notion of having sophisticated hardware devices for
performing computing intensive tasks. This feature is very essential for resource-constrained devices. In
mobile cloud computing, it is sufficient that the device be a thin client i.e. which concentrates solely on
providing a graphical user interface to the end-user and the processing is done in the cloud. We focus on
adaptive display virtualization where the display updates are computed in advance using synchronization
techniques and classifying the job as computationally intensive or not based on the complexity of the
program and the interaction pattern. Based on application, the next possible key-press is identified and
those particular frames are pre-fetched into the local buffer. Based on these two factors, a decision is
then made whether to execute the job locally or in the cloud or whether we must take the next frame from
the local buffer or pull it from server. Jobs requiring greater interaction are executed locally in the
mobile to reduce interaction delay. If a job is to be executed in the cloud, then the results of the
processing alone are sent via the network to the device. The parameters are varied in runtime based on
network conditions and application parameters to minimise the interaction delay.
Securing Mobile Cloud Using Finger Print AuthenticationIJNSA Journal
- The document proposes a new user authentication mechanism for mobile cloud computing using fingerprint recognition captured by a mobile phone camera.
- It describes designing and implementing a solution where fingerprint images are taken, preprocessed on the mobile device, and matched against stored templates in a cloud database to authenticate users for mobile cloud access.
- Experimental results on different mobile devices found average processing times between 0.4-0.8 seconds, meeting usability standards, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed fingerprint-based authentication system for enhancing mobile cloud security.
The Riisk and Challllenges off Clloud ComputtiingIJERA Editor
Cloud computing is a computing technology aiming to share storage, computation, and services transparently
among a massive users. Current cloud computing systems pose serious limitation to protecting the confidentiality
of user data. Since the data share and stored is presented in unencrypted forms to remote machines owned and
operated by third party service providers despite it sensitivity (example contact address, mails), the risks of
disclosing user confidential data by service providers may be quite high and the risk of attacking cloud storage
by third party is also increasing. The purpose of this study is to review researches done on this technology,
identify the security risk and explore some techniques for protecting users‟ data from attackers in the cloud.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING –FUTURE OF NEXT GENERATION COMPUTINGijistjournal
Mobile device has become essential part of human life. Apart from call and receive functions, user can access many function in his/her mobile. A user wants everything on his/her mobile device for the ease of work. Some people use tablets instead of laptop or desktop. In this paper, insights into Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) are presented. First overview of cloud computing system is discussed. Then after architecture of MCC is presented. Some applications based on MCC are also discussed and paper is concluded by exploring the problems and solutions of these in MCC.
Addressing Security Issues and Challenges in Mobile Cloud ComputingEditor IJCATR
This document discusses security issues and challenges in mobile cloud computing. It begins by introducing mobile cloud computing and its architecture, which connects mobile devices to cloud resources over wireless networks. It then discusses some key characteristics of mobile cloud computing like computing as a service and the SPI service model.
The document focuses on security issues, separating them into those associated with the cloud and those related to mobile networks. For the cloud, it discusses risks from data sharing in a multi-tenant environment, unauthorized access, and lack of transparency. For mobile networks, it covers loss of control over data, privacy, lack of quality guarantees, and legal/regulatory compliance challenges. It concludes by suggesting some solutions to these security problems like data encryption, access
Online Paper Submission - International Journal of Information Sciences and T...ijistjournal
The International Journal of Information Science & Techniques (IJIST) focuses on information systems science and technology coercing multitude applications of information systems in business administration, social science, biosciences, and humanities education, library sciences management, depiction of data and structural illustration, big data analytics, information economics in real engineering and scientific problems.
This journal provides a forum that impacts the development of engineering, education, technology management, information theories and application validation. It also acts as a path to exchange novel and innovative ideas about Information systems science and technology.
Call for Papers - 5th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CB...ijistjournal
5th International Conference on Cloud, Big Data and IoT (CBIoT 2024) will act as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments, and research projects in the areas of Cloud, Big Data and IoT. It will also serve to facilitate the exchange of information between researchers and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and advancement in the area of Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
Authors are solicited to contribute to the conference by submitting articles that illustrate research results, projects, surveying works and industrial experiences that describe significant advances in Cloud, Big Data and IoT.
