This document discusses the concept of globalization. It defines globalization as the widening, deepening, and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness in all aspects of life. Globalization is described as a quantitative and qualitative change that can be measured through its impact on space, regularity, speed, and depth of global interactions. The document also outlines different perspectives on globalization from hyperglobalizers, skeptics, and transformationalists. Key themes discussed include the tensions between integration and fragmentation, universalism and particularism, and ideas of a borderless world versus country sovereignty. Transmission belts that facilitate globalization like media, multinational corporations, capital, and technology are also highlighted.

1. “GLOBALISATION”
By
Dr.D.Ilangovan, Professor & Head, Dept. of
Commerce,
Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002
TN
E.Mail: dil2691@yahoo.co.in Mob:

2. What is Globalization?
 “process in which the constraints of geography recede
and in which people become aware that they are
receding”
 “widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide
interconnectedness in all aspects of life”
 process by which networks of interdependence
become large and continuous, or “thick”
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

3. What is Globalization?
 a quantitative and qualitative change
 not only economic
 4 dimensions:
 Space - extensiveness of global networks
 Regularity - intensity of global interactions
 Speed - velocity of global flows
 Depth – impact of global interconnections on
quality of life
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

4. When did globalization begin?
 Underway since dawn of history
 Emerged with industrialization and capitalism
 Recent development of Information Age
 Globalization not linear
 Ebbs and flows with politics
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

5. Historical Forms of Globalization
 21st century “thick globalization”
 high extensity, intensity, velocity and impact
 Western imperial expansion (18th century)
 high extensity, impact; low intensity, velocity
 Silk and luxury trade (200 BC-200 AD)
 high extensity; low intensity, velocity, impact
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

6. The Globalization Debate
 3 Schools of thought
 Hyperglobalizers
 new epoch in human history
 logic of market trumps state power
 benefit or oppressive?
 emergence of global civil society
 smooth unfolding of human progress
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

7. The Globalization Debate
 Skeptics
 current levels of interdependence not new
 classical “Gold Standard” period 1870-1914
 power of national governments endures
 hegemon important
 regionalization prevails
 inequality undermines global civilization
 global culture not emerging
 global governance illusory
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

8. The Globalization Debate
 Transformationalists
 current globalization unprecedented
 but outcome unclear
 globalization has contradictions
 unclear if single world society will result
 national governments not powerless but must share
governance with IGOs and NGOs
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

9. Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
 Integration - breaking down barriers historically
separating people
 communications, economics, security, ideas
 Fragmentation
 nationalism, regionalization, religion, ethnic conflict,
inequality
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

10. Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
Dilemma
 integration satisfies material needs, freedom from
want
 fragmentation satisfies non-material desires, freedom
from fear
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

11. Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
 Examples of fragmentation and inequality
 Africa – region of the world most excluded from global
economy
 Access to information technology – the “digital divide”
 Science and technology for public health and food
production skewed to solve problems of developed world
over those of poor countries
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

12. Theme 1: Integration-Fragmentation
Summary - Fragmentation can be viewed as:
 Nationalism, ethnic conflict, identity
 Regionalization
 Inequality
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

13. Theme 2: Universalism-Particularism
 Focus on global culture vs. local culture
 globalization as convergence, homogenization,
uniformity
 Cultural imperialism thesis - variants:
 Americanization
 Westernization
 Core over periphery
 Modern over traditional
 Global capitalist monoculture
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

14. Theme 3: Borderless World-Sovereignty
 What are states?
 Why are states under pressure?
 Causes of state decline
 market forces; technology; skills revolution
 But states not powerless
 Historically rooted political agents interact with
increasingly globalized economic agents
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

15. Transmission Belts for Globalization
 Media
 MNCs, TNCs, MNEs
 Capital
 Labor
 Transportation
 Communication
 Tourism
 Air
 Water
 Science and Technology
 Others?
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

16. Globalization Summary
 Globalization best conceived as a dialectical process
stimulating:
 integration and fragmentation
 cultural differentiation and convergence
 borderless world and evolution of state
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

17. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Globalization
Realm of
Globalization
Advantages Disadvantages
Political
Weakens power of
authoritarian
governments
Unwanted external
influences difficult to
control
Economic
Jobs, capital, more
choices
Exploitative; benefits
uneven
Cultural
Offers exposure to
other cultures
Risks cultural
imperialism
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Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020

18. THANK YOU ALL
Prof.D.Ilangovan, HD Commerce AU
18-04-2020 18