This document discusses climate change and its impacts. It provides background on climate change, noting that changes are occurring due to both natural causes and human activity. It then discusses specific impacts of climate change such as rising global temperatures over the past 100 years, rising sea levels, variations in rainfall, and impacts to ecosystems and biodiversity. The document also discusses renewable energy sources like wind, solar and hydroelectric power as alternatives to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

1. Comenius Project 2008-2010
IES. Campclar
(Tarragona, Spain)
Debrecen first year meeting

2. The climate change is the modifcation of the climate respect to
the climate history in a global scale or regional
Those changes are produced in
different scales of time and above all
the climatics parameters:
temperature, rains, and clouds…
Those changes are from natural
causes and from the human
action
The Climate change

3. Variations of temperatures
Since the temperatures of the surface of the Earth started to have a registry in 1900, the
hottest eleven out of the twelve last years have been in those twelve years. In the last
hundred years (1995-2006), the world temperature has increased 0.74ºC. And the level of the
sea has risen 17 cm in the 20th century.

4. Variations of rains
The global average of rains in the continents is 780mm. In Spain is 680mm. We
are under of the average, so we should act in consequence.

5. The climate in Spain
There are four basic different climates in Spain:
oceanic, mediterranean, subtropical and
mountain range.
In Spain, the rains are well known to be because of their
caresty, the summer droughts and the big interanual, stational
and spacial variety, all depends on the influential factors.
The country is in a worm area, without the same
characteristics in all the country. The cause of this is the mix of
the hot wind areas and the cold wind areas.

6. Ecosystems and biodiversity: extinction of landscapes, of wilderness, dessert,
acid rains…
Water resaurces: disminution of these, droughts and water razionalitation
The production of food and fibres: causes of the aparition of the manipulation
of these.
The floor and their uses: dessert, desappearing of vegetables, changes in natural
propieties of the floor.
Floughts, forest fires and hills slidings
Climate change impacts

7. Gas discharges conservatories in Spain :
-impacts of the emissions
-gas inventory
-alternatives to don’t emit these gases
(clean energies)
Situation in countries near of us
Options of mitigation of those GASES:
-temporal perspective
-the power crossroads
-The case in Spain
-Big solutions
Finding solutions

8. Generals considerations
Saving in the
transports sector
Saving in the
residential, institutional
and commercial
sectors
Saving in the
industrial sector
Saving in other sectors
Energetic efficiency
and saving

9. Removable energies
Removable energy is which we can get them from natural sources, they are
inexhaustible
Removable energies has been a very important part in the energy used by the
humans since a long time ago.
The most used are:
• Eolic
• From the sun
• Hydraulic

10. The Aeolian energy is the energy whose origin movement it comes
from the movement of the air mass.
The Aeolian energy it is taken
advantage of us by a system of a
rotor that turns to measurement that
passes wind through this.
AEOLIAN ENERGY

11. SOLAR ENERGY
Energy produced with the
effect of the heat of the sun in
a solar plate. It is used
principaly in houses to warm
water and calefaction, and
also in lights on the road by
means of bateries which is
loaded during the day
It comes from the sun and it is produced for the fusion of the
atomics core of hidrogen, principal component of the sun

12. WATER ENERGY
Is the energy originated by pumps because of the pressure profit which it is
produced in a water source by the difference of high.
Lively strength of a current
or a water source which its
profits comes from
mechanic energy to
move machines or to
produce electrical energy.

13. Greenhouse effect

14. The greenhouse effect is the phenomenon by as
some gases that are components of the planet
atmosphere keep part of the energy that the soil
emits because being warmed by sun rays
•It afects to all of the planet body eqipped of
atmosphere.
• This phenomenon avoids that the sun energy
received constantly by the Earth return inmediatly
to the space, producing a planetary scale an efect
similar observed in a greenhouse.

