This document discusses Esri's approach to GIS for national mapping. It focuses on a database-centered workflow for collecting, managing, producing, and sharing geospatial data and maps. Key aspects of the workflow include using geodatabases to manage vector, raster, imagery and other data, tools for cartography and map production, and sharing maps and data through cloud services, web mapping, and national spatial data infrastructures. The goal is to provide a complete solution to support national mapping organizations in creating and maintaining national geospatial databases and products.
ArcGIS for Server allows sharing of GIS resources as web services across organizations. It includes three editions - Basic, Standard, and Advanced - that provide different levels of functionality. It also includes two capacity levels - Workgroup and Enterprise - that determine the maximum storage, connections, and deployment options. The document provides a matrix comparing the editions and levels to help select the appropriate version based on required functionality and capacity needs.
This document provides a functionality matrix to help select the appropriate edition and level of ArcGIS for Server. It describes the core functionality included in each edition such as support for spatially enabled databases, web services, and geoprocessing. It also provides examples of how different editions may be used in scenarios like supporting a large city government with advanced analysis, extensive data, and internal and public applications. The Enterprise Advanced edition is recommended for large organizations with many users and petabytes of imagery requiring advanced analysis.
This document provides a matrix that outlines the functionality and capabilities available with different editions and license levels of ArcGIS for Server 10.2.x. It compares editions based on supported web services, applications, editing tools, geoprocessing, and other functions. It also outlines the capacity limits of the Workgroup and Enterprise license levels in terms of connections, storage, and cores. Use case scenarios are presented to help determine the appropriate edition and level.
ArcGIS 10.2.1 for Desktop Functionality MatrixEsri
ArcGIS 10.2.1 for Desktop allows users to author geographic information, examine relationships in data, analyze data, test predictions, and make better decisions. It includes integrated applications, user interfaces, and a development environment. The license levels are Basic, Standard, and Advanced and provide the same core functionality with increased advanced analysis, geoprocessing, and cartography tools at higher levels. Capabilities include mapping, page layout and printing, publishing and sharing maps and data, automating workflows, labeling, advanced cartography, geocoding, data support and interoperability, and data manipulation and analysis functions.
ArcGIS 10.2.2 for Desktop Functionality MatrixEsri
This document provides a functionality matrix for ArcGIS 10.2.2 for Desktop. It outlines capabilities for mapping, map display, publishing/sharing, geoprocessing, data management, and analysis across the Basic, Standard, and Advanced license levels. Key areas covered include mapping, queries, tables, graphs, routing, visualization of various data types, page layout/printing, sharing maps/data, geocoding, automation, labeling, cartography, editing, geodatabases, networks, metadata, and spatial statistics. The matrix provides a detailed overview of what functions are available at each license level.
ArcGIS is a geographic information system (GIS) platform that allows users to gather, organize, analyze and share spatial data. It can be used on mobile devices, desktops and the web to improve planning, operations and decision-making. ArcGIS includes basemaps, demographic and imagery data. Developers can build custom applications using ArcGIS APIs and SDKs. Esri also offers maintenance programs, training, books and professional services to support ArcGIS users.
Ozri 2013 Brisbane, Australia - Geodatabase EfficienciesWalter Simonazzi
The document discusses best practices for geodatabase design, storage, versioning, and performance management. It provides guidance to a new spatial data administrator, Dave, on assessing his organization's existing spatial data needs, creating a data model and governance plan, importing data, and collaborating with the database administrator to optimize database performance over time. Key topics covered include geodatabase design, storage and migration strategies, when and how to implement versioning, using replication to distribute data, and techniques for maintaining optimal performance such as attribute indexing, statistics, and scheduling maintenance tasks.
This document provides an overview of the ArcObjects libraries available to ArcGIS Desktop developers. It lists the shared assemblies that can also be used by ArcGIS Engine and Server as well as the assemblies exclusive to ArcGIS Desktop. For each assembly, it provides the assembly name, a brief description, and any licensing or deployment notes.
ArcGIS for Server allows sharing of GIS resources as web services across organizations. It includes three editions - Basic, Standard, and Advanced - that provide different levels of functionality. It also includes two capacity levels - Workgroup and Enterprise - that determine the maximum storage, connections, and deployment options. The document provides a matrix comparing the editions and levels to help select the appropriate version based on required functionality and capacity needs.
This document provides a functionality matrix to help select the appropriate edition and level of ArcGIS for Server. It describes the core functionality included in each edition such as support for spatially enabled databases, web services, and geoprocessing. It also provides examples of how different editions may be used in scenarios like supporting a large city government with advanced analysis, extensive data, and internal and public applications. The Enterprise Advanced edition is recommended for large organizations with many users and petabytes of imagery requiring advanced analysis.
This document provides a matrix that outlines the functionality and capabilities available with different editions and license levels of ArcGIS for Server 10.2.x. It compares editions based on supported web services, applications, editing tools, geoprocessing, and other functions. It also outlines the capacity limits of the Workgroup and Enterprise license levels in terms of connections, storage, and cores. Use case scenarios are presented to help determine the appropriate edition and level.
ArcGIS 10.2.1 for Desktop Functionality MatrixEsri
ArcGIS 10.2.1 for Desktop allows users to author geographic information, examine relationships in data, analyze data, test predictions, and make better decisions. It includes integrated applications, user interfaces, and a development environment. The license levels are Basic, Standard, and Advanced and provide the same core functionality with increased advanced analysis, geoprocessing, and cartography tools at higher levels. Capabilities include mapping, page layout and printing, publishing and sharing maps and data, automating workflows, labeling, advanced cartography, geocoding, data support and interoperability, and data manipulation and analysis functions.
ArcGIS 10.2.2 for Desktop Functionality MatrixEsri
This document provides a functionality matrix for ArcGIS 10.2.2 for Desktop. It outlines capabilities for mapping, map display, publishing/sharing, geoprocessing, data management, and analysis across the Basic, Standard, and Advanced license levels. Key areas covered include mapping, queries, tables, graphs, routing, visualization of various data types, page layout/printing, sharing maps/data, geocoding, automation, labeling, cartography, editing, geodatabases, networks, metadata, and spatial statistics. The matrix provides a detailed overview of what functions are available at each license level.
ArcGIS is a geographic information system (GIS) platform that allows users to gather, organize, analyze and share spatial data. It can be used on mobile devices, desktops and the web to improve planning, operations and decision-making. ArcGIS includes basemaps, demographic and imagery data. Developers can build custom applications using ArcGIS APIs and SDKs. Esri also offers maintenance programs, training, books and professional services to support ArcGIS users.
Ozri 2013 Brisbane, Australia - Geodatabase EfficienciesWalter Simonazzi
The document discusses best practices for geodatabase design, storage, versioning, and performance management. It provides guidance to a new spatial data administrator, Dave, on assessing his organization's existing spatial data needs, creating a data model and governance plan, importing data, and collaborating with the database administrator to optimize database performance over time. Key topics covered include geodatabase design, storage and migration strategies, when and how to implement versioning, using replication to distribute data, and techniques for maintaining optimal performance such as attribute indexing, statistics, and scheduling maintenance tasks.