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GCM (Google Cloud Messaging) is a free service that allows application servers to send lightweight messages to Android applications. It eliminates the need for continuous polling of a server for updates by allowing messages to be pushed to devices even when apps are not running. Developers must integrate the GCM client library into their Android apps, register their apps with the Google API console to obtain an API key, and handle incoming messages with a GCMIntentService. The GCM service replaces the deprecated C2DM service with easier setup and no quotas on messages.
Abstract: Cloud computing is a latest trend and a hot topic in today global world. In which sources are provided to concern as local user on an on demand basically as usual it provides the path or means of internet. Mobile cloud computing is simply cloud computing throughout that at all smallest variety of devices could be involved as wireless equipment this paper concern multiple procedure and procedure for the mobile cloud computing . It developed every General mobile cloud computing solution and application specific solution. It also concern about the cloud computing in which mobile phones are used to browse the web, write e-mails, videos etc. Mobile phones are become the universal interface online services and cloud computing application general run local on mobile phones.
Secured Communication Model for Mobile Cloud Computingijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
This document discusses push notifications from an application server to mobile devices using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM). It begins by explaining the drawbacks of traditional pull technology for mobile apps and how push notifications can address these issues. Next, it describes the system architecture involving an application server, GCM server, and Android app. The application server sends push messages to GCM which are then delivered to subscribed devices even if the app is not actively running. The Android app receives push messages from GCM and can create calendar events with configurable notifications. This system allows third parties to efficiently send notifications to registered customers on their mobile devices.
1) The document proposes a portable smart data server for small businesses that eliminates the need for internet infrastructure, hosting, website maintenance, and costly hardware. It uses an Android smartphone to function as the data server.
2) The system design involves using a smartphone's SQLite database to store data and a broadcast receiver to detect incoming requests via SMS. The business logic is invoked to process requests and send replies.
3) An implementation was created on an Android phone to demonstrate serving over 1000 requests with no errors and caching frequent queries. Comparisons show it requires low cost, space and power compared to traditional data servers.
This document provides a review of cloud-based intrusion detection systems for Android smartphones. It discusses how cloud computing can be used to provide security services that are difficult for smartphones to implement locally due to limitations in storage, processing power, and battery life. The document proposes a high-level system architecture that performs intrusion detection on a virtualized replica of a smartphone in the cloud. This allows running multiple detection engines in parallel to identify attacks. If an attack is detected, the cloud sends a response to a mobile agent on the smartphone to trigger recovery actions.
The document proposes a system to enable internet access through SMS in remote areas without internet connectivity. It involves using a USB modem as an SMS server, connecting it to a PC serving as a web server. Python software interfaces with the SMS server and web server to parse HTML responses. An Android application on a mobile handset acts as a client, allowing users to make internet queries by sending SMS texts to the server. The server uses Python to retrieve information from the web server, parse the HTML, and send response SMS texts back to the mobile client. This allows basic internet functionality like web searches through SMS in areas without an internet signal.
Secure hash based distributed framework for utpc based cloud authorizationIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a secure distributed framework for cloud authorization using unit transaction permission coins (UTPCs). The framework uses hash functions like SHA and MD5 to generate unique UTPCs on Android smartphones based on device identifiers. These UTPCs are used for user authentication to access cloud services. The framework aims to provide lightweight and compatible security for real-time cloud applications. It discusses security challenges with cloud computing and sensor networks, and proposes generating UTPCs through a nested hashing process as a security token for cloud user authorization.
Secure hash based distributed framework for utpc based cloud authorizationIAEME Publication
This document discusses secure authorization for cloud computing using smartphones. It proposes a distributed framework that uses a Unit Transaction Permission Coin (UTPC) as a security token for cloud user authorization. The UTPC is generated using a hash function like SHA or MD5, making it difficult for intruders to break. The framework registers and authenticates trusted smartphone devices using their IMEI and IMSI identifiers in an untrusted computing environment. The resulting UTPC-based authorization method is lightweight and compatible with real-time cloud applications.
