Global warming is causing the Earth's temperature to rise due to increased greenhouse gas emissions trapping heat in the atmosphere. The main sources of emissions are power plants, transportation, industry, agriculture, and deforestation. While increased carbon dioxide can boost plant growth, overall climate change is expected to negatively impact global food production by altering growing conditions, increasing extreme weather, and promoting pest infestations. Adaptations are needed such as developing new crop varieties that are drought and heat resistant, adopting sustainable farming practices, changing land use, and pursuing renewable energy alternatives to fossil fuels to mitigate further global warming.

1. Global Warming-
Its impact on Agriculture
SANTOSH KORAV
2017A7D
COA, CCSHAU, HISAR

2. What Is Global Warming?
• Global warming is when the earth heats up
and the temperature increases
• More recently, the temperatures have been
rising, causing more dangers for people,
animals, plants and our environment.

3. The Greenhouse Effect
• The greenhouse effect is when the
temperature goes up, on Earth, since the sun’s
heat and light energy is trapped in the earth’s
atmosphere.
• While the heat from the sun enters our
atmosphere, the heat has trouble leaving back
out our atmosphere

5. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
• Animal agriculture, manure,
natural gas, rice paddies,
landfills, coal, and other
anthropogenic sources
contribute about 450 million
tons of methane each year
• Atmospheric concentrations of
CO2 and CH4 have increased by
31% and 149% respectively
above pre-industrial levels since
1750
 Combustion of fossil fuels coal-burning power plants,
automobile exhausts, factory smokestacks, other waste vents
of the human environment contribute 22 billion tons of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases each year

6. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Power Plants
40% of carbon dioxide emissions stem from the burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of
electricity generation
Cars
20% of carbon dioxide emissions comes from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion
engines of cars and light trucks with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming
Trucks
Another 13% of carbon dioxide emissions come from
trucks used mostly for commercial purposes
Airplanes
Aviation causes 3.5 percent of global warming,
and the figure could rise to 15 percent by 2050
Carbon Dioxide from Buildings
Buildings structure account for about 12% of
carbon dioxide emissions

7. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Methane
• Methane is more than 20 times as effective as CO2 at trapping heat in the
atmosphere
• 2004 Levels of atmospheric methane have risen 145% in the last 100 years
• Derived from sources such as rice paddies, bovine
flatulence, bacteria in bogs and fossil fuel
production
• In flooded fields, anaerobic conditions develop
and the organic matter in the soil decomposes
Nitrous oxide
• Naturally produced by oceans and rainforests
• Man-made sources-nylon and nitric acid
production, the use of fertilizers in agriculture,
cars with catalytic converters and the burning
of organic matter
Deforestation
• Responsible for 25% of all carbon emissions
entering the atmosphere by the burning and cutting of about 34 million acres of
trees each year

8. Impact of global warming on
agriculture
• Global climate change may impact food
production across a range of pathways:
• 1) By changing overall growing conditions
(general rainfall distribution, temperature regime
and carbon);
• 2) By inducing more extreme weather such as
floods, drought and storms; and
• 3) By increasing extent, type and frequency of
infestations, including that of invasive alien
species.

9. Estimates of Future Levels of CO2

10. Impact of CO2 , Temperature
• When CO2 concentration is high, photosynthesis of
plants is promoted and transpiration is inhibited.
• Thus, increase in CO2 in the atmosphere could
enhance plant growth by increasing the rate of
photosynthesis, leading to more leaf expansion and a
large canopy.
• for many plant species, double of CO2 will lead to 10-
15% increase in dry matter production, provided all
other factors remain constant.
• Yield increases in case of wheat and barley have been
suggested as high as 40%.

11. • C3 plants have qualitatively greater photosynthetic
response to increase in CO2 concentration than C4
plants.
• In maize, the rate of stomata closure above a
concentration of 400 ppm CO2 was proportional to
the increase in its concentration.
• About 40% increase in CO2 uptake rate was
observed in wheat as CO2 concentration was
increased from 300 to 800 ppm.
• When CO2 concentration was increased from 315 to
400 ppm
• over the whole day periods, a 20% increase occurred
in maize.

12. • the adverse effects of 1-2oC rise in temperature could be
obsorbed with 5-10% increase in precipitation.
• The yield increase of 20-30% may be possible on about 70%
under paddy and wheat.
• There is also possibility of improvement in the yield of
cotton, groundnut and C4 species under new environmental
conditions.
• In winter dryland crops, CO2 enrichment and temperature
rise could probably result in depletion of soil water at a
rapid rate during vegetative phase of growth, leading to
moisture stress during grain filling and consequently poor
harvest index and low productivity.
• In north India, warming would offset some losses in yield by
early pod set in winter grain legumes like chickpea and lentil
and by arresting frost damage in oilseed brassicas.

13. Adaptations to global warming
• New varieties: drought/heat resistant
• New farm management practices
• Change in land use
• Watershed management
• Agri-insurance

14. What Can be Done: Alternatives
Renewable Energy Sources
Solar Energies Wind Power Biomass Geothermal
Changes In Vehicle Systems
Hybrid Fuel Cell Battery-
Electric

15. Thank You