Gongronema latifolium GL has gained research interest in the field of Medicine. The present study investigated the cardioprotective potentials of the ethanolic and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves extract of G.L. 18 Male Wistar rats were divided equally into three groups. Group 1 was the control group, and was administered 0.9 normal saline. Group 2 was administered 200mg kg ethanolic leaves extract of GL. Group 3 received 200mg kg ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves extract of GL. Administration was via oral gavage and lasted for 14 days. The rats were sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture, allowed to clot, and later centrifuged to get serum. Laboratory assays were done for serum concentrations of total cholesterol Tc , total triglycerides Tg , high density lipoprotein HDL-c , low density lipoprotein LDL , malondialedyde MDA , total antioxidant capacity TAC , and total plasma peroxide TPP . The heart, aorta, and kidneys were also harvested for organ weight and histological studies. Administration of GL extracts resulted in an increase p 0.001 serum concentrations of HDL-c and TAC, with a consequent reduction in the serum concentrations of Tg, LDL-c, VLDL, MDA, and TPP. There was no significant p 0.01 change in organ weights of the heart, aorta, and kidneys across the groups. Histology of the blood vessels showed intact layers across the groups. There was no derangement of cellular architecture in the heart and kidney. This study therefore concludes that Gongronema latifolium leaves extract is cardioprotective, and thus provides a basis for the use of this plant as an alternative for the prevention, management or control of cardiovascular diseases. Justin Atiang Beshel | Favour Nyoh Beshel | Clement Oshie Nku | Daniel Udofia Owu "Gongronema Latifolium: A Plant with Cardioprotective Potentials" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21431.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/physiology/21431/gongronema-latifolium-a-plant-with-cardioprotective-potentials/justin-atiang-beshel
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Approach of Herbal Drugs in Treatment of Cardio Vascular Diseaseijtsrd
Herbs have been utilized as restorative medicines since the start of development and a few subsidiaries eg, headache medicine, reserpine, and digitalis have moved toward becoming pillars of human pharmacotherapy. For cardiovascular ailments, natural medications have been utilized in patients with congestive heart disappointment, systolic hypertension, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, cerebral deficiency, venous inadequacy, and arrhythmia. Be that as it may, numerous home grown cures utilized today have not experienced cautious logical appraisal, and some can possibly make genuine lethal impacts and real medication tranquilize communications. With the high commonness of home grown use in the United States today, clinicians must ask about such wellbeing rehearses for cardiovascular ailment and be educated about the potential for advantage and mischief. Proceeding with research is important to clarify the pharmacological exercises of the numerous home grown cures currently being utilized to treat cardiovascular sicknesses. Since the start of human progress, herbs have been a necessary piece of society, esteemed for both their culinary and restorative properties. Natural medication has made numerous commitments to business tranquilize arrangements fabricated today including ephedrine from Ephedra sinica mama huang , digitoxin from Digitalis purpurea foxglove , salicin the wellspring of ibuprofen from Salix Alba willow bark , and reserpine from Rauwolfia serpentina snakeroot , to give some examples. A normally happening ß adrenergic blocking operator with halfway agonism has been distinguished in a home grown remedy. The ongoing disclosure of the antineoplastic medication paclitaxel from Taxus brevifolia pacific yew tree focuses on the job of plants as a proceeding with asset for current drug. Manik Charak | Aziz Ahmed ""Approach of Herbal Drugs in Treatment of Cardio Vascular Disease"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23554.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/cardiology/23554/approach-of-herbal-drugs-in-treatment-of-cardio-vascular-disease/manik-charak
Dynamics of Combined Oral Contraceptive: A Study of Some Haematological Param...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This study investigated the effect of protein isolate from leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina in diabetic rats. Thirty (30) adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) each based on their body weight. Diabetes was induced with administration of alloxan, 150 mg/kg body weight (i.p). Group A served as the control and received 1 mL/kg body weight of 5% ethanol being solvent used, Group B received 1 mL alloxan containing 150 mg/kg only. Group C, D, E and F were respectively alloxanized but treated with 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% of protein isolate obtained from V. amygdalina leaves for 14 days. On the 15th day, the animals were humanely sacrificed and their liver homogenates were prepared. Standard biochemical procedures were adopted for determination of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose levels. Data were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post-hoc test using Graph Pad, version 6 software. Results showed that CAT activity in alloxan-induced untreated rats (1.17 μmole H2O2) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than observed in control rats (2.10 mole H2O2). Treatment with the respective doses recorded comparable values to those observed in control rats. Similar observation was seen with SOD data. Rats treated with 7% protein isolate recorded the most significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum glucose level. The study suggests that the protein isolate possesses anti-diabetic and hypoglycaemic effects on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Benincasa cerifera (BC) have wide benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to illustrate the protective effects of BC and Dex on renal IRI in a diabetic model. Sixty adult male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 250–300 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham group: (non-diabetic); diabetes mellitus (DM) + IRI group: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exposed to renal IRI on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes; DM + IRI + BC group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with BC (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI; and DM + IRI + Dex group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Dex (100 µg/kg intraperitoneally) 5 min before induction of ischemia on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. A significant improvement in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were observed in the DM + IRI + BC group, while the DM + IRI + Dex group showed improvements in renal IRI and dyslipidemia. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a chief role in renal IRI in the STZ-induced diabetic model. Treatment with BC achieved excellent ameliorative effects, while treatment with DEX improved renal IRI.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia/Reperfusion; Oxidative Stress
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Approach of Herbal Drugs in Treatment of Cardio Vascular Diseaseijtsrd
Herbs have been utilized as restorative medicines since the start of development and a few subsidiaries eg, headache medicine, reserpine, and digitalis have moved toward becoming pillars of human pharmacotherapy. For cardiovascular ailments, natural medications have been utilized in patients with congestive heart disappointment, systolic hypertension, angina pectoris, atherosclerosis, cerebral deficiency, venous inadequacy, and arrhythmia. Be that as it may, numerous home grown cures utilized today have not experienced cautious logical appraisal, and some can possibly make genuine lethal impacts and real medication tranquilize communications. With the high commonness of home grown use in the United States today, clinicians must ask about such wellbeing rehearses for cardiovascular ailment and be educated about the potential for advantage and mischief. Proceeding with research is important to clarify the pharmacological exercises of the numerous home grown cures currently being utilized to treat cardiovascular sicknesses. Since the start of human progress, herbs have been a necessary piece of society, esteemed for both their culinary and restorative properties. Natural medication has made numerous commitments to business tranquilize arrangements fabricated today including ephedrine from Ephedra sinica mama huang , digitoxin from Digitalis purpurea foxglove , salicin the wellspring of ibuprofen from Salix Alba willow bark , and reserpine from Rauwolfia serpentina snakeroot , to give some examples. A normally happening ß adrenergic blocking operator with halfway agonism has been distinguished in a home grown remedy. The ongoing disclosure of the antineoplastic medication paclitaxel from Taxus brevifolia pacific yew tree focuses on the job of plants as a proceeding with asset for current drug. Manik Charak | Aziz Ahmed ""Approach of Herbal Drugs in Treatment of Cardio Vascular Disease"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23554.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/cardiology/23554/approach-of-herbal-drugs-in-treatment-of-cardio-vascular-disease/manik-charak
Dynamics of Combined Oral Contraceptive: A Study of Some Haematological Param...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
This study investigated the effect of protein isolate from leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina in diabetic rats. Thirty (30) adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six (6) groups of five (5) each based on their body weight. Diabetes was induced with administration of alloxan, 150 mg/kg body weight (i.p). Group A served as the control and received 1 mL/kg body weight of 5% ethanol being solvent used, Group B received 1 mL alloxan containing 150 mg/kg only. Group C, D, E and F were respectively alloxanized but treated with 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% of protein isolate obtained from V. amygdalina leaves for 14 days. On the 15th day, the animals were humanely sacrificed and their liver homogenates were prepared. Standard biochemical procedures were adopted for determination of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glucose levels. Data were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison post-hoc test using Graph Pad, version 6 software. Results showed that CAT activity in alloxan-induced untreated rats (1.17 μmole H2O2) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than observed in control rats (2.10 mole H2O2). Treatment with the respective doses recorded comparable values to those observed in control rats. Similar observation was seen with SOD data. Rats treated with 7% protein isolate recorded the most significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum glucose level. The study suggests that the protein isolate possesses anti-diabetic and hypoglycaemic effects on alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
The Ameliorative Potential of Dexmedetomidine and Benincasa Cerifera Extract ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) represents the main reason for acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (Dex) and Benincasa cerifera (BC) have wide benefits due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study aims to illustrate the protective effects of BC and Dex on renal IRI in a diabetic model. Sixty adult male albino rats (Wistar strain), weighing 250–300 g, were included in the study. The rats were divided into four groups, as follows: sham group: (non-diabetic); diabetes mellitus (DM) + IRI group: streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exposed to renal IRI on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes; DM + IRI + BC group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with BC (500 mg/kg) for 30 days after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI; and DM + IRI + Dex group: STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with Dex (100 µg/kg intraperitoneally) 5 min before induction of ischemia on day 30 after diagnosis of diabetes, then exposed to renal IRI. Biochemical parameters, histopathological examination, and immunohistochemical markers were evaluated. A significant improvement in the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical parameters were observed in the DM + IRI + BC group, while the DM + IRI + Dex group showed improvements in renal IRI and dyslipidemia. The present study demonstrated that oxidative stress plays a chief role in renal IRI in the STZ-induced diabetic model. Treatment with BC achieved excellent ameliorative effects, while treatment with DEX improved renal IRI.
