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Gmo why not
- 1. GMOs Why not? Presented by: Bui Thi Van Nguyen Thi Van Huong Nguyen Quoc Huy Vu Kim Dung
- 2. 2 CONTENTS 1 2 BENIFITS OF USINGGMOs 3 ANSWER FOR PEOPLE’S CONCERNS OVERVIEW
- 3. A genetically modifiedorganisms (GMOs) is in a way that does not occur by mating and/or natural recombination 3
- 4. 4 Figure 1. Currentlygrown GM crops in the U.S., traits for which they are modified, and percent of total acreage of the crop that is planted to GM varieties IR=insect resistant, HT=herbicide tolerant, DT=drought tolerant, VR=virus resistant.
- 5. - 1973, firstGMOs creation - 1994, first GMO foods in stores: tomatoes - 2005, GMO alfalfa and sugar beet was sold - 2011, GMO corn, soy, cotton...: FDA approve - 2015, first GMO animals: salmon - 2017, GMO apple: FDA approve Spotlight
- 6. 6 Figure. Global areaof genetically modified (GM) crops in millions of hectares 1996–2015 (Source: James, 2015)
- 7. 7 US GMO CropsAvailable Commercially Cotton (88%) Canola (90%) Sugar beet (95%) Corn (88%) Soy (94%) Papaya (988acres)
- 9. 9 What are thebenefits of GMOs? •Agriculture •Environment •Human health
- 10. 10 1. Improving thequantity and quality of agricultural production • Breeding with increased yield (although the significantly rise of global population and climate change) Figure: Overall Effects of Farming with GM Crops (Klumper and Qaim, 2013) Benefits of using GMOs in agriculture
- 11. 11 1. Improving thequantity and quality of agricultural production • Improve nutritional quality Golden rice GM potatoes with more protein GM bananas with increased carotenoids, iron Benefits of using GMOs in agriculture
- 12. 12 2. Improving plantadaptation to unfavorable environments (high soil salinity, drought, nutrition - poor soil …) Drought resistant plant Salt resistant plant Benefits of using GMOs in environment
- 13. 13 1. Reduction inpesticide usage GM crops could be beneficial to developing countries Benefits of using GMOs in environment
- 14. 14 2. Conservation soiland water quality Benefits of using GMOs in environment
- 15. 15 15 2. Conservation soiland water quality Benefits of using GMOs in environment
- 16. 16 3. Improve airquality Benefits of using GMOs in environment
- 17. 17 Benefits of usingGMOs in environment
- 18. 18 4. Using GMOsfor bioremediation The use of organisms to degrade waste materials into less toxic or nontoxic material in the environment GMOs can be used to clean up industrial or general waste such as sewage, pesticides, heavy metals, and nuclear waste Benefits of using GMOs in environment
- 19. 19 The mechanism ofusing GM plants for environmental treatment
- 20. BENEFITS OF USINGGMOS IN HUMAN HEALTH Producing edible vaccines or medicine in milk, eggs or fruit to facilitate distribution of therapeutic 20 Producing functional food or nutraceuticals with added traits that could make them beneficial for health or for preventing diseases Pharmaceutical production in more sustainable ways or facilitated drug delivery
- 21. 21 Benefits of usingGMOs in human health The edible vaccine reduces the fear of vaccination The HBV oral vaccine (anti-hepatitis) Producing edible vaccines or medicine in milk, eggs or fruit to facilitate distribution of therapeutic
- 22. 22 (Sayed (2020). Anedible vaccine development for coronavirus disease 2019: the concept, Clinical experimental vaccine research, 9:164-168) Benefits of using GMOs in human health Producing edible vaccines or medicine in milk, eggs or fruit to facilitate distribution of therapeutic
- 23. 23 Producing functional foodor nutraceuticals with added traits that could make them beneficial for health or for preventing diseases GM Tomatoes with increased lycopene (an antioxidant, which is a useful agent in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, liver and heart disease…) Benefits of using GMOs in human health
- 24. 24 Some conventional varietiesof crops can have grave health problems Ex: Cassava also have dangerously high levels of hydrocyanic acid. Poisoning (symptoms: headache, dizziness, fast heart rate, shortness of breath, and vomiting) Cassava - the main food of the African Benefits of using GMOs in human health Producing functional food or nutraceuticals with added traits that could make them beneficial for health or for preventing diseases GM crops could reduce the levels of undesirable substances
- 25. 25 Benefits of usingGMOs in human health Producing functional food or nutraceuticals with added traits that could make them beneficial for health or for preventing diseases
- 26. 26 Pharmaceutical production inmore sustainable ways or facilitated drug delivery Benefits of using GMOs in human health To help drugs are delivered to desired tissues, organs, cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers.