A Review And Research Towards Mobile Cloud ComputingSuzanne Simmons
This document provides an overview of mobile cloud computing (MCC), including its advantages and challenges. MCC integrates cloud computing with mobile environments to provide mobile users access to rich computing resources and applications. Key advantages include extending battery life by offloading processing to cloud servers, improving data storage capacity and processing power by storing data in the cloud, and improving reliability through data backup in the cloud. However, challenges exist due to limitations of mobile devices like processing power, storage and battery life. Additionally, the quality of wireless communication introduces issues like variable bandwidth and delays. Dividing applications between mobile devices and cloud servers also requires optimization techniques to determine the most efficient distribution of processing tasks.
Techniques to Minimize State Transfer Cost for Dynamic Execution Offloading I...IJERA Editor
The recent advancement in cloud computing in cloud computing is leading to and excessive growth of the mobile devices that can become powerful means for the information access and mobile applications. This introducing a latent technology called Mobile cloud computing. Smart phone device supports wide range of mobile applications which require high computational power, memory, storage and energy but these resources are limited in number so act as constraints in smart phone devices. With the integration of cloud computing and mobile applications it is possible to overcome these constraints by offloading the complex modules on cloud. These restrictions may be alleviated by computation offloading: sending heavy computations to resourceful servers and receiving the results from these servers. Many issues related to offloading have been investigated in the past decade.
Implementing SAAS: Cloud Computing and Android Based Application Framework fo...IOSR Journals
This document discusses the development of a cloud-based application framework for C programming on Android devices. It begins with background on cloud computing and the SAAS (Software as a Service) model. It then discusses the Android operating system and outlines the development of a "Cloud C Compiler" that allows users to create, compile and execute C programs on the cloud using mobile devices. The application was created using Java servlets and Android SDK. It allows C code to be compiled and run on remote server infrastructure. Testing showed the application could successfully compile and run C programs on an Android emulator and local host server. The framework aims to provide mobile access to computational resources and applications for students.
Securing mobile cloud using finger print authenticationIJNSA Journal
The document summarizes a research paper that proposes using fingerprint recognition for user authentication in mobile cloud computing. It introduces mobile cloud computing and the need to improve security by strengthening authentication methods. The proposed approach uses a mobile phone's camera to capture fingerprint images for authentication instead of additional hardware. The algorithm extracts features from captured images and matches them to stored templates. Experimental results on different mobile devices found processing times below standards. The solution was concluded to enhance mobile cloud security through accessible and cross-platform fingerprint authentication.
CURRENT EVENT: CLOUD COMPUTING 1
CLOUD COMPUTING 2
Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing
Introduction:
Cloud computing is that the conveyance identified with registering suppliers over the on the web. Regardless of whether they recognize the thing or not vital, a few individuals fabricate utilization of disabling recording providers as their very own consequence individual needs. Rather than keeping up information all alone repaired circle or transport to-date capacities to your necessities, you utilize partner email discoverer administration over the on the web, from a further place to be prepared to look the information you have or work to use its capacities. Doing in this way would conceivably bring out the unequivocal level of security edges (Rittinghouse and Ransome,).
Maintained the nation over to begin and which is related to points of interest close by mechanical improvement, weaken handling suggests that how related to benefitting figuring infers that returning from an organization, in need, by the method for a misuse client tablet or adaptable PC or PC joined with the framework. Cloud computing in more explicit words is routinely elucidated because the keeping close to getting to related to data along code over World Wide net rather than keeping in modified circle. The most goals ought to supply time-tested close by tweaked successful preparing environment to end customers. Cloud computing suppliers are as often as possible open, individual or crossbreed (Furth & Escalante).
The many main options concerning impair computing are:
1. The services square measures sometimes offered to end user would like computing means that square measure calculated off that build it potential for purchasers to pay restricted to means that alongside employment used.