This document provides an overview of the ArcObjects libraries available to ArcGIS Desktop developers. It lists the shared assemblies that can also be used by ArcGIS Engine and Server as well as the assemblies exclusive to ArcGIS Desktop. For each assembly, it provides the assembly name, a brief description, and any licensing or deployment notes.
This document provides an overview and summary of ArcGIS, a geographic information system (GIS) software by Esri. ArcGIS allows users to gather, manage, analyze and share spatial data to better understand relationships and make informed decisions. It can be used for planning, asset management, field work, and more. ArcGIS provides mapping and analysis capabilities across desktop, web, and mobile platforms to enable collaborative sharing of geographic information.
This document provides an overview of enterprise GIS system architecture design. It discusses the system design process, GIS technology, data administration, network communications, and Esri architecture. Key aspects of system performance including software, hardware, and virtualization are also covered. The document concludes with an example of using Esri's Capacity Planning Tool to help with system design.
The document summarizes a session from the 2011 Esri European User Conference in Madrid on data management and data exchange using geodatabases and interoperability. The session covered an overview of Esri geodatabases, geodatabase workflows and editing, database administration, and approaches for data storage and connection. Geodatabase concepts discussed included features, feature classes, relationships, and complex data types. Versioning, replication, and conflict resolution in a multi-user editing environment were also summarized.
Enterprise geodatabase sql access and administrationbrentpierce
The document provides an overview of accessing and administering an enterprise geodatabase through SQL and Python. It discusses how the geodatabase is based on relational database principles with user data stored in tables and system metadata stored in system tables. It describes how spatial types store geometry data and the benefits of using SQL to access and edit geodatabase content. The document also outlines how Python can be used for geodatabase administration tasks like schema creation, maintenance, and publishing tools.
H-GAC proposes to redesign and implement its geodatabase in 2008 by migrating from Oracle to Microsoft SQL Server. This will centralize GIS data in ArcSDE for easier backup, management, and sharing. Departments will share regional data with Data Services for a global geodatabase, and have their own SQL databases. The implementation will establish naming conventions and update procedures to keep data organized and current. Data Services aims to have the production SQL database completed by June 2008 to improve data storage and distribution.
This document provides an agenda and summary for a Data Analytics Meetup (DAM) on March 27, 2018. The agenda covers topics such as disruption opportunities in a changing data landscape, transitioning from traditional to modern BI architectures using Azure, Azure SQL Database vs Data Warehouse, data integration with Azure Data Factory and SSIS, Analysis Services, Power BI reporting, and a wrap-up. The document discusses challenges around data growth, digital transformation, and the shrinking time for companies to adapt to disruption. It provides overviews and comparisons of Azure SQL Database, Data Warehouse, and related Azure services to help modernize analytics architectures.
Presentations from IMGS at Local Government User Group session on 11/09/2012.
Includes presentations on Location Publisher updates, GeoMedia Smartclient, Leica Geosystems and ERDAS Imagine and Apollo
The document outlines the agenda for a presentation on new features in SQL Server 2008. It will cover enhancements and new capabilities in T-SQL, SQL Server Management Studio, the SQL Database Engine, SQL Reporting Services, SQL Server Integration Services, and SQL Server Analysis Services. Demonstrations will be provided for several of the new features.
This document contains the resume of Ramesh, who has over 5 years of experience in SAP EIM technologies including SAP Data Services, SAP Information Steward, and SAP HANA. He has extensive experience designing and implementing ETL processes, data integration projects, data governance solutions, and reporting dashboards. Ramesh has worked on multiple projects for clients in various industries.
This document provides a summary of Samuel Bayeta's qualifications and experience. It outlines his expertise in SQL Server, BI development, data modeling, ETL processes, and report design. It also lists his educational background in electrical engineering and over 5 years of experience as a SQL Server/BI developer for several companies, demonstrating skills in SQL, SSIS, SSRS, and data warehousing.
This document provides an overview of Microsoft Business Intelligence tools including SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS), SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS), and SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS). It discusses how these tools are used to extract, transform, and load data from various sources into a centralized data warehouse for analysis and reporting. It also provides brief descriptions of the key features and functions of each tool in the reporting development lifecycle.
The document provides an introduction to Microsoft Business Intelligence (MSBI). It discusses how MSBI addresses the needs of users by integrating data across networks, providing summarized and historical data to help understand organizational health, and enabling 'what-if' analysis. It describes the MSBI architecture and how it uses SQL Server Integration Services, SQL Server Analysis Services, and SQL Server Reporting Services to move data between sources and destinations, perform online analytical processing to build cubes for analysis, and deliver reports, respectively. The document also compares MSBI to other BI tools and argues it provides the most reliable solution at the lowest total cost.
Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) allows users to create, manage, and view reports. It includes components like data sources, datasets, reports, output formats, delivery targets, and a metadata database. Reports can be authored in Visual Studio and deployed to a report server. When executed, the report server retrieves data from the data source, processes the report definition, and delivers outputs like HTML, Excel, PDF etc. to users on demand or via scheduled subscriptions.
SSAS, MDX , Cube understanding, Browsing and Tools information Vishal Pawar
Why we need SSAS Cube
What is SSAS Cube
Way to access Cube
What is Dimension and Attributes
QHP Dimension and Attributes
Process Flow and QHP Cube Browsing
MDX Basics
MDX Tools
Comparison of Queries Written in T-SQL and MDX with Construct
MDX –How to add where condition
SQL Server 2016 introduces several new features for In-Memory OLTP including support for up to 2 TB of user data in memory, system-versioned tables, row-level security, and Transparent Data Encryption. The in-memory processing has also been updated to support more T-SQL functionality such as foreign keys, LOB data types, outer joins, and subqueries. The garbage collection process for removing unused memory has also been improved.
This document contains the resume of Ramesh, who has over 5 years of experience in SAP EIM technologies like BODS, BODI, Information Steward, and HANA. He has extensive experience designing and implementing ETL processes to extract, transform, and load data from various source systems into data warehouses. Ramesh has worked on multiple projects involving SAP data integration, data governance, and BI reporting.
SQL Server 2008 R2 introduces several new features and enhancements including improved scalability, manageability, reporting, and data compression. Some key highlights include support for more than 64 CPUs, Unicode data compression, the SQL Server Utility for managing multiple instances, data-tier applications to define database objects as a single unit, and new reporting features like maps, spatial data visualization, and Atom data feeds. The presentation provides an overview of new capabilities in SQL Server 2008 R2 and highlights several major areas of enhancement compared to SQL Server 2008.
1. The document outlines the agenda for the Consortium for Spatial Information (CSI) Business Meeting, including presentations on CSI's activities in 2009-2010, a new agreement with ESRI, re-launching the CSI website, and developing strategic spatial data layers and a sub-national poverty map.
2. It discusses CSI's potential role as a repository for key CGIAR spatial datasets and an auditor of these layers. It also covers developing a CSI Agricultural Development Atlas and indicators for screening agricultural challenges, opportunities, and drivers of change geographically.