- 27. Why people againstGMOs?
- 28. 1. Allergy A newallergen or cause an allergic reaction in human. Customer concerns about using GMOs 2. Antibiotic resistance Overuse of these antibiotic resistant genes can cause the development of antibiotic resistance in humans or animals.
- 29. 3. Transgene escape Modifiedcrop could “escape” and cross with wild plants, with unknown consequences. Customer concerns about using GMOs Genetic modifications corn can find their way into the natural environment by way of an intermediate hybrid
- 30. 30 The answer: Currently,there was no persuasive evidence that GM foods have caused health or environmental problems. GMOs are safe.
- 32. 32 The answer: Economicbenefits to farmers and governments
- 33. 33 Sollutions Planting GMcrops in controlled areas or greenhouses Labeling and traceability of GMOs.
- 34. 34 Labeling of geneticallymodified foods. As of 2015, 64 countries require labeling of GMO products in the marketplace In Vietnam: From 2016, prepackaged GM foods traded in Vietnam must be labeled. (least one GM ingredient making up over 5% of their total ingredients)
- 35. CONCLUSIONS 1. Genetically modifiedfoods have the potential to solve the problems of hunger and malnutrition of the world. 2. Help protect and preserve the environment by increasing yield and reducing reliance upon chemical. 3. GMOs are safe and will become more necessary
Editor's Notes
- #5 In the last 25 years, GM crop production has experienced over 100-fold increase. Currently, farmers cultivate approximately 190 million hectares of biotech crops, which is approximately equivalent to the entire surface area of Mexico (ISAAA, 2020b). 26 countries grew around 190 million hectares of biotech crops, almost equally split between 21 developing countries and five industrial countries. Industrial countries include the United States, Canada, Australia, Spain, and Portugal, growing ∼46% of the of the total biotech crops. Of the ∼54% grown by developing countries, Brazil, Argentina, and India are amongst the top five countries with the largest area of biotech crop cultivation (ISAAA, 2018, 2020b).
- #8 Apples (newly approved, not brown in storage) Potatoes (newly approved) Corn - (approx. 88% of U.S. crop in 2011) Canola - (approx. 90% of U.S. crop) Alfalfa - (first planting 2011) Soy - (approx. 94% of U.S. crop in 2011) Papaya - (most of Hawaiian crop; approximately 988 acres) Cotton - (approx. 90% of U.S. crop in 2011) Sugar Beets - (approx. 95% of U.S. crop in 2010) Sweet Corn Zucchini and Yellow Summer Squash - (approx. 25,000 acres). And coming soon: Salmon (newly approved, not yet commercially available)
- #11 - Climate change may mean that the crops we depend on now may no longer be suited to the areas where they are currently cultivated and may increasingly be threatened by droughts, floods and the spread of plant diseases due to altered weather patterns. So feeding everyone in the coming decades will be a challenge – can genetically modified crops help us achieve this ? - GM soybeans, maize, and cotton were associated with a 22% overall increase in yield, and 68% increase in farmer profits.
- #12 Crops are not just being genetically modified to improve their quantity but also their nutritional quality. The most prominent of these is “golden rice”. Other “biofortified” crops in development include potatoes with more protein and bananas with increased carotenoids and iron.
- #13 GM technology has also been used to generate crops that are tailored to particular environments, e.g., drought resistant varieties or crops that are tolerant of high soil salinity. GM crops may offer solutions to very specific climatic conditions prevalent in developing countries and allow for more effective control of pests and fungal infections. For example, African climates vary so considerably that it is a real challenge to breed varieties that will grow from region to region, and the ability to design crops suited to particular regional climatic and environmental conditions could be beneficial to developing countries
- #14 One of the significant environmental benefits of GM crops is the dramatic reduction in pesticide use, with the size of the reduction varying between crops and introduced trait. A study assessing the global economic and environmental impacts of biotech crops for the first twenty one years (1996-2016) of adoption showed that the technology has reduced pesticide spraying by 37 percent and has reduced environmental footprint associated with pesticide use by 18.4%. The technology has also significantly reduced the release of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture equivalent to removing 16.75 million cars from the roads.
- #15 The adoption of GM crops increase soil and water quality, because it has fewer adverse environmental impacts due to conservation tillage. It increased nutrient –rich matter and preserved topsoil, less erosion and healthier soil.
- #16 In addition, GMOs can help preserve water because of reducing impact of drought on crops and cleaner waterways.