2. The service is sometimes supplied alongside that a person could profit endless suppliers it would like.
3. A given exceptional quality related to suppliers is sometimes secure through service.
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
The procedure methodologies might be seen everywhere on at whatever time with all the regular frameworks that will be seen by a method for the net.
• A customer will just trade out any registering systems using administration firm while no man relationship.
• Computing region technique unit now and then shared by implies that of different desktops, these zone units powerfully issued to be prepared to desktops figuring on need.
• The registering procedures might be all around profited inside of an adaptable methodology by implies that of householders that may upgrade the methods at whatever time vital also to weaken once that are not anticipated.
• Cloud computing arrangements are region unit some of the time dynamic that is ...
A NOVEL THIN CLIENT ARCHITECTURE WITH HYBRID PUSH-PULL MODEL, ADAPTIVE DISPLA...ijasuc
The advent of cloud computing has driven away the notion of having sophisticated hardware devices for
performing computing intensive tasks. This feature is very essential for resource-constrained devices. In
mobile cloud computing, it is sufficient that the device be a thin client i.e. which concentrates solely on
providing a graphical user interface to the end-user and the processing is done in the cloud. We focus on
adaptive display virtualization where the display updates are computed in advance using synchronization
techniques and classifying the job as computationally intensive or not based on the complexity of the
program and the interaction pattern. Based on application, the next possible key-press is identified and
those particular frames are pre-fetched into the local buffer. Based on these two factors, a decision is
then made whether to execute the job locally or in the cloud or whether we must take the next frame from
the local buffer or pull it from server. Jobs requiring greater interaction are executed locally in the
mobile to reduce interaction delay. If a job is to be executed in the cloud, then the results of the
processing alone are sent via the network to the device. The parameters are varied in runtime based on
network conditions and application parameters to minimise the interaction delay.
Securing Mobile Cloud Using Finger Print AuthenticationIJNSA Journal
- The document proposes a new user authentication mechanism for mobile cloud computing using fingerprint recognition captured by a mobile phone camera.
- It describes designing and implementing a solution where fingerprint images are taken, preprocessed on the mobile device, and matched against stored templates in a cloud database to authenticate users for mobile cloud access.
- Experimental results on different mobile devices found average processing times between 0.4-0.8 seconds, meeting usability standards, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed fingerprint-based authentication system for enhancing mobile cloud security.
The Riisk and Challllenges off Clloud ComputtiingIJERA Editor
Cloud computing is a computing technology aiming to share storage, computation, and services transparently
among a massive users. Current cloud computing systems pose serious limitation to protecting the confidentiality
of user data. Since the data share and stored is presented in unencrypted forms to remote machines owned and
operated by third party service providers despite it sensitivity (example contact address, mails), the risks of
disclosing user confidential data by service providers may be quite high and the risk of attacking cloud storage
by third party is also increasing. The purpose of this study is to review researches done on this technology,
identify the security risk and explore some techniques for protecting users‟ data from attackers in the cloud.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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Mobile device has become essential part of human life. Apart from call and receive functions, user can access many function in his/her mobile. A user wants everything on his/her mobile device for the ease of work. Some people use tablets instead of laptop or desktop. In this paper, insights into Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) are presented. First overview of cloud computing system is discussed. Then after architecture of MCC is presented. Some applications based on MCC are also discussed and paper is concluded by exploring the problems and solutions of these in MCC.
Addressing Security Issues and Challenges in Mobile Cloud ComputingEditor IJCATR
This document discusses security issues and challenges in mobile cloud computing. It begins by introducing mobile cloud computing and its architecture, which connects mobile devices to cloud resources over wireless networks. It then discusses some key characteristics of mobile cloud computing like computing as a service and the SPI service model.
