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Goddard 2015: Joe Cassady, Aerojet Rocketdyne

The document discusses community workshops on affordable and sustainable human exploration of Mars. It provides context for why Mars plans often "gather dust" due to high projected costs. The workshops aimed to show Mars missions could be affordable by involving stakeholders and reviewing independent design studies. Key consensus elements from the workshops included a "split mission" concept using SLS, Orion, and high-power solar electric propulsion. Priority recommendations included developing a deep-space habitation facility as a bridge between ISS and Mars, demonstrating key technologies like entry, descent and landing with a heavy robotic lander and Mars sample return mission, and closer collaboration between scientists and engineers.

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The Community Workshops on the Affordable and Sustainable Human Exploration of Mars Joe Cassady Executive Director, Space Aerojet Rocketdyne The Goddard Memorial Symposium 12 March 2015 1
Why Do Mars Plans Gather Dust? • Sticker shock!!! (dates back to the 1960’s) • Attempt to extend Earth-dependent architectures to Mars • Reliance on technology breakthroughs • Assumption of reduced launch costs • Inability to sustain over multi-decade execution
Why “Affording Mars” Workshops? • Many critics like to casually cite very large numbers: “trillion dollar Mars mission” – US policy has shied away from Mars in part because of the perception of very high cost – Multiple independent design studies – albeit preliminary – support the affordability of initial human missions to Mars • Significant involvement by broad community of stakeholders will be critical for successful Mars exploration – Significant background reading, planning, and briefings – Participants intended to be representative of stakeholder communities 3
“Affording Mars” Workshops (AM I & II) 4 Formal reports available at http://www.exploremars.org/ 2013 at the George Washington University 2014 at Caltech
Consensus Architecture Elements from Scenario and Architecture Group “Split Mission” Concept Enabled by SLS-class Heavy Lift, Orion MPCV, Atmospheric Decelerator, and High-Power SEP (Graphics: Boeing, Lockheed-Martin, NASA, Aerojet Rocketdyne)
Priority Consensus Recommendations For the 2020s: A Habitation Facility “Bridge” Between ISS and the Capability to Travel to Mars Deep-space habitation facilities for the 2020s using ISS-based designs and components. (Courtesy: Lockheed Martin (left image), The Boeing Corporation (right image)) 6
Priority Consensus Recommendations A Heavy Robotic Lander as an EDL Precursor 7 Mars Sample Return as a Heavy Lander to Demonstrate EDL and ISRU Technologies. (Courtesy: ESA (top left image), NASA and JPL (lower left and right image)
Priority Consensus Recommendations Closer Collaboration Between Scientists, Engineers, and Architects 8 Scientific discovery will be a major element of human Mars exploration, which will require active participation by scientists from the start. (Courtesy: NASA and JPL; H. Thronson)
Priority Consensus Recommendations Summary Additional Recommendations 9 • Initial human missions to the surface of Mars should include elements necessary for eventual establishment of sustainable surface outposts broadly analogous to the initial phases of science-guided Antarctic exploration on Earth. • The workshop concluded that a robotic sample return mission may be required to learn how to protect against forward and backward contamination before humans land on Mars • Human missions to Mars orbit or the martian moons may be essential for risk reduction as immediate precursors to surface missions • Human operations on the lunar surface, including landing, mobility, power, and environmental control and life support systems (ECLSS), are not required in advance of initial human Mars missions
Most Important: Tell The Story 10
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