The document discusses the dramatic growth of Christianity in the global South and East in the 20th century, as the percentage of Christians in the West declined. It notes some of the key differences between Western and Southern Christianity, such as the youthfulness of the Southern church, its experience of poverty and suffering, different cultural contexts, and a generally more conservative view of the Bible in the South. It explores challenges faced by the growing Southern church, such as resources for training clergy and addressing health and social issues.