3. The meeting will include electing a new CSI Coordinator and discussing developing GIS professional capacity in Africa and focusing CSI regionally
This document provides an overview and summary of ArcGIS, a geographic information system (GIS) software by Esri. ArcGIS allows users to gather, manage, analyze and share spatial data to better understand relationships and make informed decisions. It can be used for planning, asset management, field work, and more. ArcGIS provides mapping and analysis capabilities across desktop, web, and mobile platforms to enable collaborative sharing of geographic information.
This document provides an overview of enterprise GIS system architecture design. It discusses the system design process, GIS technology, data administration, network communications, and Esri architecture. Key aspects of system performance including software, hardware, and virtualization are also covered. The document concludes with an example of using Esri's Capacity Planning Tool to help with system design.
The document summarizes a session from the 2011 Esri European User Conference in Madrid on data management and data exchange using geodatabases and interoperability. The session covered an overview of Esri geodatabases, geodatabase workflows and editing, database administration, and approaches for data storage and connection. Geodatabase concepts discussed included features, feature classes, relationships, and complex data types. Versioning, replication, and conflict resolution in a multi-user editing environment were also summarized.
Enterprise geodatabase sql access and administrationbrentpierce
The document provides an overview of accessing and administering an enterprise geodatabase through SQL and Python. It discusses how the geodatabase is based on relational database principles with user data stored in tables and system metadata stored in system tables. It describes how spatial types store geometry data and the benefits of using SQL to access and edit geodatabase content. The document also outlines how Python can be used for geodatabase administration tasks like schema creation, maintenance, and publishing tools.
H-GAC proposes to redesign and implement its geodatabase in 2008 by migrating from Oracle to Microsoft SQL Server. This will centralize GIS data in ArcSDE for easier backup, management, and sharing. Departments will share regional data with Data Services for a global geodatabase, and have their own SQL databases. The implementation will establish naming conventions and update procedures to keep data organized and current. Data Services aims to have the production SQL database completed by June 2008 to improve data storage and distribution.
This document provides an agenda and summary for a Data Analytics Meetup (DAM) on March 27, 2018. The agenda covers topics such as disruption opportunities in a changing data landscape, transitioning from traditional to modern BI architectures using Azure, Azure SQL Database vs Data Warehouse, data integration with Azure Data Factory and SSIS, Analysis Services, Power BI reporting, and a wrap-up. The document discusses challenges around data growth, digital transformation, and the shrinking time for companies to adapt to disruption. It provides overviews and comparisons of Azure SQL Database, Data Warehouse, and related Azure services to help modernize analytics architectures.
Presentations from IMGS at Local Government User Group session on 11/09/2012.
Includes presentations on Location Publisher updates, GeoMedia Smartclient, Leica Geosystems and ERDAS Imagine and Apollo
The document outlines the agenda for a presentation on new features in SQL Server 2008. It will cover enhancements and new capabilities in T-SQL, SQL Server Management Studio, the SQL Database Engine, SQL Reporting Services, SQL Server Integration Services, and SQL Server Analysis Services. Demonstrations will be provided for several of the new features.
This document contains the resume of Ramesh, who has over 5 years of experience in SAP EIM technologies including SAP Data Services, SAP Information Steward, and SAP HANA. He has extensive experience designing and implementing ETL processes, data integration projects, data governance solutions, and reporting dashboards. Ramesh has worked on multiple projects for clients in various industries.
This document provides a summary of Samuel Bayeta's qualifications and experience. It outlines his expertise in SQL Server, BI development, data modeling, ETL processes, and report design. It also lists his educational background in electrical engineering and over 5 years of experience as a SQL Server/BI developer for several companies, demonstrating skills in SQL, SSIS, SSRS, and data warehousing.
This document provides an overview of Microsoft Business Intelligence tools including SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS), SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS), and SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS). It discusses how these tools are used to extract, transform, and load data from various sources into a centralized data warehouse for analysis and reporting. It also provides brief descriptions of the key features and functions of each tool in the reporting development lifecycle.
The document provides an introduction to Microsoft Business Intelligence (MSBI). It discusses how MSBI addresses the needs of users by integrating data across networks, providing summarized and historical data to help understand organizational health, and enabling 'what-if' analysis. It describes the MSBI architecture and how it uses SQL Server Integration Services, SQL Server Analysis Services, and SQL Server Reporting Services to move data between sources and destinations, perform online analytical processing to build cubes for analysis, and deliver reports, respectively. The document also compares MSBI to other BI tools and argues it provides the most reliable solution at the lowest total cost.
Microsoft SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS) allows users to create, manage, and view reports. It includes components like data sources, datasets, reports, output formats, delivery targets, and a metadata database. Reports can be authored in Visual Studio and deployed to a report server. When executed, the report server retrieves data from the data source, processes the report definition, and delivers outputs like HTML, Excel, PDF etc. to users on demand or via scheduled subscriptions.
SSAS, MDX , Cube understanding, Browsing and Tools information Vishal Pawar
Why we need SSAS Cube
What is SSAS Cube
Way to access Cube
What is Dimension and Attributes
QHP Dimension and Attributes
Process Flow and QHP Cube Browsing
MDX Basics
MDX Tools
Comparison of Queries Written in T-SQL and MDX with Construct
MDX –How to add where condition
SQL Server 2016 introduces several new features for In-Memory OLTP including support for up to 2 TB of user data in memory, system-versioned tables, row-level security, and Transparent Data Encryption. The in-memory processing has also been updated to support more T-SQL functionality such as foreign keys, LOB data types, outer joins, and subqueries. The garbage collection process for removing unused memory has also been improved.
This document contains the resume of Ramesh, who has over 5 years of experience in SAP EIM technologies like BODS, BODI, Information Steward, and HANA. He has extensive experience designing and implementing ETL processes to extract, transform, and load data from various source systems into data warehouses. Ramesh has worked on multiple projects involving SAP data integration, data governance, and BI reporting.
SQL Server 2008 R2 introduces several new features and enhancements including improved scalability, manageability, reporting, and data compression. Some key highlights include support for more than 64 CPUs, Unicode data compression, the SQL Server Utility for managing multiple instances, data-tier applications to define database objects as a single unit, and new reporting features like maps, spatial data visualization, and Atom data feeds. The presentation provides an overview of new capabilities in SQL Server 2008 R2 and highlights several major areas of enhancement compared to SQL Server 2008.
1. The document outlines the agenda for the Consortium for Spatial Information (CSI) Business Meeting, including presentations on CSI's activities in 2009-2010, a new agreement with ESRI, re-launching the CSI website, and developing strategic spatial data layers and a sub-national poverty map.
2. It discusses CSI's potential role as a repository for key CGIAR spatial datasets and an auditor of these layers. It also covers developing a CSI Agricultural Development Atlas and indicators for screening agricultural challenges, opportunities, and drivers of change geographically.
