United nations conference on trade and development

1. United Nations Conference on
Trade and Development
SUBMITTED TO :-
Ms Shalini Singh
SUBMITTED BY :-
Harshit Gupta

2. Introduction
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD) was established in 1964 .
It is permanent intergovernmental body.
UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General
Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues.
UNCTAD has 194 member states and is headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland.
UNCTAD has 400 staff members .
It is a member of the United nations development Group.

3. OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of the UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to
all aspects of development including trade ,aid, transport, finance and
technology.
Optimize the trade, investment and development opportunities of
developing countries.
Assist developing countries in their efforts to integrate into the world
economy on an equitable basis.
BASIC PRINCIPLE :- UNCTAD’S action program and priorities have been laid
down in the various recommendations adopted by the first conference in 1964.
These recommendations are based on the following basic principles.
 Every country has the sovereign right freely to dispose of its natural resources
 Economic relations between countries
 There shall be no discrimination on the basis of difference in socio-economic
systems.

4. • “Maximize the trade, investment and
development opportunities of developing
countries and assist them in their efforts
to integrate into the world economy on an
equitable basis."
Main Goal Of UNCTAD

5. FUNCTIONS
To promote international trade between developed and
developing countries with a view to accelerate economic
development.
 To formulate principles and policies on international trade and
related problems of economic development.
 To make proposals for putting its principles and policies into
effect.
 To review and facilitate the coordination of activities of the other
U.N. institutions in the field of international trade.

6.  To function as a centre for a harmonious trade and related
documents in development policies of governments. Eight
function have been held under UNCTAD
 Given important role of primary commodities and natural
resources for developing countries
 It also took effort to stabilise and expand the export earning
of these countries .
 In the process (UNCTAD) adopted a group approach to
negotiations with (OCED) countries
 And developing countries coming together under the age of
group 77 to co-ordinate their positions.
 China formed a separate group .

7. MEETINGS
The UNCTAD Conference – held every four years:
UNCTAD VIII in Cartagena, Colombia on 8–25 February 1992
UNCTAD IX in Midrand, South Africa on 27 April – 11 May 1996
UNCTAD X in Bangkok, Thailand on 12–19 February 2000[5]
UNCTAD XI in São Paulo, Brazil on 13–18 June 2004[6]
UNCTAD XII in Accra, Ghana on 20–25 April 2008[7]
UNCTAD XIII in Doha, Qatar on 21–26 April 2012[8
REPORTS PRESENTED IN MEETING
The Trade and Development Report
The Trade and Environment Review
The World Investment Report
The Least Developed Countries Report
UNCTAD Statistics
The Information Economy Report
The International Accounting and Reporting Issues Annual Review
The Technology and Innovation Report

8. Role ofUNCTAD
Despite the debates and disagreements (UNCTAD) played a
key roll
 The generalized system of preferences (GSP)
 A maritime shipping code.
 Special international programs to help least developed
countries and International aid targets.
 During the break down of Bretton wood system, oil
price shocks, inflation and accumulation of debt by
developing countries (UNICTAD) became a central
forum for debates between the north and south.

9. UNCTAD’s work ( To Bridge Gap )
Investment, enterprise
development, and technology
Trade (goods, services and commodities),
services infrastructure and
trade facilitation
DEVELOPMENT
Developmentstrategiesandglobal
interdependence
Leastdeveloped,landlockedand
smallislanddevelopingcountries.

10. How Does UNCTAD Work?
A TWO-TRACK
PROCESS
Intergovernmental level
Commission
meetings
Human resources
capacity-building
Consensus
Building
Policy
Analysis
UNCTAD Secretariat
Expert meetings
Monitoring of inter-
governmental
activities
Research and
analytical studies
Institutional
Capacity-
building

11. Achievements
One of the principal achievements of UNCTAD has been to
conceive and implement the Generalized System of Preferences
(GSP).
It was argued in UNCTAD that to promote exports of
manufactured goods from developing countries, it would be
necessary to offer special tariff concessions to such exports.
Accepting this argument, the developed countries formulated the
GSP scheme under which manufacturers' exports and some
agricultural goods from the developing countries enter duty-free or
at reduced rates in the developed countries.
Since imports of such items from other developed countries are
subject to the normal rates of duties, imports of the same items
from developing countries would enjoy a competitive advantage.