The Danish Model
Transforming Public Libraries
from Institutions of the
Industrial Age to Change
Agents for the Networked
Society..



Rolf Hapel, Aarhus Public Libraries, Denmark
Denmark
Aarhus
  5.5 mill
310.000 inhabitants
647 km2km2
  43,000
19 librarieslibrary service points
  450 fixed
  96 NZD average spending on
78 NZD average spending on
  libraries per capita
libraries per capita
1400


       Fewer libraries..
1200

       .
1000




 800




 600




 400




 200         More than 50 % decrease of
            service points in Denmark since
   0
                         1980!
E-book
readers
Libraries
Reinvent the library
new ways of professionalism
      new products
      new alliances
   new ways of funding
A new library model
for the knowledge
society

Danish Digital
Library

Partnerships
The modern library
                              Cognition/information




               Innovation                             Empower-
                                                      ment




D. Skot-Hansen et. al.
Royal School of Library and
Information Science                Engagement
Space for meaningful and
                        touching experiences

                        Irrational, emotional and chaotic

                        Communicating a diversion of
                        aesthetic experiences

Space for inspiration   Storytelling or other artistic
                        expressions

                        All kinds of media, cultural forms
                        and genres

                        Stage for events and cultural
                        arrangements

                        Supporting cognition/experience
                        and innovation
Space for experience and exploring the
                     world through media and communication

                     Free and easy access to information and
                     knowledge

                     Learning percieved as a dialogue
                     oriented process

Space for learning   Based on learning needs of the users

                     Informal settings

                     Playful, interactive and social learning
                     methods

                     Homework café’s, study places, open
                     courses and experiment areas

                     Supporting cognition/experience and
                     empowerment
Open, public space

                    The Great Good Place - between home
                    and work

                    Arenas for encounters between people
                    of different interests and values

                    Encounter opinions through
                    discussions and debate

Space for meeting   Non-committal, random encounters
                    through lounge décor with newspapers
                    and café atmosphere

                    Organized meetings

                    Chat groups, blogs or other social
                    media

                    Supporting empowerment and
                    engagement
Users creating new expressions in
                        the encounter with art and culture

                        Access to tools supporting creative
                        expressions

                        Gaming-, writing-, sound- and
                        video-workshops

                        Workshops with professional
Space for performance
                        artists, designers and multimedia
                        developers

                        Publishing and distributing work
                        and products of the users

                        User access to stages for
                        performance and expression

                        Supporting engagement and
                        innovation
Idea
   Liberate data and information
   Create relations between data
   Make the users knowledge visible and
    useful
   Place information in a meaningful
    context for the users

    ..by using open source software and
    forming communities for development
Information silos




                    data bases
Concept

Sources   The well               Application layer   Presentation
           (data repository)                                    O


O

          Harvesting
             and
           indexing


                                                                m




                       User transactions
TING.community
                 40               12

              Library         Vendor
              Partners        Partners


Community                              Mobile
                                         Projects
                                        Mobile
Council               TING.concept       E.g. apps
----------
Community
Work Group                             Ding2
                                       (CMS)
             Open Source
                              The Well
             Content
                              (Meta data
             (Coding and
                              repository)
             consistency)
The Net libraries
Virtual libraries or subject portals
produced by Danish public and
research libraries in cooperation
   Started spring 2000

   Editor based in Aarhus, production distributed

   Cooperation with nationwide public service TV and
    radio broadcast (DR)

   Also nonfiction: ”Think Pauses” in cooperation with
    Aarhus University and DR
       a series of events and booklets with scientist and
        researchers on subjects like Freedom, Network,
        Confidence and Hostility.
Author net    Interviews
    Video clips       User profiles
Latest comments Ask your librarian
 Podcasts                  Blogs     News
            Biographies
Readers Clubs              Event calendar
       ’Something Similar’   Analyses
 Best rated novels ’Book pieces’
Write to the Author        Expert panels
Order the book in your library   Bibliographies
Palle’s Gift Shop
                                          Presentation




    All Danish public libraries participate
                                           Theme


    Universe – basic figures and changing themes –
     also in the physical libraries     Recommendations



        Music                              Games


        Polling                            Downloads



                                            Library Adds
 User comments
Watch movies
with your borrowers card
on filmstriben.dk
Film and movies
                  E-sound books




     E-music        E-books
m.aakb.dk
Search and hold
            SMS services

      Integrated e-content

     My loans/account

News from the library
                                  Events

                                 General info

                                Top 10

                               New media/
                               services

                              Recommen-
                              dations
Loan Patterns – ”Wisdom of the Crowd”
Others
who have
borrowed..
E-content from
                  the library:
Film and movies   E-books
                  E-sound books
                  Music
                  Film..