3. The meeting will include electing a new CSI Coordinator and discussing developing GIS professional capacity in Africa and focusing CSI regionally
This document contains 4 stories from early adopters of ArcGIS Online in higher education that demonstrate how it has been used successfully in a variety of courses. The first story describes how Southwestern College used ArcGIS Online projects to introduce geospatial concepts to general education students in earth science courses. The second story details how the University of Oregon used ArcGIS Online to simulate a cholera outbreak on campus for students in a freshman digital earth course. The third story outlines how Murray State University incorporated ArcGIS Online into its business and marketing curriculum. The fourth story discusses how the University of South Carolina used Story Maps in ArcGIS Online for student capstone projects.
This book includes stories from educators detailing the many ways ArcGIS Online supports critical thinking, global awareness, information competency, communication, and collaboration in higher education.
El documento describe el proyecto smartUJI para crear un campus inteligente en la Universitat Jaume I. Se recopilaron datos espaciales, alfanuméricos y de sensores para generar servicios como mapas, búsquedas y geoprocesamiento. Se desarrollaron aplicaciones como un catálogo, visor 3D, monitoreo de energía y rutas. El trabajo futuro incluye incorporar datos vectoriales, raster, 3D y de sensores ciudadanos para mejorar la transparencia y desarrollar nuevas aplicaciones.
INIA- CISA: Análisis de las amenazas en la fauna silvestreEsri
El documento describe cómo un centro de investigación utilizó herramientas SIG para analizar datos sobre animales silvestres ingresados en un centro de recuperación con el fin de identificar especies, áreas y períodos con mayor riesgo de amenazas y sus relaciones con factores humanos y ambientales. Esto permitió enfocar medidas correctivas de manera más eficiente para conservar la fauna silvestre y prevenir amenazas. En particular, se analizó el riesgo de colisión de rapaces nocturnas con vehículos, identificando las zonas de mayor
Farming the Future: GIS for Agriculture, Vol. 2Esri
The USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) uses GIS technology to sustain national food supply and security. APHIS developed an enterprise-wide Integrated Plant Health Information System (IPHIS) using GIS to track and respond to potential pest and disease threats across states. IPHIS allows real-time sharing of plant health data between federal, state, and industry partners. By analyzing spatial patterns of invasive species infestations, APHIS can better control outbreaks and protect US agriculture. The comprehensive, integrated data in IPHIS supports rapid response critical to APHIS's mission of safeguarding the nation's food supply.
Operational Agriculture Monitoring System Using Remote SensingMary Adel
This document discusses using remote sensing for operational agricultural monitoring. It describes how remote sensing can be applied to monitor vegetation, soil, forests, and land cover. Applications of remote sensing discussed include crop type identification, crop condition assessment, crop area estimation, crop growth monitoring, crop yield prediction, and crop damage assessment. The document outlines methodologies for crop area estimation, crop growth monitoring, and crop yield estimation that utilize remote sensing data like NDVI. It also discusses using field networks for validation and improving monitoring accuracy.
Thousands of organizations in both the public and private sectors have incorporated geographic information system (GIS) technology into their daily operations. As the ten case studies in this e-book illustrate, the uses for this technology continue to evolve at a rapid rate.
Application of gis and remote sensing in agricultureRehana Qureshi
This document summarizes the applications of remote sensing and GIS in agriculture as presented by Rehana Khaliq. It discusses how GIS systems capture and analyze geospatial data to integrate information and perform analysis. Remote sensing is defined as obtaining information about objects without physical contact using sensors. The document outlines how remote sensing and GIS have been applied to agriculture for tasks like crop mapping and monitoring, yield estimation, and precision agriculture. It also discusses their applications in forestry, land use mapping, and urban planning. While remote sensing provides valuable data, it notes that measurement errors and data interpretation can sometimes be challenging. In conclusion, the document argues that remote sensing and GIS are promising tools to enhance sustainable agriculture and development through
Application of Remote Sensing in AgricultureUTTAM KUMAR
Remote sensing has been found to be a valuable tool in evaluation, monitoring and management of land, water and crop resources. The launching of the Indian remote sensing satellite (IRS) has enhanced the capabilities for better utilization of this technology and significant progress has been made in soil and land cover mapping, land degradation studies, monitoring of waste land, assessment of crop conditions crop acreage and production estimates
This document provides an overview of geographical information systems (GIS), including definitions of GIS, its basic principles and components, data types used in GIS (vector and raster), advantages and applications of GIS. Specifically, it defines GIS as a computer system for capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatially referenced data. It describes the key principles of data capture, management, analysis and visualization. It outlines the typical hardware, software and data components of a GIS, and differentiates between vector and raster data types. Finally, it discusses advantages like accurate representation and analysis, and applications across different domains.
1. GIS is useful for irrigation and agriculture by identifying suitable cultivation areas, classifying soil types for different crops, and assessing water availability and demand over space and time.
2. Remote sensing and GIS allow for irrigation water management through determining crop types, yields, problems like waterlogging, and evaluating irrigation system performance.
3. Various maps generated by remote sensing, like soil type, crop coverage, rivers/canals, land use, and contours, can be analyzed in GIS to plan, maintain, and improve irrigation systems.
ArcGIS for Water Utilities is a collection of Esri products configured specifically for water utilities. It includes maps and apps to support common water utility workflows such as maintaining asset information, designing capital projects, optimizing field operations, understanding operations status, and connecting with customers. These workflows integrate the common GIS patterns of asset management, planning and analysis, field mobility, operational awareness, and constituent engagement. The ArcGIS platform allows water utilities to deploy these solutions to unlock benefits and efficiently manage their operations.
Lidar Analysis in ArcGIS® 10.0 for Forestry ApplicationsGordon Sumerling
The Point File Information tool in ArcGIS helps analysts quality check raw lidar data by reporting statistics on lidar files, including their bounding shapes, point counts, spacing, and elevation ranges. Any anomalies in file shapes or spacing identified through this tool should be investigated further. Checking raw lidar data with this tool helps ensure data quality before performing further analysis.
Esri Location Analytics: Four Implementation ModelsEsri
This document describes four models for implementing Esri Location Analytics:
1. A cloud model using only ArcGIS Online
2. A hybrid cloud/on-premises model using ArcGIS Online and ArcGIS for Server
3. A hybrid model using ArcGIS Online and Portal for ArcGIS on-premises
4. An on-premises model using only Portal for ArcGIS
It discusses the products involved, security considerations for each model, and when sensitive data may be transmitted outside an organization's firewall.
Progress OpenEdge database administration guide and referenceVinh Nguyen
The document is a guide and reference for Progress Database Administration. It discusses Progress database architecture, storage design, configuration variables, limits, and procedures for creating and deleting databases. The guide contains information to help plan, administer, and optimize Progress databases.
This document discusses issues with processing large volumes of data and proposes an enterprise data warehouse architecture capable of handling big data. It aims to explain integrating Hadoop into existing data warehouses.
The first chapter introduces challenges of increased data volume, variety and velocity. It discusses skill shortages in big data and analytics. Existing data warehouses are built for reporting but not analyzing large, unaggregated data.