- #17 GMO have reduced greenhouse gas emissions on farms globally and can help farmers adapt to and mitigate climate change.
- #18 Here is the video about the Benefits of using GMOs in environment
- #19 The use of organisms to degrade waste materials into less toxic or nontoxic material in the environment. Naturally occurring organisms (e.g., bacteria, yeast, fungi) can be used as bioremeditors to clean up industrial or general waste such as sewage, pesticides, heavy metals, and nuclear waste. It has been suggested that genetic modification of such organisms can increase the effectiveness of bioremediation (10). Techniques of phytoremediation, the use of living plants to absorb toxic waste, also show substantial promise (21). For example, the yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) has been genetically modified to express bacterial mercuric reductase, which allows the poplar to grow in normally toxic levels of ionic mercury, which the modified poplar converts to the much less toxic elemental form of mercury up to 12 times faster than poplars that have not been genetically modified.
- #20 The picture describes the mechanism of using plants for environmental treatment.
- #21 Good morning everyone., My name is Van Huong. So, I will explain Why you need to using GMO products. Let begin with the first
- #22 Children are afraid of being vaccinated so it would be much better if there were an edible vaccine product because reduces the fear of vaccination among children. The development of an edible vaccine in a selected plant system has many significant advantages such as; easy and efficient oral delivery, low cost with higher scale production, avoidance of any trained medical personnel for delivery, lack of any pathogenic infection, multicomponent expression in a single plant, and so forth.
- #23 This table shows you about the summarized the current status of plant-based vaccine and their clinical evaluation. It is quoted from Sayed (2020).
- #24 Let’s turn to the next issue. That is. This graph shows you about An example of nutraceuticals can be tomatoes with increased lycopene (an antioxidant, which is a useful agent in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer and heart disease) content
- #26 In this research they Create transgenic Cassava to reduce cyanogen toxicity in foods. In addition, The complete removal of cyanogens in transgenic cassava plants could make them palatable for animals and human.
- #27 Drug delivery systems (DDS) are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to desired tissues, organs, cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers. Its usual purpose to improve the pharmacological activities of therapeutic drugs and to overcome problems such as limited solubility, drug aggregation, low bioavailability, poor biodistribution, lack of selectivity, or to reduce the side effects of therapeutic drugs. The advantages of PNs over traditional drug carriers have led to increased interest in PNs in the fields of pharmaceutics and nanomedicine (Fig.). Anti-cancer and antiviral drugs are commonly used parent drugs for PN design. For example, the anti-cancer prodrugs paclitaxel and gemcitabine have been widely studied due to their higher efficiency, stimuli-responsive drug release and enhanced therapeutic efficiency. Clinically used prodrugs occupy about 5% -7% of the drugs approved worldwide. Well, I’ve covered the points that I needed to present today. Mr Huy ưill
- #29 They afraid that the usage GM food can cause allergy There is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in human. During genetic modification, Scientists often add antibiotic resistant genes so that the GM plants and cells can be distinguished from non-GM ones Overuse of these antibiotic resistant genes can cause the development of antibiotic resistance in humans or animals.
- #30 They afraid that the usage GM food can cause allergy There is a possibility that introducing a gene into a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in human. During genetic modification, Scientists often add antibiotic resistant genes so that the GM plants and cells can be distinguished from non-GM ones Overuse of these antibiotic resistant genes can cause the development of antibiotic resistance in humans or animals.
- #31 Foods derived from GM crops have been consumed by hundreds of millions of people across the world for more than 30 years, with no reported ill effects (or legal cases related to human health), GM plants undergo extensive safety testing prior to commercialization.
- #33 Besides the health and environmental benefits of using GMOs, it also brings economic benefits to farmers and helps the country develop, especially for poor countries. GM crops are allowing farmers to grow more without using additional land. Crop biotechnology continues to be a good investment for farmers around the world. The cost farmers paid for accessing crop biotechnology in 2014 ($6.9 billion payable to the seed supply chain) was equal to 28 percent of the total gains ($24.6 billion). Globally, farmers received an average of $3.59 for each dollar invested in GM crop seeds.
- #34 To ensure the safety of consumers, some countries have regulations on safety issues, labeling and traceability of GMOs
- #35 One of the popular laws is Labeling of genetically modified foods. The main argument for GM foods labeling is that consumers have the right to know what they are eating. As of 2015, 64 countries require labeling of GMO products in the marketplace In Vietnam: From 2016, prepackaged GM foods traded in Vietnam must be labeled. Includes products containing at least one GM ingredient making up over 5% of their total ingredients.