 E-sound books




  E-music

                   ..in
                   Websites
                   from e.g.
                   educational
   E-books         institutions
Launching ebook-service

                  October 2011

                  Agreement with primary
                  publishers covering 80 % of the
                  Danish e-book market

                  Build on TING

                  Technical integration to Fiction
                  Literature portal

                  Integration to OPAC’s
Scan point       Titles by same
                      author




                                    Others have
                                  also borrowed..



 Remember this
     book
Mash-up library                                                                              Partner
                                                                                                    activities


                     LOCAL ARCHIVE              NATURE GUIDE         REFERENCE

                         ARKIV                          ANALOGUE MEDIA
                    LEARNING CENTER
                             Archive




                                                                            YOUTH
TODDLERS/CHILDREN




                            JOB CORNER          STUDY SUPPORT
                                                                           FAMILIES




                                                                                      EXHIBITIONS
                            HOME-
                            WORK                COMMUNITY
                                                                   QUIET
                    REA-                          CENTER           AREA
                    DING    HELP
                                                                           MEETING
                    TRAI-
                    NING               CAFÉ         Q AND A                ROOMS

                      HEALTH              SMS BUSINESS
                    COUNCELLING               SERVICE       SELF SERVICE

                     LEISURE INFO              CONSUMER INFO        LIBRARY SHOP

                                                NEWS LOUNGE
..a structured, obligating, mutual
beneficial and dialogue based cooperation
between organizations from different
sectors who by combining their resources
and competences can develop new
activities and services
Interaction
 Partnership strategy

                                          Innovation in hybrid organisations

                                  Business development projects
     Volunteers as consultants
                                                  R&D
                          Co-production
  Advocacy campains                                Branding
                          Dialogue on services

Short term   Sponsorships                 Networks, clubs
                                                                  Long term
             Short duration
                                          Sponsorships
       Donations, gifts                   Long duration




                                 Distance
20122
Thus partnerships..



                      New resources and skills in the library

                      Knowledge and inspiration from others

                      Increased network

                      Increased diversity and quality in
                      service production

                      Enhanced communication and
                      marketing

                      Legitimization

                      New ambassadors
Innovation Strategy
What is innovation?




                      New


      Innovation

                      Value – for the
                      users
Davenport and Pruzak, 1998
Phases of innovation            Viscositet of Knowledge




                Known       Goals and
                 non-         aims
              knowledge

                                     Vision
     Know-
                                   Fullfillment
     ledge


Divergent                                   Convergent
Phase                                       Phase



                                  Action plans

              Unknown
                non-
                          The Groan-
             knowledge
                             zone
Self service
The intelligent building..

The hybrid library

• Multiple user interfaces

• “Intelligent” user support from the
  environment

• Web-services: embedded elements in the
  physical library connecting items and data
  from the Internet (recommendation, something
  similar, author portraits)




 Inspiring physical spaces for learning,
 searching, reading
Pick up of digital material
               The cell phone collect the web address
               Bluetooth transmits address to pc
i-floor
     Winner of Danish Design Award 2004
                   Info Column, proto type
Info Galleria
The Climate Scene
E-tables
Lib-Phone
RFID tags and Blue Toth
connected to content server
Early version…
Story Hat
PDA equipped
Reacts with rfid tags
The Laundry Game
”Rocking
sheep”
The Story Chair
Interactive Wall
The Quibbler
Low Tech
Book Table




  Innovation!
The library as a space

 From                         To
 Information searchable       What is only possible to
 anywhere                     experience in the library
 Space for media              The space as a media
 On-line                      On-site
 Information                  Meaning and significance
 Facts                        Reliability
 Encounter with information   Encounter with people

 Well informed                Eksperimental
 Visitor                      Resource
 Neutrality                   Sensuous
 Serious                      Playful
 Arrangements                 Events
                                                 Ivar Moltke, Create
From Space for Media to Space for People




Libraries are low intensive
meeting places and
creators of social capital
and trust..
                          Ragnar Audunson, Oslo University college, Dept. of
                          Journalism, Library and Information Studies, Oslo,
                          Norway
World Café
                        3-4 consecutive rounds of discussion
                        A new question posed at each round
                        Participants change – the host of the
                         table stays an picks up the essence


Library as percieved
by others

Dialogue and oral
competences involved

Opportunity to
examine the library’s
own attitudes and
ideas
Photo typing
                        Groups of people forming visions.
                       Everyone gets a camera and has to
                       answer in photos: What is it like to
                         be a user and what is it like to
                                  work there?