The second chapter outlines requirements for a new architecture and proposes a multi-platform data warehouse environment incorporating Hadoop. It describes Hadoop components like HDFS, YARN, Hive and tools like Sqoop.
The third chapter focuses on integrating Hadoop into existing data warehouses by implementing star schemas in Hive, addressing security,
This document discusses moving from batch processing of data using MapReduce jobs to real-time event-driven collection of analytical data. It analyzes data sets from a company called Kivra to determine if a traditional SQL database could handle the scale needed. Tests show the technique of using an asynchronous logging system to insert real-time event data into a SQL database can efficiently handle over 1 million insertions per hour per database node while still providing historical and aggregated data for analysis. The resulting system provides improved scalability over the previous batch-based approach.
Esri Maps for IBM Cognos is a solution that integrates Esri maps into IBM Cognos business intelligence reports. It allows IBM Cognos users to easily add dynamic maps to their reports and dashboards. The solution includes components for report authors to design map-enabled reports using drag-and-drop tools with no coding required. It also provides various features for consuming maps within reports such as thematic shading of data, point symbolization, heat maps, and linking map interactions to updates in other report objects. The integration leverages existing Esri map services and IBM Cognos data to deliver spatial analytics capabilities to business users.
CS8075 - Data Warehousing and Data Mining (Ripped from Amazon Kindle eBooks b...vinoth raja
This document provides an overview of data warehousing and online analytical processing (OLAP). It discusses the overall architecture of a data warehouse including the data warehouse database, sourcing and transformation tools, metadata, access tools, administration, and delivery systems. It also covers building a data warehouse including business, design, technical, and implementation considerations. Database architectures for parallel processing like shared everything, shared disk, and shared-nothing architectures are described. Common data warehouse schemas like the star schema and multidimensional data model are explained. Finally, the document discusses the characteristics of OLAP systems and typical OLAP operations.
This document provides an overview of the CRISP-DM (Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining) methodology for data mining projects. It describes the origins and development of CRISP-DM through a consortium seeking to standardize best practices. The document outlines the six main phases of CRISP-DM: business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment. It provides details on the tasks and goals within each phase to guide users through a data mining project.
This document provides an introduction to the SyteLine 7 user interface training guide. It outlines principles for successful learning, including the importance of doing detailed and big picture activities before and after class. It also provides an overview of the manual's structure and how it applies a training model. Navigation aids for SyteLine are summarized, including hot keys and how to use the power bar. Finally, the document establishes the objectives and prerequisites for the course.
This document provides an introduction to the SyteLine 7 user interface training guide. It outlines principles for successful learning, including the importance of doing detailed and big picture activities before and after class. It also provides an overview of the manual's structure and how it applies a training model. Navigation aids for SyteLine are summarized, including hot keys and how to use the power bar. Finally, the document outlines the objectives and prerequisites for the course.
This document is the reference manual for Sybase SQL Server Release 11.0. It contains information about commands, functions, topics and other elements of the software. The manual is intended for technical users of Sybase SQL Server who need detailed reference information about the capabilities and proper usage of the database system. It provides a roadmap of key areas to help users navigate the complex functionality within multiple volumes.
How ArcGIS for the Military Supports Maritime OperationsEsri
ArcGIS for the Military—Maritime Operations provides a complete geospatial platform for maritime operations with the following key components:
- Servers, portals, and basemaps to store, manage, visualize and share geospatial data.
- Operational map and application templates to simplify the creation of custom maps and applications.
- Support for desktop, server, cloud, mobile, and open standard technologies within a common information model.
Best Practices for Building and Deploying Data Pipelines in Apache SparkDatabricks
Many data pipelines share common characteristics and are often built in similar but bespoke ways, even within a single organisation. In this talk, we will outline the key considerations which need to be applied when building data pipelines, such as performance, idempotency, reproducibility, and tackling the small file problem. We’ll work towards describing a common Data Engineering toolkit which separates these concerns from business logic code, allowing non-Data-Engineers (e.g. Business Analysts and Data Scientists) to define data pipelines without worrying about the nitty-gritty production considerations.
We’ll then introduce an implementation of such a toolkit in the form of Waimak, our open-source library for Apache Spark (https://github.com/CoxAutomotiveDataSolutions/waimak), which has massively shortened our route from prototype to production. Finally, we’ll define new approaches and best practices about what we believe is the most overlooked aspect of Data Engineering: deploying data pipelines.
Research & Innovation and user-centered solutions have been the hallmark of our growth, reflecting our culture of technology and shared ideas. Since 2007, we have fostered a culture of innovation and creativity by delivering the solutions that our clients need to succeed.
TimeXtender is the leading Data Warehouse Automation on Microsoft SQL platform. The enclosed presentation provides you with a list of the features and functionality available.
This document discusses how data is structured and modeled in databases and data warehouses. It introduces concepts like left-to-right entity relationship diagrams and data model depth. It examines how characteristics like model depth, data volumes, and complexity affect areas like reporting structures, data warehouse design, ETL processes, data quality, and query performance. Understanding these characteristics helps reduce their negative impacts and lower project costs.
ArcGIS for Desktop is a software that allows users to manage and analyze geospatial data, create maps and perform advanced spatial analysis. It provides tools for data management, cartography, visualization, geoprocessing and custom application development. Optional extensions further expand its analytical capabilities. Ready-to-use geospatial data is also available to help users get started.
This document provides an introduction to the Netezza database appliance, including its architecture and key components. The Netezza uses an Asymmetric Massively Parallel Processing (AMPP) architecture with an array of servers (S-Blades) connected to disks. Each S-Blade contains a Database Accelerator card that offloads processing from the CPU. The document outlines the various hardware components and how they work together to process queries in parallel. It also defines common Netezza objects like users, groups, tables and databases that can be created and managed.
Comparaison entre les technologies de Big Data. Article très détaillé et très apprécié par les lecteurs/ The second most cited. Big Data définitions, applications et challenges, Hadoop ecosystem et Hadoop distributions. Bonne lecture.
Aena Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez-Barajas crea potentes aplicaciones para sus cli...Esri
Aena Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez-Barajas creó aplicaciones personalizadas para sus clientes internos utilizando ArcGIS, aprovechando su experiencia previa. Estas nuevas aplicaciones son fáciles de usar y gestionar, y permiten responder más rápidamente a las necesidades de los usuarios. Ahora los usuarios internos y externos tienen acceso a herramientas de mapeo actualizadas que mejoran la eficiencia de las operaciones en el aeropuerto.
El Ayuntamiento de Móstoles implementó una plataforma Smart City utilizando ArcGIS para mejorar la eficiencia, permitir la participación ciudadana y gestionar los activos municipales en tiempo real. La solución integró toda la información municipal en una sola plataforma e incorporó sensores para supervisar servicios como el alumbrado público. Además, una aplicación permite a los ciudadanos reportar incidencias y el ayuntamiento responder más rápido, ahorrando costos.