Keywords:
Diabetes; Dexmedetomidine; Ischemia/Reperfusion; Oxidative Stress
Effects of Different Proportions of Salvianolic Acid and Hydroxysafflor Yello...Premier Publishers
In this experiment, SD rats were injected intravenously with different proportions of test samples to observe the protective effect of intravenous injection of pituitrin (PIT) that induced myocardial ischemia in rats, and to determine the lipid peroxidation product of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat brain and the content and activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH). The role of the anti–myocardial ischemia model in the test and its optimal ratio were studied. Each group of test samples was injected through the tail vein and the Ⅱ lead ECG was traced. After injection for 30 min, the rats were sublingually injected with 2U/kg pituitrin, and Ⅱ lead ECG was recorded for 5 min. After 3 hours’ observation, the rats were sacrificed from the cervical spine, and the hearts were removed and placed in a refrigerator at –20 °C to measure various biochemical indicators. Intravenous injection of each group of tested products has the effect of reducing the content of MDA, LDH, and CK in myocardial tissue, which can enhance the activity of SOD in myocardial tissue, and has statistical significance compared with the model group (P≤0.05 or P≤0.01). Through comprehensive comparison, the A:B=1:10 dose group was found to have the best results.
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, a setting in which the functional mass is ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Liver ischemia reperfusion is induced during sur-gical procedures like liver transplantation and re-section. Multiple mechanisms have been postulat-ed to liver damage following liver ischemia reperfu-sion injury, such as oxidative stress and inflamma-tory reactions. The present study declares the pos-sible mechanism of tadalafil, toward modulating the inflammatory response. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups as follows; Sham group sub-jected to midline laparotomy only. Tadalafil group administered Tadalafil 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal 45 min before sham operation. I/R (Ischemia-reperfusion) group, rats undergo 60 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Tada-lafil + I/R group rats undergo a similar pattern of I/R after the treatment with Tadalafil 10 mg/kg, 45 min before ischemia. At the end of the reperfusion, the blood samples were collected for estimation of biochemical markers including liver enzymes using colorimetric assay method and serum: TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-6 (interleukin 6) le-vels, ICAM- 1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) were measured. Tissues were evaluated by semi-quantitative and morphometrical approaches. Ta-dalafil succeeded in restoring normal levels of liverenzymes and ameliorating the oxidative stress as evidenced by decreasing MDA and restoring redu-ced glutathione levels in liver tissue homogenate. Also, Tadalafil exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, as it significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL6 and ICAM-1. The findings are supported by BCL-2, TNF-α immunomarkers. It is concluded that modulation of the inflammatory response might be one of the mechanisms of Tadalafil-mediated he-patoprotection, so it is recommended as an adju-vant therapy in liver surgery.Keywords: Ischemia/reperfusion injury – Oxidative stress – Apoptosis – TNF-α – BCL-2
These are the abstracts indexed with my name in the Proceedings of the National Symposium on Evolving Paradigm to Improve Productivity from Dynamic Management and Value Addition for Plant Genetic Resources.
Cardiac Inflammation and Repair Following Myocardial InfarctionInsideScientific
Join Dr. Merry Lindsey as she discusses her research involving the physiology of recovery from cardiac events.
Age plays a pivotal role in the deterioration of cardiovascular functionality, resulting in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease has also been shown to increase with age, in both men and women, including the prevalence of atherosclerosis, stroke and, myocardial infarction.
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a series of cardiac wound healing responses that involve both the stimulation of robust inflammation to clear necrotic myocytes and tissue debris and the induction of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis to generate an infarct scar. Collectively, this process in known as LV remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a key regulator of LV remodeling post-MI, through direct effects on ECM turnover as well as indirect effects on the regulation of the major cell types that coordinate cardiac wound healing- namely the infiltrating leukocytes and the cardiac fibroblasts. We will discuss recent research that has expanded our understanding of MI LV remodeling, including recent proteomic advances focused on the ECM compartment to provide novel functional and translational insights. In summary, this webinar will provide an overview of how cardiac ECM research has evolved over the last decade and will provide insight into future directions that will drive further understanding of MMP directed cardiac ECM turnover after MI.
Search for atoxic cereals: a single blind, cross-over study on the safety of...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Cereals of baking quality with absent or reduced toxicity are actively sought as alternative therapy to a gluten-free diet (GFD) for patients with coeliac disease (CD). Triticum monococcum, an ancient wheat, is a potential candidate having no toxicity in in-vitro and exvivo studies. The aim of our study was to investigate on the safety of administration of a single dose of gluten of Tm in patients with CD on GFD.
Yagyapathy: A Holistic Approach for Treatment of Severe Disease by Indian Sys...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This study was conducted in the malaria endemic settlements of Lake-Alau, Borno State, Nigeria, between August to December, 2012. The relationship between the mean parasite densities on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 during follow-up and the trends of recoveries from thrombocytopenia in children (≤59 months) was conducted on Plasmodium falciparum malaria using the Standard therapeutic guidelines protocols. A sample size of 313 children was enrolled for the study, all suffered from uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and treated with either Artesunate + Sulphadoxine - Pyrimethamine (AT+SP) and Amodiaquine + Sulphadoxine - Pyrimethamine (AQ+SP). The results shows if the study showed that there was a higher initial platelet count of 77975 x109∕µl in AQ+SP group compared to AT+SP (55281 x 109 ∕ µl) patients, and also the influence of parasitaemia on platelet distribution was relatively higher (98.30%) in AT+SP compared to AQ+SP (95.98%) combinations. Both drugs significantly acted in a similar pattern but the trend of mean daily reduction in parasite density per µl of blood which caused a mean recovery in platelets by 48,606 x109∕µl in AQ+SP as against 37,956 x109∕µl for AT+SP over 28 days of follow-up.