A great variety of
competences involved

Using pictures
communicates well

Starts discussions
and reflections
Village Square         Users and staff introduces ideas
                        and projects and participants
                        elaborate and develop those
                                    ideas


The library space is
used for ideas and
projects

A channel into user
thoughts and ideas

Test-space for
development topics

Access to user
networks
Mindspot: Target group from 14-20.
 Lead Users                Events inside and outside of the
                            library. Hiring young people –
                         Mindspotters - on a short term basis
                         to create events and develop ideas
                                  for this user group

Using user competences

Construct a universe

Access to new network
and user groups

Changing the image of
the library worker
User driven design       Children’s lab: A week’s workshop
                         with children btw 9-14 prototyping
                         a library. The results were used as
                         part of the competition programme
                                       for UMSA


Direct access to
children and not just
to children’s adults

Children carries large
networks

In 2014 these children
are between 16-21
LESSONS LEARNED
Make partnerships

Co-create and co-produce

Integrate user generated knowledge in services

Liberate the library from analog media - gradually!!!

Think value chains, formats and ”universes” in service
production
LESSONS LEARNED
Make space for prototyping in the physical library

Increase ties between other public sector activities and
libraries

Think relations rather than transactions

Advocate and campain

Be where the users are
Analogue media..
..digital media..
..music..
..serendipity..
..events..
..exhibitions..
..play for adults..
..picture books..
..puppet theater..
Bogklubber
..chess club..
..imagination..
..playful togetherness..
..book start
programmes..
..and story
telling!
Tuition..
..structured courses..
..informal learning..
..consultation..
..individual help..
..homework help - primary school..
..homework help café - immigrants..
..edutainment..
..word bingo..
..guidance..
..self learning..
..and self service
Meetings..
..talks..
..discussions..
..public debate..
..voting..
..politics..
.hanging out..
..dating..
.. concentrating!
Writers workshops..
..navigating..
..rap performance..
..building the future library..
..poetry slam..
..creating toys..
..workshops for lead users..
..creating the future..
..method development..
..play for children..
..hacker labs..
..necessary rest!
City Floor - level 0
Central escalators
                                                        Reading room

                                                                   Project rooms
               Entrance, level 1
                                                                              Study cells
Reading room




       Citizens Services

                                                                                            Multi purpose
                                                                                                halls




                           Learning and
                             meeting
                                            Cafe
The entrance – level 1
Media Ramp - level 1
Media Ramp - level 2
Media Ramp


    Rental Spaces



                                                Learning and meetings

 Central escalators




Learning and meetings
                        Children and Families
Hanging Garden




                                  Exhibition       Dynamic Surface   Wardrobe
               Mirror Room
Book shelves                                   Loudspeaker
Breastfeeding space

                               Eating space




                 Blackboard paint
Gl dec 2012
Gl dec 2012
Gl dec 2012
Gl dec 2012
Gl dec 2012
Gl dec 2012
Gl dec 2012
Gl dec 2012

