The document discusses biomedical waste management in India. It explains that biomedical waste makes up around 15% of total waste from hospitals and must be properly sorted and disposed of due to its infectious nature. There are 10 categories of biomedical waste that require specific disposal methods like incineration, autoclaving, shredding, or landfilling. The document also outlines the transportation and treatment infrastructure needed, including special vehicles, an incinerator, autoclave, effluent treatment plant, and secured landfill. Proper sorting and disposal of biomedical waste is important for public health.

2.  Basic Info of BMW
 Its Significance
 Necessity for proper disposal
 Need For Segregation
 Disposal Methods
 Common Errors
 Recap

3. THE BIOMEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT
AND HANDLING) RULES, 1998 as amended
in 2000
Government of India have notified the Biomedical Waste
[Management and Handling] Rules, 1998 as amended in 2000
under Environment [Protection] Act, 1986. The Tamilnadu
Pollution Control Board enforces this rule. The Tamilnadu
Pollution Control Board has inventories 317 Government Hospitals
and 1835 private hospitals. There are about 92,000 hospital beds
all over the State.

4. BIO MEDICAL WASTE MIXED WITH GENERAL
WASTE AND THAT TOTAL WASTE BECOME
HAZARDOUS. (PHOTO 1999)

5.  Started in 2003 & 3000 beds.
 800 HCEs & Over 15000 beds.
 6-7 Tonnes / day
 Hyderabad, Thirunelveli & Entire Kerala

6.  BMW means any waste which is generated during
diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human
beings or animals or in research activities
pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of
biological.
 BMW is only around 15% of the total waste in a
Hospital.

8. Cat 1. Human Anatomical Waste
Cat 2. Animal Waste
Cat 3. Microbiology & Bio-Technology Waste
Cat 4. Waste Sharps
Cat 5. Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs
Cat 6. Soiled Waste
Cat 7. Solid Waste
Cat 8. Liquid Waste
Cat 9. Incineration Ash
Cat 10. Chemical Waste

9.  Incineration
 Autoclaving
 Shredding
 Landfill
 Effluent Treatment

10.  CAT .I. Incineration/Deep Burial
 CAT .II. Incineration/Deep Burial
 CAT III. Local Autoclaving / Micro-waving / incineration
 CAT IV . Disinfection / Autoclaving / Microwaving and
Mutilation / Shredding
 CAT V . Incineration / Land filling
 CAT VI . Incineration / Autoclaving / Microwaving
 CAT VII Disinfection / Autoclaving / Microwaving and
Mutilation / Shredding
 CAT VIII .Chemical Treatment and Discharge into drains
 CAT IX Disposal in municipal landfill
 CAT X. Chemical treatment and discharge into drains for
liquids and secured landfill for solids

11.  Human tissues
 Animal Waste - tissues/cell cultures
 Organs
 Body Parts
 Placenta
 Pathological & Surgical Waste
 Microbiology & Bio-Technology Waste - cultures,
specimens of micro organisms.
 Soiled Waste - like swabs, bandages, mops, any such
item contaminated with blood/body fluids.

12.  Syringes(without needle)
 Tubing
 Catheters
 IV tubes
 Drains
 Blood Bags
 Urine Bags
 Gloves
 Endo tracheal tubes

13.  Needles
 Scalpels
 Blades
 Nails
 Broken Glass
 Broken Ampoules
 Lancets
 Any other item that can cut or puncture
Blue Color Bins / Puncture Proof
Containers

14.  Kitchen waste
 Food waste
 Paper
 Flowers
 Disposable plates, cups, etc.,
 Office waste
 Packing Material, etc.,

19. 

20. 

23. A Fleet Of Specially Built Trucks To Carry Waste From Hospitals
The Health Care Establishments, Nursing Homes, Laboratories, etc. are
spread across the length and breadth of the city of Chennai and its suburbs.
Hence a proper transportation network is necessary to ensure timely collection
of medical wastes from them and the subsequent transportation to the
treatment facility site with minimum transit time.
Bio-medical wastes are highly infectious and fast putriciable leading to
stench, bad odour, fluid formation, etc. Normally, no untreated Bio-medical
Wastes shall be stored beyond a period of 48 hours. Hence a very systematic
collection arrangement with the Health Care Establishments is imperative.
The entire city and its suburbs will be divided into Three zones – Northern,
Central and Southern – identifying and locating the Health Care Establishments
in these zones. M/s.GJ Multiclave (India) Pvt. Ltd proposes to have 3 Big
Vehicles and 1 Three Wheelers in its portfolio. The bigger and smaller vehicles
will be used following the route maps, charted and provided to the drivers. A
team of trained Drivers and Supervisors will be employed to ensure proper
transportation of Biomedical wastes from the collection points to the treatment
site. The vehicles will be specially designed with separate compartment for
storing different categories of wastes during the transportation as per the
Biomedical Waste Rules. They will also be painted with Biohazard symbol, as
required by the rules.

25. Incinerator with a full scrubbing system.
The Bio-medical Wastes stored in the Yellow Bags, will be
incinerated. In the incineration process, a temperature level
of 800 degree C +/- 50 degree C will be attained in the
Primary Chamber, 1050 degree C +/- 50 degree C in the
Secondary Chamber respectively. At These temperature
levels, the incinerable wastes will be completely burnt and the
gases will be emitted in the air through the 30 mtr chimney.
The residual ash will be collected from the bottom periodically
and sent for landfill.

27. A fully Atomized Autoclave
The non-incinerable bio-medical wastes, collected
in Red Bags and Puncture Proof Containers, will be
subjected to steam sterilization using vacuum
autoclave. In this process, the bio-medical wastes
will be completely disinfected and decontaminated.
The Vacuum Autoclave will reach a temperature
level upto 145 degree C and a pressure level of 35
PSI. The operating cycle of each batch will be 45
minutes. The Autoclave will also have automatic
data recording instruments so that the
temperatures and other relevant information will
be available on line and recorded for future
reference.

30. A Modular Effluent Treatment Plant For Treating Water
The Common Treatment Facility will have a full-fledged Effluent Treatment
Plant conforming to the Pollution Control Board’s norms and will aim at “Zero
Effluent Discharge”.
The waste water collected from Scrubbers attached in the Incinerator, from
Autoclave and liquid waste water from Blood Bag Shredder and Vehicle Wash
area, will be collected in the tanks and put through the treatment process.
The effluent water from different process sections will pass through an
Oil/Grease trap. The Oil and Grease filtered waste will be collected in a sump
and after sufficient coagulation, will be pumped to a flocculation cum settling
tank. Here the flocculator mechanism will form thick flocs. The settled
sludge is bled to a sludge drying bed, while the surface water and other
wastes are collected in another collection sump. The combined waste from this
sump, is sent to an aeration tank provided with a fixed type surface aerator.
The contents in the aeration tank are biodegraded by continuous operation of
surface aerator. The aerated mass becomes a sludge and is allowed to settle
in a settling tank. While the excess sludge is bled off to sludge drying bed,
the over flow from the settling tank, is reused for gardening and growing
green belt area.

31. Landfill Area
The common treatment facility will have a properly
designed secured landfill arrangement. Here certain
categories of wastes requiring land filling as well as the
treated non-recyclables such as metals, sharps, etc. will be
buried in the landfill area. The landfill arrangement will be
designed strictly conforming to the Pollution Control norms.

33.  Do Not Vacuum
 Do not use Household Cleaning Products
 Use Rubber Glove, Safety goggles & Mask.
 Use Flashlight & empty in sealed container.
 Discard in sealed pouch.

34.  Yellow – Incinerable Waste
 Red – Plastics
 Blue – Sharps