Aqueous flower extract of Tridax procumbens on the haematology/serum lipid pr...Innspub Net
This study is aimed at investigating the acute effects of aqueous flower extracts of Tridax procumbens on some haematological and serum lipid parameters at a dose of 100mg/kg/d in Wistar albino rats. Following a 7-day oral administration of the aqueous extract, haematological and serum lipid parameters were evaluated in the 10 Wistar albino rats. The rats weighed 187.7±28.49g and were randomly assigned into two groups (Group A: control and group B: 100mg/kg/d of extract). The evaluation was performed on fully automated analyzers (ERBA diagnostics) immediately after blood sample collection. The 100mg/kg/d of the flower extract caused significant increases in the levels of PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC, MCV and Platelet concentration (41.8±1.64, 13.64±0.41, 30.95±2.57, 32.99±0.67, 92.7±9.51 and 141.2±17.49 respectively) when compared to the controls which received no extract at all. The extract also caused reduction in the serum levels of Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL (134.68±5.21, 153.5±5.53, 45.5±7.19, 30.7±1.11 respectively). However, the extract produced a significant elevation in the level of the HDL (58.48±4.11). These changes suggest that flower extract has positive effects on the erythron of wistar rats, hemostatic and lipid lowering/anti-atherogenic properties. In conclusion, the flower extract can be exploited as a potential haematinic agent, haemostatic agent (for wound healing activity) and for its anti-hyperlidaemic/anti-atherogenic properties and thus can be useful for development of therapeutic agents in the prevention or management of diseases associated with haematopoietic and lipid disorders (such as anaemia, thrombocytopenia; obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus).
EFFECT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia EXTRACT ON HEART AND LI...oyepata
EFFECT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia EXTRACT ON HEART
AND LIPID PROFILE OF WISTER RATS
WAZIS CHAMA HARUNA1, JOSEPH OYEPATA SIMEON2, *, MODUPE BUILDERS2, JOSEPH
OPEYEMI TOSIN
Effects of Different Proportions of Salvianolic Acid and Hydroxysafflor Yello...Premier Publishers
In this experiment, SD rats were injected intravenously with different proportions of test samples to observe the protective effect of intravenous injection of pituitrin (PIT) that induced myocardial ischemia in rats, and to determine the lipid peroxidation product of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat brain and the content and activity of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase(LDH). The role of the anti–myocardial ischemia model in the test and its optimal ratio were studied. Each group of test samples was injected through the tail vein and the Ⅱ lead ECG was traced. After injection for 30 min, the rats were sublingually injected with 2U/kg pituitrin, and Ⅱ lead ECG was recorded for 5 min. After 3 hours’ observation, the rats were sacrificed from the cervical spine, and the hearts were removed and placed in a refrigerator at –20 °C to measure various biochemical indicators. Intravenous injection of each group of tested products has the effect of reducing the content of MDA, LDH, and CK in myocardial tissue, which can enhance the activity of SOD in myocardial tissue, and has statistical significance compared with the model group (P≤0.05 or P≤0.01). Through comprehensive comparison, the A:B=1:10 dose group was found to have the best results.
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, a setting in which the functional mass is ...Prof. Hesham N. Mustafa
Liver ischemia reperfusion is induced during sur-gical procedures like liver transplantation and re-section. Multiple mechanisms have been postulat-ed to liver damage following liver ischemia reperfu-sion injury, such as oxidative stress and inflamma-tory reactions. The present study declares the pos-sible mechanism of tadalafil, toward modulating the inflammatory response. Forty-eight rats were divided into 4 groups as follows; Sham group sub-jected to midline laparotomy only. Tadalafil group administered Tadalafil 10 mg/kg intraperitoneal 45 min before sham operation. I/R (Ischemia-reperfusion) group, rats undergo 60 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Tada-lafil + I/R group rats undergo a similar pattern of I/R after the treatment with Tadalafil 10 mg/kg, 45 min before ischemia. At the end of the reperfusion, the blood samples were collected for estimation of biochemical markers including liver enzymes using colorimetric assay method and serum: TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), IL-6 (interleukin 6) le-vels, ICAM- 1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) were measured. Tissues were evaluated by semi-quantitative and morphometrical approaches. Ta-dalafil succeeded in restoring normal levels of liverenzymes and ameliorating the oxidative stress as evidenced by decreasing MDA and restoring redu-ced glutathione levels in liver tissue homogenate. Also, Tadalafil exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, as it significantly decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL6 and ICAM-1. The findings are supported by BCL-2, TNF-α immunomarkers. It is concluded that modulation of the inflammatory response might be one of the mechanisms of Tadalafil-mediated he-patoprotection, so it is recommended as an adju-vant therapy in liver surgery.Keywords: Ischemia/reperfusion injury – Oxidative stress – Apoptosis – TNF-α – BCL-2
These are the abstracts indexed with my name in the Proceedings of the National Symposium on Evolving Paradigm to Improve Productivity from Dynamic Management and Value Addition for Plant Genetic Resources.
Cardiac Inflammation and Repair Following Myocardial InfarctionInsideScientific
Join Dr. Merry Lindsey as she discusses her research involving the physiology of recovery from cardiac events.
Age plays a pivotal role in the deterioration of cardiovascular functionality, resulting in an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in older adults. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease has also been shown to increase with age, in both men and women, including the prevalence of atherosclerosis, stroke and, myocardial infarction.
Following myocardial infarction (MI), the left ventricle (LV) undergoes a series of cardiac wound healing responses that involve both the stimulation of robust inflammation to clear necrotic myocytes and tissue debris and the induction of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis to generate an infarct scar. Collectively, this process in known as LV remodeling. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a key regulator of LV remodeling post-MI, through direct effects on ECM turnover as well as indirect effects on the regulation of the major cell types that coordinate cardiac wound healing- namely the infiltrating leukocytes and the cardiac fibroblasts. We will discuss recent research that has expanded our understanding of MI LV remodeling, including recent proteomic advances focused on the ECM compartment to provide novel functional and translational insights. In summary, this webinar will provide an overview of how cardiac ECM research has evolved over the last decade and will provide insight into future directions that will drive further understanding of MMP directed cardiac ECM turnover after MI.
Search for atoxic cereals: a single blind, cross-over study on the safety of...Enrique Moreno Gonzalez
Cereals of baking quality with absent or reduced toxicity are actively sought as alternative therapy to a gluten-free diet (GFD) for patients with coeliac disease (CD). Triticum monococcum, an ancient wheat, is a potential candidate having no toxicity in in-vitro and exvivo studies. The aim of our study was to investigate on the safety of administration of a single dose of gluten of Tm in patients with CD on GFD.