Gl dec 2012

  • 1.
    The Danish Model TransformingPublic Libraries from Institutions of the Industrial Age to Change Agents for the Networked Society.. Rolf Hapel, Aarhus Public Libraries, Denmark
  • 2.
    Denmark Aarhus 5.5mill 310.000 inhabitants 647 km2km2 43,000 19 librarieslibrary service points 450 fixed 96 NZD average spending on 78 NZD average spending on libraries per capita libraries per capita
  • 3.
    1400 Fewer libraries.. 1200 . 1000 800 600 400 200 More than 50 % decrease of service points in Denmark since 0 1980!
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
    Reinvent the library newways of professionalism new products new alliances new ways of funding
  • 7.
    A new librarymodel for the knowledge society Danish Digital Library Partnerships
  • 9.
    The modern library Cognition/information Innovation Empower- ment D. Skot-Hansen et. al. Royal School of Library and Information Science Engagement
  • 10.
    Space for meaningfuland touching experiences Irrational, emotional and chaotic Communicating a diversion of aesthetic experiences Space for inspiration Storytelling or other artistic expressions All kinds of media, cultural forms and genres Stage for events and cultural arrangements Supporting cognition/experience and innovation
  • 11.
    Space for experienceand exploring the world through media and communication Free and easy access to information and knowledge Learning percieved as a dialogue oriented process Space for learning Based on learning needs of the users Informal settings Playful, interactive and social learning methods Homework café’s, study places, open courses and experiment areas Supporting cognition/experience and empowerment
  • 12.
    Open, public space The Great Good Place - between home and work Arenas for encounters between people of different interests and values Encounter opinions through discussions and debate Space for meeting Non-committal, random encounters through lounge décor with newspapers and café atmosphere Organized meetings Chat groups, blogs or other social media Supporting empowerment and engagement
  • 13.
    Users creating newexpressions in the encounter with art and culture Access to tools supporting creative expressions Gaming-, writing-, sound- and video-workshops Workshops with professional Space for performance artists, designers and multimedia developers Publishing and distributing work and products of the users User access to stages for performance and expression Supporting engagement and innovation
  • 16.
    Idea  Liberate data and information  Create relations between data  Make the users knowledge visible and useful  Place information in a meaningful context for the users ..by using open source software and forming communities for development
  • 17.
  • 18.
    Concept Sources The well Application layer Presentation (data repository) O O Harvesting and indexing m User transactions
  • 19.
    TING.community 40 12 Library Vendor Partners Partners Community Mobile Projects Mobile Council TING.concept E.g. apps ---------- Community Work Group Ding2 (CMS) Open Source The Well Content (Meta data (Coding and repository) consistency)
  • 21.
    The Net libraries Virtuallibraries or subject portals produced by Danish public and research libraries in cooperation
  • 24.
    Started spring 2000  Editor based in Aarhus, production distributed  Cooperation with nationwide public service TV and radio broadcast (DR)  Also nonfiction: ”Think Pauses” in cooperation with Aarhus University and DR  a series of events and booklets with scientist and researchers on subjects like Freedom, Network, Confidence and Hostility.
  • 25.
    Author net Interviews Video clips User profiles Latest comments Ask your librarian Podcasts Blogs News Biographies Readers Clubs Event calendar ’Something Similar’ Analyses Best rated novels ’Book pieces’ Write to the Author Expert panels Order the book in your library Bibliographies
  • 26.
    Palle’s Gift Shop Presentation  All Danish public libraries participate Theme  Universe – basic figures and changing themes – also in the physical libraries Recommendations Music Games Polling Downloads Library Adds User comments
  • 31.
    Watch movies with yourborrowers card on filmstriben.dk
  • 36.
    Film and movies E-sound books E-music E-books
  • 37.
  • 38.
    Search and hold SMS services Integrated e-content My loans/account News from the library Events General info Top 10 New media/ services Recommen- dations
  • 39.
    Loan Patterns –”Wisdom of the Crowd”
  • 40.
  • 41.
    E-content from the library: Film and movies E-books E-sound books Music Film.. E-sound books E-music ..in Websites from e.g. educational E-books institutions
  • 43.
    Launching ebook-service October 2011 Agreement with primary publishers covering 80 % of the Danish e-book market Build on TING Technical integration to Fiction Literature portal Integration to OPAC’s
  • 48.
    Scan point Titles by same author Others have also borrowed.. Remember this book
  • 53.
    Mash-up library Partner activities LOCAL ARCHIVE NATURE GUIDE REFERENCE ARKIV ANALOGUE MEDIA LEARNING CENTER Archive YOUTH TODDLERS/CHILDREN JOB CORNER STUDY SUPPORT FAMILIES EXHIBITIONS HOME- WORK COMMUNITY QUIET REA- CENTER AREA DING HELP MEETING TRAI- NING CAFÉ Q AND A ROOMS HEALTH SMS BUSINESS COUNCELLING SERVICE SELF SERVICE LEISURE INFO CONSUMER INFO LIBRARY SHOP NEWS LOUNGE
