5. Treatment of open angle glaucoma
1. Beta blocker
Mechanism of action :
• Topical application of a beta-blocker to the
eye reduces intraocular pressure effectively
by reducing the rate of production of
aqueous humour.
6. Beta-blockers used as eye drops include:
1.Betaxolol. 2.Timolol. 3.Levobunolol. 4.Carteolol.
• Side effects
1.Ocular
1. Dryness Redness of eye.
2. Blurring of vision.
3. Corneal hypoesthesia.
4. Blepharoconjunctivitis.
2.Systemic:
1. Severe bronchospasm in asthmatics.
2. Bradycardia.
3. Enhancement of heart blocks.
4. Congestive heart failure.
7. 2.PROSTAGLANDIN ANALOGUES
1. Latanoprost.
2. Bimatoprost.
3. Travoprost.
• they Increase outflow of aqueous humor.
Side effects
• Thickening and darkening of eye lashes.
• Darkening of iris.
• Redness of eyelids.
• Blurring of vision.
• Macular edema .
8. 3.α2-AGONISTS
Brimonidine
• Mechanism of Action:
1. decrease aqueous humor production.
2. increase outflow of aqueous humor.
– Side effects
Local Systemic
1. Allergy
2. Follicular conjunctivitis
3. dermatoconjunctivitis
Mainly on cardiovascular
system :
1. Arrhythmias.
2. Tachycardia.
3. Hypertension.
10. 5.CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
• Acetazolamide
• Dorzolamide
• It is a competitive inhibitor of carbonic
anhydrase, the enzyme that converts CO2
and H2O into H2CO3. Inhibition of this
enzyme in the eye reduces aqueous humour
production by the ciliary body.
11. close angle glaucoma
Drugs used are:
1. Acetazolamide.
2. Mannitol.
3. Pilocarpine.
4. Topical beta blockers .
5. Apraclonidine.
6. Latanoprost.
7. PGF2 alpha analog.
– Once intraocular is decreased then surgery or
laser iridotomy is done, hole is made in iris which
facilitates flow of aqueous humor.
12. 3.pigmentary glaucoma
• miotics cause the pupil to constrict . and
inhibit the iris from rubbing against the
supporting fibers of the eye’s lens, helping to
prevent further release of pigment. However,
miotics have side effects such as blurred vision
which can limit their use.