Yagyapathy: A Holistic Approach for Treatment of Severe Disease by Indian Sys...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
This study was conducted in the malaria endemic settlements of Lake-Alau, Borno State, Nigeria, between August to December, 2012. The relationship between the mean parasite densities on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 28 during follow-up and the trends of recoveries from thrombocytopenia in children (≤59 months) was conducted on Plasmodium falciparum malaria using the Standard therapeutic guidelines protocols. A sample size of 313 children was enrolled for the study, all suffered from uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria and treated with either Artesunate + Sulphadoxine - Pyrimethamine (AT+SP) and Amodiaquine + Sulphadoxine - Pyrimethamine (AQ+SP). The results shows if the study showed that there was a higher initial platelet count of 77975 x109∕µl in AQ+SP group compared to AT+SP (55281 x 109 ∕ µl) patients, and also the influence of parasitaemia on platelet distribution was relatively higher (98.30%) in AT+SP compared to AQ+SP (95.98%) combinations. Both drugs significantly acted in a similar pattern but the trend of mean daily reduction in parasite density per µl of blood which caused a mean recovery in platelets by 48,606 x109∕µl in AQ+SP as against 37,956 x109∕µl for AT+SP over 28 days of follow-up.
Aqueous flower extract of Tridax procumbens on the haematology/serum lipid pr...Innspub Net
This study is aimed at investigating the acute effects of aqueous flower extracts of Tridax procumbens on some haematological and serum lipid parameters at a dose of 100mg/kg/d in Wistar albino rats. Following a 7-day oral administration of the aqueous extract, haematological and serum lipid parameters were evaluated in the 10 Wistar albino rats. The rats weighed 187.7±28.49g and were randomly assigned into two groups (Group A: control and group B: 100mg/kg/d of extract). The evaluation was performed on fully automated analyzers (ERBA diagnostics) immediately after blood sample collection. The 100mg/kg/d of the flower extract caused significant increases in the levels of PCV, HB, MCH, MCHC, MCV and Platelet concentration (41.8±1.64, 13.64±0.41, 30.95±2.57, 32.99±0.67, 92.7±9.51 and 141.2±17.49 respectively) when compared to the controls which received no extract at all. The extract also caused reduction in the serum levels of Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL (134.68±5.21, 153.5±5.53, 45.5±7.19, 30.7±1.11 respectively). However, the extract produced a significant elevation in the level of the HDL (58.48±4.11). These changes suggest that flower extract has positive effects on the erythron of wistar rats, hemostatic and lipid lowering/anti-atherogenic properties. In conclusion, the flower extract can be exploited as a potential haematinic agent, haemostatic agent (for wound healing activity) and for its anti-hyperlidaemic/anti-atherogenic properties and thus can be useful for development of therapeutic agents in the prevention or management of diseases associated with haematopoietic and lipid disorders (such as anaemia, thrombocytopenia; obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus).
EFFECT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia EXTRACT ON HEART AND LI...oyepata
EFFECT OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF Cassia angustifolia EXTRACT ON HEART
AND LIPID PROFILE OF WISTER RATS
WAZIS CHAMA HARUNA1, JOSEPH OYEPATA SIMEON2, *, MODUPE BUILDERS2, JOSEPH
OPEYEMI TOSIN
Effect of Ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on lipid profile of str...PUBLISHERJOURNAL
Poor control of diabetes mellitus can result to impairment in lipid profile culminating to dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease and stroke. Measurement of triglyceride (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are recommended in cardiovascular screening. Herbal and natural products have been used in folk medicine for centuries throughout the world. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata on lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar albino rats. All the chemicals and reagents used in this research were of analytical grade. A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8): diabetic rats in group 1 were not treated, rather received only 0.5ml normal saline; 0.5mg glibenclamide was given to diabetic rats in group 2; non-diabetic rats in group 3 received 0.5ml normal saline only, diabetic rats that were treated with 250 mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 450mg/kg b.w of ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata, were labeled groups 4, 5 and 6, respectively. At the end of the 21 days study period, the rats were fasted overnight and blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture. Lipid profile was assayed using standard biochemical methods. Injection of streptozotocin led to a significant (p<0.05) decline in HDL-C while the levels of TAG, TC, and LDL-C increased significantly. Remarkably, treatment with 250 mg/kg, 350mg/kg and 450mg/kg b.w of ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata led to reversal of the altered lipid profile. However, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) when the Chromolaena odorata extract-treated groups were compared to group 2 rats (treated with glibenclamide), a known standard antidiabetic drug. In conclusion, results from this research indicated that the ethanol leaf extract of Chromolaena odorata possess hypo-cholesterolaemic and hypo-triacylglycerolaemic effects as the extract decreased the LDL-cholesterol and increased the HDL-cholesterol levels.
Keywords: Chromolaena odorata, cholesterol, streptozotocin, Diabetes mellitus, Lipid profile, dyslipidemia
µCT analysis reveals that Cissus quadrangularis L. Stem and Trigonella foenum...RahulGupta2015
Cissus quadrangularis L. (hadjod) and Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) plant parts are used for fracture healing and as an antidiabetic agent, respectively in traditional medicine. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of C. quadrangularis stem bark extract (CQ) and T. foenum-graecum seed extract (TFG) therapy for the treatment of type I diabetes induced osteopenia. Alloxan (dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH = 4.5); intraperitoneally injected @ 130 mg/kg body weight) induced type I diabetic rats were treated with individual and combined doses of ethanol extracts of CQ and TFG for consecutive 30 days @ 250 and 500 mg per kg body weight, orally. Insulin (0.5 IU/kg body weight) was chosen as standard. Body weight and fasting blood glucose were recorded. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the femur and tibia were performed using micro-computed tomography (µCT) scan to measure histomorphometric parameters of trabecular and cortical regions and bone mineral density (BMD). Elevated level of fasting blood glucose was restored to the vehicle-treated group after treatment with CQ and TFG. Both the extracts significantly improved trabecular histomorphometric parameters, viz. BMD, percent bone volume, trabecular number, trabecular separation, connection density. Cortical mean total cross-sectional bone area, cross-sectional thickness, mean total cross-sectional tissue area were comparable to the vehicle-treated group. CQ and TFG combination therapy showed a marked improvement in bone microarchitecture and can be given together as a potential alternative medicine to insulin for prevention of type I diabetes induced osteopathy. Therefore, it can be considered in the management of diabetic osteopathy in humans.
Effect of aqueous extract of phaseolus vulgaris l. (red kidney beans) on allo...IJSIT Editor
Aqueous extract of Phaseolus Vulgaris L. (Red Kidney Beans) was investigated for its effects in
alloxan induced-diabetic rats. Twenty four albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups (A-D) of six
rats each such that group A (diabetes control) received 0.5 mL distilled water, group B (diabetes) received
400 mg/kg bwt of extract, group C (normal control) received 0.5 mL of distilled water while group D (normal)
received 400 mg/kg bwt of extract, all extract were orally administered once daily for 14 days. Diabetes was
induced in groups A&B by single interperitonial injection of 150 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate. Phytochemical
screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, balsam, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, cyanogenic glycosides,
terpenes and steroids. The hypoglyceamic potential of Phasoelus vulgaris L. was expressed in diabetes
treated rats. Blood glucose, total protein, albumin and cholesterol levels of the diabetes treated rats and
normal treated rats were not significantly (p>0.05) altered when compared with the control rats. However,
these values were significantly (p<0.05)><0.05)>0.05) effects on PCV and Hb in all groups when compared to the normal control. The study showed that
the aqueous extract of Phasoelus vulgaris L. leaves possess hypoglycaemic, antidiabetic properties and
ameliorating the high levels of marker enzymes observed in diabetes untreated rats.