The document focuses on security issues, separating them into those associated with the cloud and those related to mobile networks. For the cloud, it discusses risks from data sharing in a multi-tenant environment, unauthorized access, and lack of transparency. For mobile networks, it covers loss of control over data, privacy, lack of quality guarantees, and legal/regulatory compliance challenges. It concludes by suggesting some solutions to these security problems like data encryption, access
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Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
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GOOGLE CLOUD MESSAGING (GCM): A LIGHT WEIGHT COMMUNICATION MECHANISM BETWEEN CLIENT AND SERVER ON ANDROID PLATFORM
1. International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
DOI : 10.5121/ijist.2016.6208 69
GOOGLE CLOUD MESSAGING (GCM):
A LIGHT WEIGHT COMMUNICATION MECHANISM
BETWEEN CLIENT AND SERVER ON ANDROID
PLATFORM
Nilay Ganatra and Rachana Patel
Department of Computer Applications, CHARUSAT, Changa,
ABSTRACT
In This Paper, We Examine the push Messaging Service Google Cloud Messaging (Gcm) for Android
Platform. Android Platform Traditionally Keep Data Synchronization Between Android Device And
Server-Side Using Method of Pulling. Each Android Device has to Poll Server for Updated Data, Which
Leads to Unnecessary Network Traffic and Wastage of Mobile Phone Battery. In Order to Overcome This
Weakness, Data Pushing Service, Gcm Was Introduced. Push, Describes a Style of Internet-Based
Communication Where the Request for a Given Transaction Is Initiated By The Publisher or Central
Server. Push Messaging is a Multi-Channel Mobile Cloud Communications Platform that Unifies Push
Notifications, Sms and Instant Messaging. Gcm Service Allows Sending Data From The App Engine or
Other Backhands to Android Powered Device. GCM is Lightweight Push Notification Based Service
Notifying Android Application About New Data to be Fetched from the Server or Messaging Containing
4kb of Payload Data. Gcm Manages All Aspects Messages Queuing and Delivery of Message to Target
Android Application Running on Target Device.
KEYWORDS
GCM, Push Notification, Multi-Channel, Mobile Cloud.
1. INTRODUCTION
Advancement in mobile phone technology is the high-speed network available to the public.
With EDGE, 3G and 4G, users are almost always connected. Smart phone device combined
with high speed network provide many new and electrifying innovation possibilities [1]. One of
them is cloud computing. Combination of cloud computing, mobile computing and wireless
networks bring rich computational resources to mobile users [3].The term cloud computing
refers to the applications delivered over the Internet specifically and the hardware and systems
software that is providing these services [4].
With the current development of mobile and inescapable computing era, smartphones became
pervasive. A major portion of these applications depends on the cloud and Google Cloud
Messaging is a very useful and popular service for client/server communication [5]. Google
cloud messaging is an open service than enables developers to send messages between servers
and client applications[2]. It provides facility of downstream messaging i.e. from server to
client application, as well upstream messaging from client application to server. Today almost
more than half of the smartphone users using Android OS based devices. With release of
Android Wear, Android stretched its province to wearable devices like google glass, smart
watch etc. Both, smart and wearable smart devices use GCM for notifications. Wearable
devices includes computer and advanced electronic technologies. For example, Google glass
2. International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
70
forward most of its task to cloud-central elucidation called Mirror API, and Mirror API [6] uses
GCM for client server communication.
Google cloud messaging is service for sending and receiving push notifications to and from and
android applications. Before the push messaging support was added to the Android platform it
was common to use a polling mechanism. This worked by making application itself would
periodically poll your servers to check for new messages. You would need to implement
everything from queuing messages to writing the polling code. Alerts are no good if they‟re
delayed due to a low polling period but the more frequently you poll, the more the battery is
going to die.
GCM is default push messaging service for the Android platform. GCM handles queuing of
messaging and delivering those messages to the target application. GCM service is particularly
useful whenever new data is available on server instead of making request to server on regular
time interval. For example, email android application, it is not an effectual to have the
application ping to server to check for new mails. Server should notify mobile device
application about new mail.
2. RELATED WORKS
A significant amount of work is found in this type of research. Here we have reviewed and used
following references for this article.
Chetan D Wadate, Prashant T Suvare, Aniket S More and Rina Bora have published WI-FI
based push notification in college campus noticeboard, using which they can update information
regarding various campus activities like: meeting times, exam dates, class cancellations and
other[7].
