This document provides an introduction to the basic concepts of Git. It begins by stating the learning objective is for students to understand basic Git concepts. It then provides prerequisites for understanding Git, which include experience with software development life cycles and developing various types of applications. The document goes on to introduce Git, describing it as a distributed version control system created by Linus Torvald to manage merging of source code from different contributors. It also provides examples of using Git in a sample project workflow. Key terminology related to Git such as local repositories, blobs, trees, commits, branches, cloning, pulling, pushing, and revisions are defined. Finally, it depicts the basic Git workflow involving the working directory, staging area, and Git repository.

1. GIT-Basics
Ms.Rachana Pathak
(rachanarpathak@gmail.com)
Assistant Professor, Dept of Computer Science and Engineering
Walchand Institute of Technology, Solapur
(www.witsolapur.org)

2. Learning Outcome
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At the end of this session,
Students will be able to explain the basic concepts of Git

3. Prerequisite
• Git is used to handle all levels of Java and non-Java projects.
• Exposure to software development life cycle.
• Knowledge of developing web-based and non-web-based applications.
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4. Question
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Can Git be used for all types of projects?
Answer- Yes

5. Introduction
What is Git?
• Git is created by Linus Torvald.
• Git is merging of different source code from
different people and maintain.
• Git is a distributed version control system.
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Image source:https://git-scm.com/downloads/logos

6. Example
Requirements
• Gather user requirements
Model
• You design sample model
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Suppose you are
planning for a
project ?
Modifications
Actual
Work
Undo
Solution to
this is

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Types of VCS
Types of VCS
Distributed Version
Control
System(DVCS)
Centralized Version
Control
System(CVCS)
Central server to
store all files and
enables team
collaboration
DVCS not only check
out the latest snapshot
of the directory but
they also fully mirror
the repository.

8. • Free and open source
• Fast and small
• Implicit backup
• Security
• No need of powerful hardware
• Easier branching
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Advantages

9. Terminologies
• Local Repository-
• VCS tool provides a private workplace as a working copy.
• Changes become a part of the repository made by developers.
• Provides a private copy of the whole repository.
• Blobs-
• Blob stands for Binary Large Object.
• Each version of a file is represented by blob.
• A binary file and in Git database, named as SHA1 hash of that file.
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10. Terminologies
• Trees-
• Tree represents a directory.
• Tree is a binary file that stores references to blobs.
• Commits-
• Commit holds the current state of the repository.
• A commit is also named by SHA1 hash.
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11. Terminologies
• Branches-
• Branches are used to create another line of development.
• Git has a master branch, same as trunk in Subversion.
• Clone-
• Clone operation creates the instance of the repository.
• Clone operation checks out the working copy mirrors the complete repository.
• Users can perform many operations with this local repository.
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12. Terminologies
• Pull-
• Copies the changes from a remote repository instance to a local one.
• Synchronization between two repository instances.
• Like update operation in Subversion.
• Push-
• Copies changes from a local repository instance to a remote one.
• Used to store the changes permanently into the Git repository.
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13. Terminologies
• Revision-
• Revision represents the version of the source
code.
• Revisions in Git are represented by commits.
• Working Directory and Staging Area or Index
Let us see the basic workflow of Git as shown
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Working directory
Staging area
Git repository
Git add operation
Git commit operation

14. References
• Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing - By Andrew M. St.
Laurent, Oreily Media. e-Resource available at:
https://www.oreilly.com/openbook/osfreesoft/book/index.html
• Apache HTTP Server Documentation Version 2.2 by by Apache Software
Foundation
• Official Documentation of ATutor, Moodle, Drupal, Joomla, Wordpress, Liferay
Portal, Alfresco, Umbraco, Redmine, Nagios, Cacti, Icinga, OpenProject, LibrePlan
(eResources)
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15. Thank You !!!
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