ArcGIS Online es una plataforma en la nube que permite crear y compartir mapas, aplicaciones y datos geográficos. Los usuarios pueden publicar y almacenar servicios web en la nube, crear mapas interactivos a partir de datos como hojas de cálculo, y colaborar y compartir contenido con otros mediante grupos privados o públicos.
Portal for ArcGIS is a content management system that provides a framework to easily manage and secure geographic assets within an organization. It extends the reach of GIS to everyone in an organization, enabling better decision making. Portal for ArcGIS can be used to implement web GIS on-premises or in the cloud for organizations with specialized security requirements. It will be included with ArcGIS for Server Standard and Advanced starting at version 10.3.
GIS-Based Web Services Provide Rapid Analysis and Dissemination of Maritime DataEsri
The Royal Australian Navy's Hydrography, Meteorology and Oceanography Branch is responsible for collecting, managing, analyzing, and disseminating meteorological and oceanographic data to enable defense users to properly consider environmental impacts. This data comes in large volumes and various formats. Using ArcGIS for Server and custom scripts, the branch can serve this data as OGC web services, including nautical charts and bathymetry as WMS and netCDF weather data as WMS and WCS. This allows for rapid analysis and dissemination of data to gain knowledge of the battlespace and environment.
An Effective Tool for Drinking Water ProtectionEsri
The document discusses ICWater, a tool developed by Leidos to predict the spread and impact of hazardous material releases in river systems. ICWater forecasts (1) where contaminants will travel, (2) if they will reach drinking water intakes, (3) when they will arrive, and (4) if concentrations will threaten human health. It interfaces with USGS stream gauges and databases on infrastructure to provide timely information to decision makers. ICWater successfully modeled the 2014 Elk River chemical spill in West Virginia to advise authorities and protect drinking water.
GeoCollector for ArcPad is a mobile GIS solution that combines Esri's ArcPad software with Trimble GPS hardware to improve the accuracy of collected location data. It provides field workers with a rugged tablet equipped with an integrated GPS receiver and ArcPad software for mapping and data collection. This solution allows organizations to make timely decisions based on reliable location information gathered by field staff.
GeoCollector for ArcGIS for Windows Mobile is a mobile GIS solution that combines Esri's GIS software with Trimble's GPS hardware to improve the accuracy of collected data. It allows field workers to visualize maps, collect geo-located data, and integrate accurate location information into organizational decision making. The solution includes a Trimble Geo 7X handheld device with integrated GPS receiver and ArcGIS for Windows Mobile software for mobile field mapping and data collection with minimal training.
Data Appliance for ArcGIS is an enterprise solution that provides high performance and secure access to terabytes of preloaded geospatial data stored on a network-attached storage device. It includes global basemaps that allow users to immediately build mapping applications. Organizations can publish maps and build apps to share securely behind their firewall. A server bundle is also available for organizations that do not have ArcGIS for Server.
This document describes new premium imagery services from Esri and BlackBridge that provide continuously updated 5-band, 5-meter imagery for use in ArcGIS. The services include a Living Image Basemap service sourced from BlackBridge's RapidEye constellation, regional Mosaics services with virtually cloud-free hand-picked images, and a Living Image Multispectral service providing temporal multispectral imagery through online services.
GeoPlanner for ArcGIS is a web-based app that helps users create, assess, and share planning designs using the geographic knowledge and tools of the ArcGIS platform. It allows users to bring in their own planning data, sketch design plans, compare alternative designs using dashboards, and enable collaboration throughout the planning process. GeoPlanner incorporates each aspect of a geodesign workflow into a single app so that designers, evaluators, and the public can assess the impacts of various scenarios. The app runs on both desktop and mobile devices with touch-enabled tools, supporting planning and design access from anywhere.
This document summarizes an Esri and AccuWeather partnership that provides weather data and warnings through ArcGIS Online. It allows key personnel to access real-time weather reports and warnings to communicate updates. The partnership protects people, property, and assets from severe weather threats with AccuWeather warnings developed by meteorologists. ArcGIS tools can analyze weather data to understand weather impacts and help determine emergency procedures. AccuWeather aims to provide the earliest warnings to enact procedures and save lives.
Esri and Airbus Defense & Space provide imagery products and services including thematic imagery layers with region-specific basemaps and fresh 50cm resolution orthorectified imagery. Their site monitoring service analyzes changes at targeted sites on a daily, weekly or monthly basis and delivers a detailed change detection report as an ArcGIS image service and Story Map app. Their satellite tasking and archive app allows users to task Airbus Defense & Space satellites to acquire new imagery over areas of interest or order images from the archive, with images delivered as an ArcGIS image service.
This document provides a summary of various US demographic and business data sources available from Esri, including descriptions, frequencies of updates, and data vintages. It describes datasets covering topics such as population, households, income, businesses, retail sales, crime, banking and demographics. The data comes from sources including the US Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Dun & Bradstreet and other public and private organizations. Most datasets are updated annually, with some updated decennially, quarterly or semiannually.
ArcGIS for Server on Microsoft Azure JumpstartEsri
This document discusses ArcGIS for Server on Microsoft Azure and the ArcGIS for Server on Microsoft Azure Jumpstart offering from Esri. It provides an overview of deploying ArcGIS for Server in the Microsoft Azure cloud, including advantages such as lower hardware costs, automatic scaling, and leveraging the Azure management portal. It then describes the Jumpstart as providing on-site support and training to help customers get started with ArcGIS Server on Azure, including orientation, VM setup, data loading, service creation, and custom VM configuration. It notes that Esri Professional Services can determine if the Jumpstart is a good fit or provide custom services if additional needs exist. The Jumpstart can be purchased through Esri Professional Services or a customer's
ArcGIS provides tools and capabilities to enable naval units to operate self-sufficiently in remote locations with limited bandwidth. It allows warfighters to access and analyze geospatial data through familiar applications like dashboards and Microsoft Office. The ArcGIS platform delivers low-cost and interoperable solutions to support maritime operations and command and control decisions. It helps transform raw data into actionable intelligence through geoanalytics and visualization.
Esri Geoportal Server is an open source product that enables discovery and use of geospatial resources like datasets, rasters, and web services. It helps organizations manage and publish metadata for their geospatial resources so users can discover and connect to those resources. Key features include supporting international standards, cataloging GIS resources regardless of location or type, and facilitating discovery through a customizable geoportal web interface.
GeoEvent Extension for Server allows users to connect streaming sensor data to GIS applications in real time to monitor assets and alert personnel of specified conditions. It can process and filter multiple data streams using user-defined rules, and includes connectors for common sensors. Key benefits include incorporating real-time data into existing GIS systems to show updated information and detect important spatial or attribute events. The software can be integrated with various monitoring applications and deployed on-premises or in the cloud.