Jarle Hansen, Tor-Morten Grønli and Gheorghita Ghinea have compared various push
notification technologies in the aspect of Stability, Response time and Energy consumption for
Android platform, namely C2DM, XMPP, Xtify and Urban Arship [8].
Yavuz Selim Yilmaz, Bahadir Ismail Aydin and Murat Demirbas have evaluated GCM, and
concluded GCM is not suitable for “must-deliver-to-all” app scenarios. They have identified
GCM is good for the applications where random multicasting is sufficient [9].
Harminder Singh, Dr Sudesh Kumar, Harpreet Kaur have combined GCM service with location
service and develop new service. They have mentioned advantages and limitations of this newly
created service [10].
Naresh Kumar N and Prof. Mohan K have given overview of GCM architecture,
implementation and advantages of GCM over C2DM [11].
3. ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW OF GCM:
Google Cloud Messaging for Android (GCM) is a service that allows you to send data from
your server to the users' Android-powered device. GCM is lightweight message notifying your
application about new data to be fetched from the server like new version of apps or something
like that [12]. The GCM service serves all aspects of storing, queuing and delivery of messages
to the target Android application running on particular device. It is a completely free service
whatever you‟re messaging needs [13].
3. International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
71
3.1. GCM Architecture
GCM architecture includes a Google connection server, an app server in your application that
communicate with the connection server via HTTP or XMPP protocol and client application.
Figure 1. Architectural overview of GCM service
3.2. Working of GCM
1. Android device sends Sender id, application id to the GCM server for registration.
2. On successful registration, the GCM server gives a registration ID to android device.
3. Android device sends this registration ID to the local server.
4. The local server stores the registration ID in the database for later use.
a) Whenever a notification is provided through the website, the server sends
the message to the GCM server along with the registered ID.
b) GCM server sends that message to particular device using that registration ID.
The Google‟s Cloud messaging platform as shown in the Figure 2 will act as the primary
platform. The user will first be registering onto the GCM platform and will receive a token ID
which will be stored on the server which identifies the user‟s phone based on that ID. The
server is where the organization will be having a PHP based web client which is going to send
the notifications to individuals with respect to their registration ID or in bulk however intended
[13].
Figure 2. Shows the overall process of registration and sending a notification occurs. The user
registers on the GCM in step 1 the GCM provides the registration ID in step 2. In step 3 & 4 the
mobile stores the ID on the server and the step a. & b. are the phases where the server is sending
the notification to the phone via the GCM architecture.
GCM is used as it is a client server architecture which is the most commonly and widely used
architecture. GCM provides feature of folding messages into small parts; collapsible messages
are a better choice for a mobile device performance point of view, because they put less burden
on the device battery.
Scalability implies the ability for the architecture to grow and accommodate increasing numbers
of users, applications, and systems. Scalability and Extensibility refer to an application's ability
to inherently support changes to the hardware and software on which it depends. Using GCM
we can send messages to a single or a group of android devices simultaneously in a single
transmission.
4. International Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.6, No.1/2, March 2016
72
Figure 2. Working of Google Cloud Messaging
3.3. Android Device:
The Android application is the main interface via which the user is going to use to receive the
push notifications. The important requirements for developing the application are listed below:
Client Application [14]: This application is developed using android development studio in
conjunction with SDK tools.
SDK tools [14]: The Android SDK tools compile the code along with any data and resource
files. The Android SDK provides the tools and APIs necessary to begin developing
applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language.
.apk [14]: All the code in a single .apk file is considered to be one application and is the file
that Android-powered devices use to install the application.
Android OS [14]: Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touch
screen mobile devices such as smart phones and tablet computers. It enables replace and
reuse of components.
3.4. Server Application and Database:
The server application and database are an essential part of the push notifications and the main
activity of the server and database is to provide the admin the facility to send the message to the
client and receive an acknowledgement from the client that the message has been received. The
components which are required to setup a server are listed below:
PHP [13]-[15]: PHP Hypertext Pre-processor", is an open-source, reflective programming
language used mainly for developing server-side applications and dynamic web content.
XAMPP is a free open source cross platform web server package consisting of Apache Http
server, MySQL database and interpreters for scripts written in PHP and Perl programming
language.