  • 54.
    ..a structured, obligating,mutual beneficial and dialogue based cooperation between organizations from different sectors who by combining their resources and competences can develop new activities and services
  • 55.
    Interaction Partnership strategy Innovation in hybrid organisations Business development projects Volunteers as consultants R&D Co-production Advocacy campains Branding Dialogue on services Short term Sponsorships Networks, clubs Long term Short duration Sponsorships Donations, gifts Long duration Distance
  • 56.
  • 61.
    Thus partnerships.. New resources and skills in the library Knowledge and inspiration from others Increased network Increased diversity and quality in service production Enhanced communication and marketing Legitimization New ambassadors
  • 63.
  • 64.
    What is innovation? New Innovation Value – for the users
  • 65.
    Davenport and Pruzak,1998 Phases of innovation Viscositet of Knowledge Known Goals and non- aims knowledge Vision Know- Fullfillment ledge Divergent Convergent Phase Phase Action plans Unknown non- The Groan- knowledge zone
  • 67.
  • 68.
    The intelligent building.. Thehybrid library • Multiple user interfaces • “Intelligent” user support from the environment • Web-services: embedded elements in the physical library connecting items and data from the Internet (recommendation, something similar, author portraits) Inspiring physical spaces for learning, searching, reading
  • 69.
    Pick up ofdigital material The cell phone collect the web address Bluetooth transmits address to pc i-floor Winner of Danish Design Award 2004 Info Column, proto type
  • 70.
  • 73.
  • 75.
  • 76.
    Lib-Phone RFID tags andBlue Toth connected to content server
  • 78.
  • 79.
  • 81.
  • 84.
  • 86.
  • 87.
  • 88.
  • 90.
  • 93.
    The library asa space From To Information searchable What is only possible to anywhere experience in the library Space for media The space as a media On-line On-site Information Meaning and significance Facts Reliability Encounter with information Encounter with people Well informed Eksperimental Visitor Resource Neutrality Sensuous Serious Playful Arrangements Events Ivar Moltke, Create
  • 94.
    From Space forMedia to Space for People Libraries are low intensive meeting places and creators of social capital and trust.. Ragnar Audunson, Oslo University college, Dept. of Journalism, Library and Information Studies, Oslo, Norway
  • 95.
    World Café 3-4 consecutive rounds of discussion A new question posed at each round Participants change – the host of the table stays an picks up the essence Library as percieved by others Dialogue and oral competences involved Opportunity to examine the library’s own attitudes and ideas
  • 96.
    Photo typing Groups of people forming visions. Everyone gets a camera and has to answer in photos: What is it like to be a user and what is it like to work there? A great variety of competences involved Using pictures communicates well Starts discussions and reflections
  • 97.
    Village Square Users and staff introduces ideas and projects and participants elaborate and develop those ideas The library space is used for ideas and projects A channel into user thoughts and ideas Test-space for development topics Access to user networks
  • 98.
    Mindspot: Target groupfrom 14-20. Lead Users Events inside and outside of the library. Hiring young people – Mindspotters - on a short term basis to create events and develop ideas for this user group Using user competences Construct a universe Access to new network and user groups Changing the image of the library worker
  • 99.
    User driven design Children’s lab: A week’s workshop with children btw 9-14 prototyping a library. The results were used as part of the competition programme for UMSA Direct access to children and not just to children’s adults Children carries large networks In 2014 these children are between 16-21
  • 100.
    LESSONS LEARNED Make partnerships Co-createand co-produce Integrate user generated knowledge in services Liberate the library from analog media - gradually!!! Think value chains, formats and ”universes” in service production
  • 101.
    LESSONS LEARNED Make spacefor prototyping in the physical library Increase ties between other public sector activities and libraries Think relations rather than transactions Advocate and campain Be where the users are
  • 105.
  • 106.
  • 107.
  • 108.
  • 109.
  • 110.
  • 111.
  • 112.
  • 113.
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  • 115.
  • 116.
  • 117.
  • 118.
  • 120.
  • 121.
  • 122.
  • 123.
  • 124.
  • 125.
    ..homework help -primary school..
  • 126.
    ..homework help café- immigrants..
  • 127.
  • 128.
  • 129.
  • 130.
  • 131.
  • 133.
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  • 154.
  • 178.
    City Floor -level 0
  • 180.
    Central escalators Reading room Project rooms Entrance, level 1 Study cells Reading room Citizens Services Multi purpose halls Learning and meeting Cafe
  • 181.
  • 183.
    Media Ramp -level 1
  • 184.
    Media Ramp -level 2
  • 185.
    Media Ramp Rental Spaces Learning and meetings Central escalators Learning and meetings Children and Families
  • 187.
    Hanging Garden Exhibition Dynamic Surface Wardrobe Mirror Room Book shelves Loudspeaker
  • 188.
    Breastfeeding space Eating space Blackboard paint