Moringa is a plantfood of high nutritional value, ecologically and economically beneficial and readily available in the countries hardest hit by the food crisis. http://miracletrees.org/ http://moringatrees.org/
Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Studies of Ethanol Extracts of Annona Muric...Premier Publishers
The study determined the effects of administration of ethanol extracts of Annona muricata leaves (AML) and Fagara zanthoxyloide roots (FZR) on liver and kidney indices in zidovudine (ZDV)-induced Wistar rats. Animals were grouped into five (5); group 1 served as normal control, groups 2-5 were induced with 100g/mlZDV/Kgbw and group 3 treated with 35IU/Kgbw of erythropoietin, group 4 with 4.5g/mlAML/Kgbw and group 5 with 3.8g/mlFZR/Kgbw for six weeks. Serum liver enzymes, other biochemicals (total protein, albumin, globulin, bilirubin, urea and creatinine), organ weights and histological examination were used to assess the impact on the liver and kidney using standard methods. A significant elevation (p≤0.05) in the activities of serum liver enzymes and bilirubin accompanied by a significant decrease (p≤0.05) in the other biochemicals were observed in group 2. Treatment with extracts resulted in a modulation of the induced effects of ZDV causing a significant decrease in the serum liver enzymes, bilirubin and increase in the total protein, albumin and globulin concentrations. Histology of the liver showed altered architecture, blood vessel congestion and necrosis; while the kidneys were hypoplastic with signs of swelling (group 2) which was gradually reverted on treatment with extracts. The study suggests that extracts of AML and FZR may confer some degree of protection to the liver and kidney.
Biochemical and histological changes associated with methanolic leaf extract ...Open Access Research Paper
This study examined the biochemical and histological changes associated with methanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium in acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity in wistar albino rats. The serum liver enzymesALT, AST and ALP decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the test animals treated with 600mg/kg of the leaf extract. Protein concentration increased significantly (p<0.05) in the test animals treated with 600mg/kg of the leaf extract.The effect of the G. latifolium leaf extract seems to be dose dependent on the liver enzymes and protein concentration measured. The results showed that acetaminophen-induced hepatic toxicity in the wistar albino rats as observed in the negative control was reversed with the administration of the leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium (in groups 3, 4 and 5) in the test animals. The histological analysis of the liver showed that the extract had a normalising effect on the effected liver. These results indicate that the leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium exhibits biochemical and histological changes and can be used against some hepatic inflammations.
Hematological and Liver Function of Plasmodium Berghei Positive Wister Treate...ijtsrd
Eradication of malaria in Africa continues to be one of the greatest challenges in the health sector. All the drugs developed thus far have their limitations and are generally expensive. In Africa and Nigeria the use of herbs in treating sicknesses dated as far back as the existence of man and is still in use today by many Nigerians in rural areas. Here we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of ethanolic extract for three of these herbs lemon grass, lime and turmeric used singly and in combination on Plasmodium berghei infected rats. Results reveals that there was an 81.54 reduction in parasite level in groups treated with herbs and an 88.9 reduction in those treated with ACTs. The time frame of this study wasn’t enough to determine if there will be a resurgence in the parasitemia level. Results from the liver function test also reveals that the herbs also reduced the levels of liver enzymes in the serum but the results from the liver histology from the onset shows little or no damage to the liver This helps us to understand that the plasmodium parasites does not cause much damage to the liver cells or requires more time to do so. Hence the study concludes that potent herbs like turmeric, lemon grass and lime although not as effective as ACTs but if harnessed properly can be substituted for ACTs in treating malaria in low income rural areas of Nigeria. Nwaisaac Ikechukwu Samuel | Igbokwe Vincent Ugochukwu | Okonkwo Chukwudi Onyeka | Okpa Precious Nwaka | Nnyaha Anthonia Ekenedilichukwu | Ajeka Prisca "Hematological and Liver Function of Plasmodium Berghei Positive Wister Treated With Herbs and Acts" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46277.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/46277/hematological-and-liver-function-of-plasmodium-berghei-positive-wister-treated-with-herbs-and-acts/nwaisaac-ikechukwu-samuel
Antihyperglycemic Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Mimusops elengi against S...BRNSS Publication Hub
Objective: The present study was hypothesized to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous leaf extract of Mimusops elengi on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals. Materials and Methods: Antidiabetic activity of M. elengi leaf extract at a dosage of 250 mg/kg body weight was evaluated. Results: The activity levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase were significantly elevated in STZ-induced diabetic animals when compared to that of normal animals. After supplemented with aqueous leaf extract of M. elengi, animals group recorded significant lower blood glucose level. Conclusion: The aqueous leaf extract of M. elengi has been potent antidiabetic effect in male albino rat.
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
Changes in Antioxidant Enzymes in Metabolic Syndrome Patients after Consumpti...science journals
Increased oxidative stress has been suggested as an early event in the development of the metabolic syndrome and, as such, might contribute to disease progression.
Dietary Supplementation with Calcium in Healthy Rats Administered with Artemi...IOSR Journals
Reports on the role of calcium on predisposition to cardiovascular disease have been rather inconsistent while studies on its interaction with other medications are ongoing. We therefore investigated the effect of separate and combine administration of calcium supplement with artemisinin-based combination drug on hepatic and serum lipid profile. Thirty two male wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of eight rats each. The control (group A) received normal saline. Group B and D were placed on 10mg/Kg calcium twice daily for four weeks. On the thirtieth day, therapeutic dose of artemisinin-based combination was simultaneously administered to group C and group D twice daily for three days. All the rats were then sacrificed after 12 hours fasting, blood was withdrawn and the liver removed and homogenized in an appropriate buffer. Biochemical analysis showed no significant (p>0.05) variation in hepatic triaacylglycerol in all the treated groups whereas calcium supplementation was observed to induce a significant (p<0.05) reduction in hepatic cholesterol. Significant elevations due to calcium supplementation were also observed in serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol level and atherogenic risk index with a concomitant reduction in serum HDL cholesterol. No significant change was observed in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and serum lipoproteins in all other treatment groups. Our study suggests that calcium supplementation may predispose to cardiovascular disease and that its co administration with ACT may not aggravate nor reduced the predisposition risk.
Zidovudine (AZT) is a nucleoside analog, a reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) and a type of antiretroviral drug used for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. The administration of zidovudine to the wistar albino rats showed an increase in erythrocyte fragility as can be seen from figure 1. There were significant (p<0.05)>0.05) decrease in serum ALP activity, significant (p<0.05) decrease in Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio and NADH methaemoglobin reductase activity. Findings from this study have revealed that zidovudine is hepatotoxic, increases the concentraton of ferric iron in the body thus imparing oxygen transport and also affects the erythrocyte membrane proteins adversely.
Similar to Gongronema Latifolium A Plant with Cardioprotective Potentials (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Gongronema Latifolium A Plant with Cardioprotective Potentials
1. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume: 3 | Issue: 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21431 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 548
Gongronema Latifolium:
A Plant with Cardioprotective Potentials
Justin Atiang Beshel1,2, Favour Nyoh Beshel1,2, Clement Oshie Nku2, Daniel Udofia Owu2
1Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University,
Western Campus, Ishaka – Bushenyi District, Uganda
2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences,
University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria
ABSTRACT
Gongronema latifolium (GL) has gained research interest in the field of Medicine. The present study investigated the
cardioprotective potentials of the ethanolic and ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves extract of G.L. 18 Male Wistar rats were
divided equally into three groups. Group 1 was the control group, and was administered 0.9% normal saline. Group 2 was
administered 200mg/kg ethanolic leaves extract of GL. Group 3 received 200mg/kg ethyl acetate fraction of theleaves extract
of GL. Administration was via oral gavage and lasted for 14 days. The rats were sacrificedunderchloroform anaesthesia. Blood
was collected via cardiac puncture, allowed to clot, and later centrifuged to get serum. Laboratory assays weredonefor serum
concentrations of total cholesterol(Tc),totaltriglycerides (Tg), high densitylipoprotein (HDL-c),lowdensitylipoprotein (LDL),
malondialedyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity(TAC), and total plasma peroxide (TPP). The heart, aorta, and kidneys were
also harvested for organ weight and histological studies. Administration of GLextracts resultedin an increase(p<0.001) serum
concentrations of HDL-c and TAC, with a consequent reduction in the serum concentrations of Tg, LDL-c, VLDL,MDA,andTPP.