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MySQL [16]: MySQL is the most popular database system used with PHP. MySQL is open
source RDBMS which manages the data contained within the databases. We have used the
version MySQL 5.0.
3.5. Components and Credentials of GCM:
Components:
Component Description
GCM Connection Google server sending messages
Server between the app server and the
client app
Client App Client app with GCM-enabled
communicate with your app server
App Server An app server that you write as
part of implementing GCM. This
server sends data to a client app
using GCM connection server.
Credentials:
Credential Description
Sender ID A unique numeric value generated
when you configure your API
project. This id is used in the
registration process to authenticate
the app server to send messages to
the client app.
API Key An API key saved on the app
server that provides authorized
access to Google service. You
obtain the API key while
configuring your API project.
Application ID A client app that is registering to
receive messages. For different
platform you can obtain it in
following way:
Android: uses the package
name
iOS: use the app‟s bundle
identifier
Chrome: use the Chrome
extension name
Registration Token An ID given by GCM connection
server to the client app that permits
it to receive messages.
3.6. Working Lifecycle of GCM [17]:
Register to use GCM: An object of client app register to receive messages.
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Downstream message communication:
o Send a messages: The app server sends messages to the client app:
1. The app server sends a message to GCM connection server.
2. If the device is offline, the GCM connection server queuing up and
store the messages if device is not connected.
3. When device is connected, the GCM connection server sends the
messages to the device.
4. On the device, the client app receives the message according to the
platform-specific implementation.
o Receive a message: Client app receive a message from a GCM connection
server according to platform-specific implementation of client app.
Upstream Message communication:
o Send a message: A client app sends messages to app server.
1. On the device, platform specific implemented app sends messages to
the XMPP connection server.
2. The connection server queuing up and stores the messages if the server
is disconnected.
3. When app server is connected, the XMPP connection server will send
the messages to the app server.
o Receive a message: An app server receives a message from the connection
server and does following:
1. Parse the header information to verify client app sender information.
2. Send “ack” to the connection server to acknowledge receiving the
messages.
3. Parse the messages payload, as defined by the client app.
4. IMPLEMENTATION & METHODS
GCM basically provides three messaging techniques: Device Group Messaging, Downstream
Messaging and Upstream Messaging.
4.1 Device Group Messaging [17]:
With this technique, application server is able to send a single message to multiple instances of
an app running on different devices belonging to a group.
Managing device groups:
1. Get registration tokens for each device in the group.
2. Create the notification_key, which finds the device group by mapping a particular group.
The application server will send message to the notification_key, and GCM send the message to
all the registered tokens of group.
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Creating device group:
The notofication_key_name is a uniue identifier given to a group.
Figure 3. Device Group
Sending downstream messages to device group:
Figure 4. HTTP POST Request Format
Suppose notification_key has 2 registration token associated it, and message was successfully
sent to both of them:
Figure 5. HTTP RESPONSE Format
Sending upstream messages to device groups:
Client application can send messages upstream to device group by targeting messages to the
appropriate notification key in the „to’ field.
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The following call to GCM sends upstream messages to a notification key.
Figure 6. GCM Upstream Message
4.2 Downstream Messaging [17]:
In this, messages sent from the application server to directly client application on a device.
Downstream messages from the server:
The application server sets „to‟ with the receiving client applications‟ registration token.
Figure 7. HTTP POST Request
Messages on an Android client application:
To receive simple downstream messages, use a service that extendsGcmListenerService to
handle messages received by GcmReceiver. GcmReceiver extends WakefulBroadcastReceiver,
guaranteeing that the CPU is awake so that your listener service can complete its task.
By overriding the method GcmListenerService.onMessageReceived, you can perform actions
based on the received message:
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Figure 8. Android App Message
4.3 Upstream Messaging [17]:
To initiate upstream messages, the client application sends a request containing the following:
The address of the application server, i.e. SENDER_ID@gcm.googleapis.com.
A message ID that should be unique per sender ID.
The message data comprising the key/value pairs of the message's payload.