The NATO Core Geographic Services system provides centralized geospatial capabilities for NATO forces through an enterprise GIS. It was implemented in 2006 to replace outdated, disconnected legacy systems and provide standardized geospatial data, products, services and software across NATO headquarters. The system delivers centralized cartographic, GIS and mapping services through desktop and web applications to over 18 NATO headquarters around the world, allowing all NATO staff to access the same strategic geospatial information. It is based on Esri ArcGIS software and uses open standards to enable interoperability with other NATO systems. The system provides critical geospatial support for NATO missions worldwide.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Discover top-tier mobile app development services, offering innovative solutions for iOS and Android. Enhance your business with custom, user-friendly mobile applications.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
5th LF Energy Power Grid Model Meet-up SlidesDanBrown980551
5th Power Grid Model Meet-up
It is with great pleasure that we extend to you an invitation to the 5th Power Grid Model Meet-up, scheduled for 6th June 2024. This event will adopt a hybrid format, allowing participants to join us either through an online Mircosoft Teams session or in person at TU/e located at Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven, Netherlands. The meet-up will be hosted by Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), a research university specializing in engineering science & technology.
Power Grid Model
The global energy transition is placing new and unprecedented demands on Distribution System Operators (DSOs). Alongside upgrades to grid capacity, processes such as digitization, capacity optimization, and congestion management are becoming vital for delivering reliable services.
Power Grid Model is an open source project from Linux Foundation Energy and provides a calculation engine that is increasingly essential for DSOs. It offers a standards-based foundation enabling real-time power systems analysis, simulations of electrical power grids, and sophisticated what-if analysis. In addition, it enables in-depth studies and analysis of the electrical power grid’s behavior and performance. This comprehensive model incorporates essential factors such as power generation capacity, electrical losses, voltage levels, power flows, and system stability.
Power Grid Model is currently being applied in a wide variety of use cases, including grid planning, expansion, reliability, and congestion studies. It can also help in analyzing the impact of renewable energy integration, assessing the effects of disturbances or faults, and developing strategies for grid control and optimization.
What to expect
For the upcoming meetup we are organizing, we have an exciting lineup of activities planned:
-Insightful presentations covering two practical applications of the Power Grid Model.
-An update on the latest advancements in Power Grid -Model technology during the first and second quarters of 2024.
-An interactive brainstorming session to discuss and propose new feature requests.
-An opportunity to connect with fellow Power Grid Model enthusiasts and users.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/how-axelera-ai-uses-digital-compute-in-memory-to-deliver-fast-and-energy-efficient-computer-vision-a-presentation-from-axelera-ai/
Bram Verhoef, Head of Machine Learning at Axelera AI, presents the “How Axelera AI Uses Digital Compute-in-memory to Deliver Fast and Energy-efficient Computer Vision” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
As artificial intelligence inference transitions from cloud environments to edge locations, computer vision applications achieve heightened responsiveness, reliability and privacy. This migration, however, introduces the challenge of operating within the stringent confines of resource constraints typical at the edge, including small form factors, low energy budgets and diminished memory and computational capacities. Axelera AI addresses these challenges through an innovative approach of performing digital computations within memory itself. This technique facilitates the realization of high-performance, energy-efficient and cost-effective computer vision capabilities at the thin and thick edge, extending the frontier of what is achievable with current technologies.
In this presentation, Verhoef unveils his company’s pioneering chip technology and demonstrates its capacity to deliver exceptional frames-per-second performance across a range of standard computer vision networks typical of applications in security, surveillance and the industrial sector. This shows that advanced computer vision can be accessible and efficient, even at the very edge of our technological ecosystem.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
3. J-10090
Esri White Paper i
GIS for National Mapping
An Esri White Paper
Contents Page
Introduction........................................................................................... 1
Scope............................................................................................... 1
NMOs.............................................................................................. 1
Challenges and Opportunities......................................................... 1
Spatial Data Infrastructure.............................................................. 1
Vision for NMOs ............................................................................ 2
ArcGIS............................................................................................ 2
Esri Approach ....................................................................................... 3
Database-Centered Workflow......................................................... 3
Collect....................................................................................... 3
Manage...................................................................................... 3
Produce ..................................................................................... 3
Share ......................................................................................... 3
Collect................................................................................................... 4
Field Survey.................................................................................... 4
GPS Survey..................................................................................... 4
Map Scan and Vectorize................................................................. 4
Imagery ........................................................................................... 4
Photogrammetry.............................................................................. 5
CAD Data........................................................................................ 5
Extract, Transform, and Load......................................................... 5
Lidar and Point Clouds ................................................................... 5
Manage.................................................................................................. 5
Geodatabase.................................................................................... 5
Vector Features......................................................................... 6
Relationships............................................................................. 6
Raster Data................................................................................ 6
Lidar and Terrains..................................................................... 6
3D Volumes and City Models................................................... 6
Networks................................................................................... 6
Fabrics....................................................................................... 6
4. GIS for National Mapping
J-10090
Contents Page
June 2012 ii
Schema............................................................................................ 6
Quality and Integrity....................................................................... 6
Structure and Topology................................................................... 7
Parcel Fabric ................................................................................... 7
Versions and Transactions.............................................................. 7
History and Archiving..................................................................... 7
Replication...................................................................................... 7
Backup/Recovery............................................................................ 8
Scalability ....................................................................................... 8
Produce ................................................................................................. 8
Cartography and Map Production................................................... 8
Cartographic Representations................................................... 8
Priorities, Masking, and Transparency ..................................... 9
Text, Labels, and Annotation.................................................... 9
Layouts...................................................................................... 9
Sheet Series and Atlases ........................................................... 9
Export and Prepress .................................................................. 9
Data Products.................................................................................. 10
Vector Data Products................................................................ 10
International Products............................................................... 10
Imagery Products ...................................................................... 10
Generalization................................................................................. 10
Model Generalization................................................................ 10
Cartographic Generalization..................................................... 10
Analysis and Reporting................................................................... 11
Analytical Processing................................................................ 11
Scripting.................................................................................... 11
3D Modeling................................................................................... 11
3D Models................................................................................. 11
Globes, Scenes, and Fly-throughs............................................. 11
Share ..................................................................................................... 12
Maps, Charts, and Plans.................................................................. 12
Topographic Maps .................................................................... 12
Cadastral Maps.......................................................................... 12
Navigation Charts ..................................................................... 12
Print on Demand and PDF Download ...................................... 12
Web Mapping............................................................................ 12
Intelligent Maps ........................................................................ 13
5. GIS for National Mapping
J-10090
Contents Page
Esri White Paper iii
Cloud............................................................................................... 13
ArcGIS Online .......................................................................... 13
ArcGIS.com .............................................................................. 13
Cloud Servers............................................................................ 13
Community Basemaps .............................................................. 14
Data Sharing.................................................................................... 14
Vector........................................................................................ 14
Raster ........................................................................................ 15
Imagery ..................................................................................... 15
Metadata.......................................................................................... 15
Portals ....................................................................................... 15
Online Services............................................................................... 15
Map Services............................................................................. 15
Feature Services........................................................................ 15
Coverage Services..................................................................... 15
Mashup Services....................................................................... 15
Geoprocessing Task Services ................................................... 16
Search, Query, and Geocoding Services................................... 16
User Interfaces and APIs ................................................................ 16
NSDIs.............................................................................................. 16
E-commerce.................................................................................... 16
Conclusion ............................................................................................ 17
Appendixes
Appendix 1—GIS Workflow and Quality for NMOs........................... 18
Workflow Tools.............................................................................. 18
Workflow Management ............................................................ 18
Quality Control/Quality Assurance........................................... 18
Appendix 2—Standards, Data Models, and Templates........................ 20
Standards and Interoperability........................................................ 20
ISO............................................................................................ 20
OGC.......................................................................................... 20
KML.......................................................................................... 20
INSPIRE ................................................................................... 20
Data Models and Templates............................................................ 20
Data Model Methodology......................................................... 20
Industry Solutions..................................................................... 21
Esri Production Mapping.................................................... 21
6. GIS for National Mapping
J-10090
Contents Page
June 2012 iv
Esri Defense Mapping......................................................... 21
Esri Aeronautical Solution.................................................. 21
Esri Nautical Solution......................................................... 21
Sample Esri Data Models.......................................................... 21
Standard Domain Models ......................................................... 21
EuroGeographics................................................................. 22
INSPIRE ............................................................................. 22
Military ............................................................................... 22
ArcGIS.com Resources............................................................. 22
Community Basemap.......................................................... 22
Appendix 3—Finding More Information.............................................. 23
Web Resources................................................................................ 23
Books .............................................................................................. 24
7. J-10090
Esri White Paper
GIS for National Mapping
Introduction This technical paper is intended for managers and staff of national mapping
organizations (NMOs). This includes any country, state, province, region, or devolved
area that has official mapping responsibilities.