There was no significant (p<0.01) change in organ weights of the heart, aorta, and kidneys across the groups. Histology of the
blood vessels showed intact layers across the groups. There was no derangement of cellular architecture in the heart and
kidney. This study therefore concludes that Gongronema latifolium leaves extract is cardioprotective, and thusprovides abasis
for the use of this plant as an alternative for the prevention, management or control of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: Cardioprotection, Gongronema latifolium, Cardiovascular diseases
INTRODUCTION
Protection of the heart and associated blood vessels has
become a topical issue in the prevention of cardiovascular
diseases (CVD). 17.7 million People die of CVD every year
(WHO, 2017). In America, it is listed as the number one
cause of death, and accounts for about 801,000 deaths
annually (AHA, 2017). In Nigeria, current evidence suggests
that 3 out of every five persons suffer from one form of
cardiovascular disease or the other (). This trend projects
CVD as a global menace and a major public health challenge
in both developed and developing countries.
To curb this danger, WHO (2013) adopted a mechanism
tagged “Global action plan for the prevention and control of
Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) 2013-2020”. This plan
aims to reduce the mortality rate from NCDs by 25% by
2025 with a major focus on the prevention and control of
CVD. Despite the World acclaimed effort, unfortunately, CVD
remains inadequately managed with orthodox drugs
(Nwokocha et al., 2012).
Thus, many persons all over the world still resort to
traditional form of medication in cardiovascular disorders.
In a survey, 1,576 out of 9,566 respondents reportedtheuse
of traditional or alternative medicine for the past 12 months
(UnÜtzer et al., 2012). In spite of the importation of Western
medication, many Nigerians stilluseherbalremedies sinceit
is strongly believed to be effective and affordable. There is a
present shift by WHO and AU towards the integration of
herbal medicine in the national health plan, and a renewed
interest on the search for drugs from natural products and
herbs as an alternative to the orthodox (Kumar et al., 2017).
Low intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with high
mortality from CVD (Moller and Kaufman, 2005; Zimmet et
al., 2005). Ramaraj and Chellapa (2008), in their study also
posited that diets rich in fruits and vegetables protect
against CVD. Nutraceuticals in the form of antioxidants,
dietary fibres, omega-3polyunsaturatedfattyacids, vitamins
and minerals also play a preventive and curative role in CVD
(Choudhary and Tomer, 2013).
One of such plants used as a nutraceutical, with rich
antioxidant properties is Gongronema latifolium.
Gongronema latifolium Benth. (family Apocynaceae) is a
tropical plant with proven medicinalproperties(Ugochukwu
and Babady, 2002; Morebise, 2015). Its common names are
‘amaranth globe’, in Nigeria, ‘Utazi’, ‘Utasi’ and ‘Arokeke’ or
‘Madumaru’ by the Ibos, Ibibios and Yorubas, respectively.
Gongronema latifolium is widely explored in the traditional
folk medicine for various health conditions including
hypertension (Morebise et al., 2002, Ugochukwu and
Babady, 2002; Ugochukwu et al., 2003). It is used for the
management of diabetes, diarrhea, ulcer and dyspepsia
(Morebise et al., 2002, Ugochukwu et al., 2003). It has
hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect, reduces oxidative
stress and lipid peroxidation (Ugochukwu andBabady, 2002;
Ugochukwu and Cobourne, 2003). It possesses antiulcer
activity (Owu et al., 2012) and increases white blood cells
count and hemoglobin concentration (Antai et al., 2009). G.
latifolium has anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, and anti-
microbial activities (Morebise et al., 2002; Osuala et al.,
2005; Akuodor et al., 2010).
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Reference Paper ID – IJTSRD21431 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 2 | Jan-Feb 2019 Page: 549
Phytochemical present in the leaves are alkaloids, saponins,
flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides (Morebise et al., 2002;
Atangwho et al., 2003; Schnieder et al., 2003; Eleyinmi and
Bresseler, 2007); also polyphenols and reducing sugars
(Antai et al., 2009).
Despite its folkloric use in blood pressure reduction, thereis
no scientific report validating its use in the prevention or
treatment of CVD. This study therefore investigated the
cardioprotective potentials of this plant. This is with a view
to providing a scientific justification or otherwise for the
possible use of this plant in the prevention, management or
control of CVD.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Experimental animals/Design
Male Wistar rats (200- 250 g, n=18) were used for the study.
They were divided into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1
served as the normal control placed on normal saline. Group
2 was administered 200mg/kg of ethanol extract, group 3
received 200mg/kg ethyl acetate fraction. Administration
was via oral gavage, and lasted for two weeks. Approval was
sought and consent granted by the Faculty of Basic Medical
sciences Animal Research Ethics Committee, University of
Calabar with Approval No: 019PY20317. The animals were
kept in plastic cages and controlled environment (12h
light/dark cycles at 27 ± 2°C) one week for acclimatization
before commencement of the study. The rats had freeaccess
to normal rat chow and tap water ad libitum.
Plant material and extraction
Gongronema latifolium leaves were bought from a local
market in Calabar, Nigeria. A voucher specimen was
identified at the herbarium unit of the DepartmentofBotany
and deposited (GLB 4612) in theherbarium of theUniversity
of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria. The leaves were washed with
clean water and air-dried under shade. The dry leaves were
ground into coarse powder. To prepare ethanolextract,1.65
Kg of the powdered leaves was suspended in two litres of
ethanol (BDH Ltd Poole, England) and lefttopercolatefor24
hours at room temperature. The suspension was thereafter
filtered with Whattman No. I filter paper. The filtrate was
evaporated by hot air oven treatment at 40-45 ᵒC to a thick
dark gummy crude extract giving a yield of 66g (4.8%). For
ethyl acetate fraction, 5g of the ethanol extract was inserted
into a mortar with warm distilled water, then stirred toform
a suspension, and transferred into a separating funnel. The
suspension was added 200ml of ethyl acetate and shaken to
form two layers. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction was
filtered over Whatmann No. 1 filter paper. The filtrate was
also evaporated following same procedures for the ethanol
extract. The extracts were refrigerated at -4oC untilrequired
for use.
Estimation of Cardioprotective Activity of GL
At the end of the feeding period, the rats were fasted for 12
hours, and then sacrificed under chloroform anaesthesia.
Blood was collected via cardiac puncture into sterile plain
tubes, and allowed to clot at room temperature over one
hour period. The blood was centrifuged at 400rpm for 10
minutes. Serum was collected into clean sample bottles for
biochemical assays. Cardioprotective activity was evaluated
by assessing some biochemical biomarkers related to the
functionality of the heart such as Total cholesterol (Tc)
[Siedel et al., 1983], Total triglycerides (Tg) [Sullivan et al.,
1985], High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-c), Low Density
Lipoprotein (LDL-c) [Friedewald et al., 1992],
Malondialdehyde (MDA) [Ohkawa et al., 1979], Total
Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) [Frei, 1992]., and Total Plasma
Peroxide (TPP). All analysis was performed using
commercially available kits based on the references and
Manufacturer’s instructions using analyzer.