15. Global heating

16. 1. Is the observed phenomenon in the mesures of temperature. It
shows in an average the increase of temperature of terrestrial
atmosphere and the oceans.
2. Is the theory that predicts a future growth of the
temperatures

17. Solar variations
Orbital variation
Continental drift
Atmosferic composition
Oceanic flows
Magnetic earth camp
Natural causes of climate change

18. Greenhouse effect
In nature is caused by:
Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
Methane

19. Quaternary climate
- In the quaternary period they have been 80 glacial cycles
- Volume of ice, sea levels and temperature have changed in first
cycles of 41.000 years and more recently of 100.000 years.
- The last interglacial period began 12.000 years ago, causing the
disappearing of ice. A similar glacial period is possible to start again in
about 50.000 years

20. 20

21. 21
•Increasement of CO2
Since Industrial Revolution, mainly the most industrialized
countries, have increased their own CO2 levels

22. 22
•Fossil fuels
•The firing of fossil oils generates a large quantity of CO2
(vehicles, factories…)
•Aerosols
•The aerosols wich are emitted to the athmosfere produce a
cooling effect and affects to climate on Earth

23. 23
•Deforestation
•The cutting of trees causes that CO2 is not eliminated
quickly and this is accumulated on the atmosphere
•Land use
•This problem is asociated to the tree cutting due to men are
distroying a lot of forest areas

24. 24
•Soil manufactury
•Soil manufactury gives out lots of greenhouse gases which
effect on the athmosfere.
• Stockbreeding
• The stockbreeding is responsible of 18% of greenhouse
gases, taking also into account the tree cutting which
causes.

25. 25
Rainfall and temperatures
· Rise of temperatures.
In the 21st century it will rise 1-6,4ºC
· Greenhouse effects
· High temperatures of the sea causes:
Typhoons/hurricanes floods epidemias

26. Sea level rising
· Causes : - thermal expansion
- disminution of the poles
- underground water
- desforestation
· Consequences: - not polar glaciers 50 cm
- Antarctica 73 m
- Greenland 7’5 m
- extinction of species (caribou, polar
bear, cliffs, barriers ..)

27. Vegetation
· Change of seasonal and regional temperature
· Going down of tree surface
· Extinction of the variety of the species

28. 28
Consequences of climate change
to the humans

29. 29
Climate change causes that
the summers become
hotter and produces hot
waves. The people with an
elevated age are the most
vulnerable and in an
extreme case, they could
die.

30. 30
The climate change can
also extend and the new
implant of tropical
diseases like malaria or
dengue.
The increasement of atmosphere
contaminators produces that
people with chronic bronchitis or
cardiovascular problems become
more vulnerable too.

31. 31
How to prevent climate
change?
 By car.
· By bicycle.
· At home.
· In the office.
· Traveller.

32. 32
Organizations
•CMNUCC (UNFCCC).
•INCC.
•Relationships between CMNUCC and
INCC.

33. 33
Ecotourism
· Definition.
· Ecotourism of Spain: -Spain Ecotourists as
receptors.
-Spain Ecotourists as
issuers.
· The future of ecotourism in Spain.

34. 34
The wastes.
The problems of landfills:
•The emissions of
biodegradable waste.
•Water pollution.
•Noise and stinking.
•Unsustainable use of land.
•In general, it causes the
climate change.
The incinerate waste:
•Emissions of contaminator
elements.
•To fire the waste.

38. FLOODS IN 1901 - 2000FLOODS IN 1901 - 2000
 This image shows the floods in the last century.
 The climate change has favored the increasement of floods by the pass of time.
 Hundred years ago, the numberof floods didn’t exceed two floods in a year.
 Now, we can have since five to seven floods in only one year.

39. Tarragona has got the biggest industrial complex of
spain
Chlorine, which is very used in this industry, causes
lots of diseases by the emission to the environment
of this tipe of products. However, tarragona is not
the only city with contaminational industries, as it’s
seen in the image

40. Time ago, there was an industrial contamination
accident in tarragona, one of the most importants in
spain. 700 tonelades of toxical and dangerous
residues were dropped in river ebro. Cientifical
studies have shown the high concentration of
diseases in relation with the contamination fromthis
accident. As the effects of this accident, there’s a
high percentatge of deficient child devolopment.

42. Thanks for your attention