Send an upstream message from an Android client application:
Figure 9. Android Upstream Message
Receive XMPP message on the application server:
Figure 10. XMPP Message on Server
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3. CONCLUSIONS
Google cloud messaging provides great convenience and flexible way for upstream and
downstream messaging between client and server. In this paper, we have discussed architecture,
different ways of GCM implementation and how third party application server sends messages
to registered Android device via GCM. GCM solved many obstacles between client and server
synchronization by push messaging technique. There are some limitations of GCM system like
message delivery is unpredictable. The output of the system can‟t be expected with certainty.
GCM works efficiently only when device has stable internet connection.
REFERENCES
[1] Wikipedia, “Push technology”.Available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology
[2] Google Cloud Platform, “Cloud Messaging Support”.Available:
https://cloud.google.com/tools/android-studio/messaging/
[3] Jarle Hansen, Tor-Morten Grønli, Gheorghita Ghinea, “Towards Cloud to Device Push Messaging
on Android: Technologies, Possibilities and Challenges”, Int. J. Communications, Network and
System Sciences, 2012, 5, 839-849
[4] Wikipedia, “Mobile cloud computing”. Available:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_cloud_computing
[5] Android Developers , “Google Cloud Messaging for Android ” Available:
http://developer.android.com/google/gcm/index.html
[6] Android Developers, “Google Glass-Mirror API.” Available:
https://developers.google.com/glass/develop/mirror/index
[7] Chetan D Wadate, Prashant T Suvare, Aniket S More and Rina Bora- “A Survey of Automatic Wi-
Fi based Push Notification in College Campus using Cloud”, International Journal of
Computer Applications (0975 – 8887), International Conference on Advances in Science and
Technology (ICAST-2014).
[8] Jarle Hansen, Tor-Morten Grønli and Gheorghita Ghinea- “Towards Cloud to Device Push
Messaging on Android: Technologies, Possibilities and Challenges”, Int. J. Communications,
Network and System Sciences (839-849), December-2012.
[9] Yavuz Selim Yilmaz, Bahadir Ismail Aydin and Murat Demirbas- “Google Cloud Messaging
(GCM): An Evaluation”, Globecom 2014 -Symposium on Selected Areas in Communications:
GC14 SAC Internet of Things.
[10] Harminder Singh, Dr Sudesh Kumar, Harpreet Kaur- “Location Based System Using Google Cloud
Messaging”, National Conference on Innovative Trends in Computer Science Engineering (ITCSE-
2015), April-2015.
[11] Naresh Kumar N and Prof. Mohan K-“GCM Service Driven Communication With An Android
Application In Cloud Computing”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT), Vol. 2 Issue 5, May – 2013.
[12] Google Play, “View & diagnose Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) statistics” Available:
https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer /answer/2663268? hl=en
[13] AndroidHive, “Android Push Notifications using Google Cloud Messaging” Available:
http://www.androidhive.info/
[14] Tutorialspoint: “Android-Architecture” Available:
http://tutorialspoint.com/android/android_architecture
[15] PHP, “PHP Manual” Available: http://www.php.net/manual/
[16] MySQL, “ MySQL Documentation” Available: http://www.mysql.com
[17] Google Developers, “Cloud Messaging”, Available: https://developers.google.com/cloud-
messaging.
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AUTHORS
Nilay Ganatra received Bachelor‟s degree in Computer Science B.Sc. (Computer
Science) from Sardar Patel University, Gujarat,India and Master‟s Degree in
Computer Applications (M.C.A) from Gujarat University, Gujarat, India. He is with
MCA Department at Smt Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer
Applications, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT),
Changa, Gujarat,India. His research interests include Wireless Networks and Mobile
Computing.
Rachana Patel received Bachelor‟s degree in Computer Application B.C.A
(Computer Science) from Dharmsinh Desai University, Gujarat, India and
Master‟s Degree in Computer Applications (M.C.A) from Gujarat University,
Gujarat, India. She is with MCA Department at Smt Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel
Institute of Computer Applications, Charotar University of Science and
Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat,India. His research interests include
Machine Learning and Wireless Networks.