Histological Studies
After sacrifice, the heart, kidneys and aorta were harvested,
washed in normal saline, and fixed in 10% formalin for 24
hours. The organs were later transferred to 250mls of 70%
alcohol, 95% alcohol, and absolute alcohol to dehydrate the
tissues. Equal ratio of xylene and alcohol (100mls for each)
was introduced to the organs as the final step for
dehydration. The organs were cleared with100mlsof xylene
for 2 hours, and then impregnated in molten paraffin wax at
a constant temperature of 500c for 2 hours. At the
embedding stage, the organs were buried in pure paraffin
wax to prepare them for sectioning. The molten paraffin was
poured into an embedding mould and the organs immersed
in it until the molten wax dried, and then the block was
removed from the mold. The tissue blocks were then
mounted on wooden blocks with the help of molten paraffin
wax as an adhering media. The tissues were then sectioned
at 5 μm to produce thin ribbons. They were then floated on
40% alcohol briefly, and hot water bath at 48oc. The tissues
were then mounted on slides already rubbed with egg
albumen, and allowed to dry.
The sections were dewaxed using xylene, and rehydrated by
passing them through columns of alcohol (absolute alcohol,
95% alcohol, and 75% alcohol) for two minutes each. They
were then rinsed with water, and stained with haemotoxylin
for 15 minutes. They were later rinsed, passed through acid
alcohol, and immersed in eosin for 5 minutes. The sections
were again dehydrated graded doses of alcohol arranged in
ascending order. They were cleared in xylene, and mounted
with Canada balsam. The H&E stained sections were
protected from scratches, and preserved for future use.
Electron micrographs were performed using electron
microscope, and photographed by photomicrography. The
sections were then viewed under the Nikon Microscope,
ECLIPSE E400, and model 115, Japan.
Organ Weight Studies
In another batch, the heart and kidneys were harvested and
weigh using a digital weighing balance for rodents (BIOPAL
Inc, Canada).
Statistical Analysis
The results are presented as mean ± standard error of the
mean. Data were analyzed using GraphPad prism software
version 6.00 for Windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego,
CA, USA). One-way analysis of variance with Turkey’s post-
test was performed, and probability level of p<0.05 was
considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on serum total cholesterol
The mean serum total cholesterol in the control, GL, and
ethyl acetate fraction groups was 1.84 ± 0.02mmol/L, 1.38 ±
0.03mmol/L, and 1.92 ± 0.02mmol/L respectively. There
was a significant (p<0.01) decrease serum total cholesterol
in the GL treated group when compared withthecontroland
ethyl acetate fraction groups. This is presented in Figure 1.
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Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on serum triglyceride level
The serum triglyceride level in the control, GL, and ethyl
acetate fraction groups was 0.83 ± 0.01mmol/L, 0.59 ±
0.01mmol/L, and 0.86 ± 0.001mmol/L respectively. The
result showed a decrease (p<0.01) in triglyceridelevelin the
group administered GL compared with the control and ethyl
acetate fraction groups. This is presented in Figure 2.
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol
HDL-c level in the control, GL, and ethyl acetate fraction
groups was 0.46 ± 0.002mmol/L, 0.48 ± 0.008mmol/L, and
0.49 ± 0.003mmol/L respectively. The result showed a
significant (p<0.01) increase level of HDL-c in the GL treated
groups compared with the control. This is presented in
Figure 3.
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on serum LDL-c
The LDL-c levels in the control, GL, and ethyl acetatefraction
groups were 0.75 ± 0.006mmol/L, 0.73 ± 0.0004mmol/L,
and 0.72 ± 0.0004mmol/L respectively. The result showed
decrease (p<0.05) levels of LDL-c in the GL treated groups
compared with the control. This is presented in Figure 4.
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on VLDL-c
VLDL-c level in the control, GL, and ethyl acetate fraction
groups was 0.75 ± 0.006mmol/L, 0.73 ± 0.004mmol/L, and
0.76 ± 0.004mmol/L respectively. The result presented a
decreased (p<0.01) level of VLDL-c in the group
administered GL compared with the control and ethyl
acetate fraction groups. This is presented in Figure 5.
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels
The serum MDA level in the control, GL, and ethyl acetate
fraction groups was 0.42 ± 0.01nmol/L, 0.31 ± 0.01nmol/L,
and 0.26 ± 0.01nmol/L respectively. The result showed
decrease levels of MDA (p<0.01) in the extract treated
groups compared with the control. This is presented in
Figure 6.
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on total antioxidant capacity (TAC)
TAC values for the control, GL, and ethyl acetate fraction
groups were 5.0 ± 0.1µmol/L, 6.4 ± 0.2µmol/L, and 8.0 ±
0.2µmol/L respectively. The extract treated groups had
significant (p<0.01) higher total antioxidant capacity when
compared with the control. This is presented in Figure 7.
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on total plasma peroxide (TPP)
TPP in the control, GL, and ethyl acetate fraction groups was
85.0 ± 1.5µmol/L, 70 ± 1.4µmol/L, and 44 ± 2.5µmol/L
respectively. The extract treated groupsshowedasignificant
(p<0.01) decrease levels of TPP in comparison with the
control group. This is presented in Figure 8.
Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL
on Heart and Kidney weights
The weight of the heart for the control, GL, and ethyl acetate
fraction groups were 0.0032 ± 0.0001g, 0.0033 ± 0.0001g,
and 0.0031 ± 0.0001g respectively; and organ weight of the
kidney across the groups were 0.0063 ± 0.0001g, 0.0065 ±
0.0003g and 0.0067 ± 0.0001g respectively. Result showed
no statistical difference in weight of the organs across the
groups. This is presented in Figures 9 and 10.
Photomicrographs of the heart, kidney, and aorta
treated with ethanol extract and ethylacetatefraction of
GL
Plates 1A, 1B, and 1C present the photomicrograph of the
heart in the control, GL ethanol extract, and ethyl acetate
fraction groups respectively. The photomicrographs show
intact cardiac myocytes in all the groups. The myocytes
contain central ovoid nuclei with a clear zone at the poles.
There are interdigitation of themusclefibres andthinwalled
blood vessels. Thus GL extract and its ethyl acetate fraction
has no deleterious effect on the cardiac muscle.
Plates 2A, 2B, and 2C present the photomicrograph of the
kidney in the control, ethanol extract, and ethyl acetate
fraction groups respectively. The photomicrographs across
the groups show kidneys with prominent glomeruli and
renal tubules. There are intact bowman spaces lined by
flattened epithelial cells. The renal tubules have intact
basement membrane and epithelium. They are lined by
columnar to cuboidal epithelium with intact lumen. The
intervening interstitia have congested blood vessels.
Consumption of GL extracts therefore does not result in any
renal impairment.
Plates 3A, 3B, and 3C present the photomicrograph of the
aorta in the control, ethanol extract, and ethyl acetate
fraction groups respectively. The photomicrographs across
the groups show intact layers comprising the outer tunica
adventitia with collagenous fibres, blood vessels and
fibroblast. The intermediate tunica adventitia is thick and
consists of regular arranged bundles of collagenous fibres
with attached fibroblast. The tunica intima consists of intact
simple endothelium overlying thin lamina propria.
