The document discusses several global institutions including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Trade Organization (WTO), United Nations (UN), and G20. It provides brief descriptions of their purposes, such as managing global markets, promoting multinational treaties, reducing poverty and maintaining sustainable growth. Key functions of the WTO, IMF, and World Bank are also summarized, such as setting trade policies, providing funds to nations, and funding development projects.

1. G L O B A L I Z A T I O N
E M E R G E N C E O F G L O B A L I N S T I T U T I O N S
P r e s e n t e d B y
K a n c h a n A g r a w a l
B B A V I S e m

2. GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS
• An international organization consisting of a large majority of the nations in the world.
Its mission is to promote peace ,
international development, human rights and global health.
• Global Institutions are needed to
– Manage and regulate the Global Marketplace
– Promote the establishment of multinational treaties to govern the global business system

3. GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS
• Some of GLOBAL Institutes are –
– World Bank
– International Monetary Fund (IMF)
– World Trade Organization (WTO)
– United Nations (UN)
– G20

4. GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TRADE &
TARIFFS (GATT)
The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was a free trade agreement between 23
countries that eliminated tariffs and increased international trade. Its purpose is the
substantial reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and the elimination of preferences, on
a reciprocal and mutually advantageous basis.
• World Trade Organization
– WTO was formed in the year 1995 as a global international organization dealing with the rules of
international trade among countries.
• The main functions of WTO are as follows:
– Setting the framework for trade policies
– Reviewing the trade policies of different countries
– Providing technical cooperation to less developed and developing countries

5. INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
(IMF)
• IMF, established in 1945, consists of 187 member countries.
• It works to secure financial stability, develop global monetary cooperation, facilitate
international trade, and reduce poverty and maintain sustainable economic growth
around the world.
• Objectives of IMF are as follows:-
– Solving the international monetary problems that distort the economic development of
different nations
– Maintaining stability in the international exchange rates
– Providing funds to the member nations as and when required
– Monitoring the financial and economic policies of member nations

6. WORLD BANK
• The World Bank Group is one of the world’s largest sources of funding and knowledge
for developing countries.
• Its five institutions share a commitment to reducing poverty, increasing shared
prosperity, and promoting sustainable development.
• World Bank in numbers
– Provided Financial Assistance of $ 45.9 Billion
– funded 12000 projects to support, development and relief
– 189 member countries

7. FIVE INSTITUTIONS OF WORLD BANK
GROUP
• International Bank for Reconstruction & Development
- IBRD provides financial products and policy advice to help countries reduce poverty and extend the benefits of
sustainable growth to all of their people.
• International Development Association
– IDA offers concessional loans and grants to the world's poorest developing countries.
• International Finance Corporation
– IFC offers investment, advisory, and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in
developing countries.
• The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
– MIGA promotes cross-border investment in developing countries by providing guarantees (political risk insurance and
credit enhancement) to investors and lenders.
• International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes
– ICSID is arbitration mechanism for resolving disputes that may arise between States and foreign investors.

8. UNITED NATIONS
• Overview
– The United Nations is an international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and
economic cooperation among its member countries.
• Member States
– Each of the 193 Member States of the United Nations is a member of the General Assembly.
• Main organs
– The main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and
Social Council, the Trusteeship Council, the International Court of Justice, and the UN Secretariat.
• Leadership
– The current Secretary-General of the UN, and the ninth occupant of the post, is Mr. António
Guterres of Portugal, who took office on 1 January 2017.
• Funds, Programmes, specialized agencies and others
– UNESCO, UNICEF, WHO, ITU

9. G20
• The G20 is an international forum that brings together the world’s 20 leading and
emerging economies, representing about two-thirds of the world’s population, 85 per
cent of global gross domestic product and over 75 per cent of global trade.