DISCUSSION
The present study investigated the cardioprotective
potentials of Gongronema latifolium leaves extract on
normotensive Wistar rats. G. latifolium administration
resulted in a decrease serum concentration of total
cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides, very low
density lipoprotein, and an increase in the serum
concentration of high density lipoprotein. Abnormal lipid
metabolism is a major pathogenic factor for various
cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol for many years is
reported to have a direct relationship with cardiovascular
prognosis. An increase by 1% in total cholesterol, results in
2-3% increase in coronary heart disease (Carlson, Bottiger
and Ahfeldt, 1979). Recent studies have shown that total
cholesterol increase by 10% results in coronary-related
mortality risk of about 38% (Law, Wald and Thompson,
1994). LDL on the other hand, is emphasized to be highly
implicated in coronary heart disease (ILIB, 2003) and forms
a discriminating criterion for cardiovascular risk.
Reports also showcase a relationship between LDH-
cholesterol and triglycerides, indicating that in men, there is
a 13% increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease, while
women have a 37% increase risk, all resulting from
increased levels of triglycerides (Criqui, et al., 1993;
Hokanson and Austin, 1996; Assman, Schulte and
Eckardstein, 1996).
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On the contrary, HDL-cholesterolhas an inverserelationship
with the risk of coronary heart disease. There is a 2-3%
decrease in the risk of cardiovascular disease for every
1mg/dl elevation of HDL-Cholesterol (Gordon et al., 1989).
HDL-cholesterolis involved in cholesterolreversaltransport,
possesses anti-inflammatory capacity and protects against
LDL-cholesterol oxidation (Ansell et al., 2004). When the
levels of HDL-cholesterol are low, the risk of cardiovascular
diseases becomes prominent (Cui, et al., 2001).
Administration of Gongronema latifolium leaves extract also
resulted in decrease serum concentrations of MDA, andtotal
plasma peroxide, but caused an increase in the serum
concentrations of total antioxidant capacity. This index
points to the cardioprotective potentials of G.latifoliumasan
antioxidant, with abilities to mob up free radicals.Evidence
abounds that abnormal production of ROS results in a
cascade of cardiovascular disorders like cancer, coronary
heart disorders, neurological disorders, and also involved in
the process leading to physiological ageing (Pacher and
Szabo, 2008; Vassalle et al., 2008).
Endothelial dysfunction due to a disruption in its vascular
wall microenvironment is a principal concept of
cardiovascular disease pathogenesis mediated by free
radicals. The endothelium is a major part of the vasculature.
It is responsible for the vascular tone regulation,
inflammation, thrombosis, platelet activity, and
atherosclerosis. The endothelial tone of the vasculature is a
responsibility of substances likethe endothelins,nitricoxide,
endothelium-derived relaxation factor, and prostacyclins
(Zorio et al., 2008). Reduction in nitric oxide bioavailability
results in endothelial dysfunction, leading to paradoxical
vasoconstriction (Zeiher et al., 1991). It is observed that
persons with atherosclerosis and coronary arterydisease, or
those at risk for both coronary and peripheral vascular
disease, have endothelial dysfunction (Schachinger, 1996).
Studies have also shown that in renovascular hypertension,
essential hypertension, pre-eclampsia and malignant
hypertension, there is increased ROS production (Higashi et
al., 2002; Lip et al., 2002; Zheng et al., 2003; Lee et al.,
2003). Reactive oxygen species activities result in a direct
cardiac injury due to oxidation of cellular constituents,
diminishing NO bioactivity, and disruption of proteins
critical for excitation-contraction coupling (Wilson et al.,
2002).
Our previous results are also supported by the results of the
histology of the aorta, heart and kidney. The blood vessel
showed intact layers across the groups. There was no
derangement of cellular architecturein theheartand kidney.
The organ weights presented no changes across the groups.
Thus, treatment with GL preserved these major organs that
regulate the cardiovascular system.
CONCLUSION
Our study suggests that G. latifolium leaves extract is
cardioprotective. This is due to its ability to raise the serum
concentrations of HDL-c and TAC, with a consequent
decrease in the levels of LDL-c, TC, TG, TPP, and MDA. It also
maintained the blood vessel integrity, cardiac muscles and
renal structures, thus, resulting in the preservation of the
cardiovascular system. This study thereforeprovides abasis
for the use of this plant as an alternative in the prevention,
management, or control of cardiovascular diseases.
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Ikpi, D. E.and Osim, E. E. (2012). Effect of Gongronema
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[12] Osuala, F. O., Anyadoh, S. O., and Nnoli, M. C. (2005).
Antibacterial activities of two local medicinal plants,
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RESULTS
**= P<0.01 compared with control; ++= p<0.01 compared with ethyl acetate fraction, n = 6
Fig 1: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on serum total cholesterol
* *= P<0.01 compared with control; ++= p<0.01 compared with ethyl acetate fraction, n = 6
Fig 2: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on serum triglyceride levels
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* *= P<0.01 compared with control, n = 6
Fig 3: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol
* *= P<0.01 compared with control, n = 6
Fig 4: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on serum LDL-c
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* *= P<0.01 compared with control; ++= p<0.01 compared with ethyl acetate fraction, n = 6
Fig 5: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on serum VLDL-c
**= P<0.01 compared with control; ++= p<0.01 compared with GL, n = 6
Fig 6: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on serum malondialdehyde
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* *= P<0.01 compared with control; ++= p<0.01 compared with GL, n = 6
Fig 7: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on total antioxidant capacity
* *= P<0.01 compared with control; ++= p<0.01 compared with GL, n = 6
Fig 8: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on total plasma peroxide
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n= 6
Fig 9: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on the weight of the heart
n = 6
Fig 10: Effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of GL on the weight of the kidney
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Kidney
1A: Control X400
1B: GL whole extract treated X400
1C: Ethyl acetate fraction treated X400
Sections of cardiac muscles with intact cardiac myocytes
separated by fibrous bands.Theindividualmyocytes contain
central ovoid nuclei with a clear zone at the poles. There are
interdigitation of the muscle fibres and thin walled blood
vessels.
MF=MUSCLE FIBRES, N=NUCLEUS, ID=INTERCALATED
DISC BV=BLOOD VESSEL
Plate 1: Photomicrographs of a cross section of the
heart in the control, whole and ethyl acetate fraction
of GL.
2A: Control X400
2B: Ethyl acetate fraction treated X400
2C: GL whole extract treated X400
Sections of the kidney show prominent glomeruli and renal
tubules. The glomeruli have acellular mesangium composed
of mesangial cells and arterioles with intact bowman spaces
lined by flattened epithelial cells. The renal tubules are
prominent with intact basement membrane and epithelium.
They are lined by columnar to cuboidal epithelium with
intact lumen. The intervening interstitium has congested
blood vessels.
RT=Renal Tubules, MS=Mesangium, BS=Bowman Space,
GL=Glomerulli, BV=Blood Vessel
Plate 2: Photomicrographs of a cross section of the
kidney in the control, ethanol extract and ethyl acetate
fraction of GL
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3A: Control X400
3B: Ethyl acetate fraction treated X400
3C: GL whole extract treated X400
Section of the aorta shows intact layers comprising of outer
tunica adventitia consisting of collagenous fibres, blood
vessels and fibroblast. The intermediate tunica adventitia is
thick and consists of regular arranged bundles of
collagenous fibres with attached fibroblast. The tunica
intima consists of intact simple endothelium overlying thin
lamina propria.
TM=Tunica Media, TA=Tunica Adventitia, TI=Tunica
Intima
Plate 3: Photomicrographs of a cross section of the
aorta in the control, ethanol extract and ethyl acetate
fraction of GL.