Scope This paper is intended to explain the vision, benefits, technologies, workflows, and best
practices for deployment of Esri's ArcGIS® geographic information system (GIS)
solutions to solve the business requirements of NMOs. It wiil also be of interest to
related organizations such as cadastral, hydrographic, aeronautical, and environmental
agencies, but Esri also publishes papers covering these markets more specifically.
The main section provides a task-oriented overview of the Esri® ArcGIS system benefits,
arranged in the natural work sequence of a typical NMO. Appendix 1 covers workflow
and quality measures, and appendix 2 covers relevant standards and data models.
Appendix 3 summarizes where to find further information.
NMOs Almost every nation or autonomous region has one or more official organizations
dedicated to topographic and administrative mapping. These national mapping
organizations produce a range of digital products and services as well as the more
traditional series of paper maps, charts, and plans. For some nations, the NMOs also
generate defense mapping/geospatial intelligence, aeronautical or nautical charting, or
geologic mapping or cadastral records; for other nations, these are the responsibility of
separate agencies.
NMOs operate at the heart of their nations' geographic information infrastructures and are
leaders in the delivery of authoritative, nationally consistent products and services that
support good governance, private business, education, and the individual consumer. As
such, NMOs meet many diverse needs such as e-government, emergency management,
safety at sea and in the air, national and regional planning, infrastructure management,
geomarketing, and telecommunications.
Challenges and
Opportunities
While the demands from users have increased and diversified, so too have the pressures
on NMOs to operate more efficiently and effectively. Today, NMOs are expected to
generate more and better products and services in less time and with fewer resources, all
while improving customer satisfaction and building new business partnerships.
For today's NMOs, this new reality requires the continuous development of staff skill sets
and the modernization of technology and workflows in an agile, scalable architecture that
will support both today's and tomorrow's needs for mapping, charting, and land
administration. Esri is the world's major provider of GIS solutions. Its ArcGIS software
system offers powerful, database-driven cartographic and geodata production capabilities
that enable users to produce their mapping products from large, multipurpose geographic
databases rather than having to manage disparate datasets for individual products. This
complete system approach improves the quality and consistency of products while
driving down production costs.
Spatial Data
Infrastructure
Nations have a clear need for accurate framework data in a spatial data infrastructure
(SDI) to support good governance. This data must be shared throughout government and
externally through data-sharing portals. In some regions, centrally mandated
requirements for data sharing are invoked, such as the Infrastructure for Spatial
Information in Europe (INSPIRE) Directive. NMOs play a key role in building and
disseminating core components of the SDI while minimizing data redundancy and
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avoiding duplication of tasks. ArcGIS is based on key interoperability and web
computing concepts and is used by tens of thousands of organizations that rely on GIS
and information technology interoperability to collect, manage, produce, and share
geospatial information. Later sections of this document show how those capabilities can
help NMOs meet the SDI vision.
Vision for NMOs To meet these evolving requirements, NMOs are moving from the separate silos of
traditional map production workflows to a modern, multipurpose workflow based on a
central database offering a range of products and services: "capture once, use many
times." The GIS-based approach pioneered by Esri and described in this document has
revolutionized mapping and map production. ArcGIS supports the complete production
workflow implemented by NMOs, including task management, source data capture,
imagery assimilation, data management, quality control, data editing, cartographic
production, and product dissemination including web services. The following sections of
this document are organized in the typical workflow of collecting, managing, producing,
and sharing to meet this vision.
Customers' expectations are being influenced by the rapidly changing world of
information technology (IT) and the Internet. NMOs therefore must deliver their
information through web and mobile environments as well as continue the use of desktop
and server technology. The advent of cloud-based application servers opens up massive
and adaptive scalability of online map and geospatial services, providing new, efficient
routes to market for NMOs. ArcGIS is cloud-ready and can be scaled from the desktop
through in-house servers to the cloud as needed.
ArcGIS The primary Esri product for NMOs is ArcGIS. This is an integrated system of GIS
software that provides a standards-based platform for spatial analysis, data management,
and mapping. ArcGIS is scalable and can be integrated with other enterprise systems. It is
built from a common software code base and hence provides a uniform experience and
compatible functionality across desktop, server, mobile, and embedded implementations.
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Esri Approach A spatial database—the geodatabase—lies at the heart of the Esri approach.
Database-Centered
Workflow
In the past, a typical NMO had disparate linear flowlines with separate datasets for each
of its products and services. In the new world of GIS-based mapping and land
administration, the four main NMO tasks to collect, manage, produce, and share all act on
the live data in the central shared geodatabase in a unified transactional workflow, as
described in the following figure.
Figure 1—The Transactional Workflow Quadrants
Collect The Collect quadrant is primarily responsible for gathering and updating the master
geography: the digital landscape model, or DLM.
Manage The Manage quadrant builds and maintains the data schema, handles changes through
time, coordinates multiuser access, and improves and enforces data quality.
Produce The Produce quadrant is where cartographic design and map authoring tasks take place.
This includes the creation of cartographic representation rules and overrides and the
generation of labels and layouts. Along with analysis, modeling, and generalization to
create derived data, these generate the digital cartographic model, or DCM. Web maps
will often involve authoring multiscale mapping, a coherent set of maps with consistent
style across a range of scales. Also in this quadrant are analysis and reporting processes.
Share The Share quadrant includes the outward-facing aspects of providing standard and on-
demand maps, spatial information products, and web services to customers and business
Esri White Paper 3
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partners. Paper products are still important but, increasingly, the communication is to
applications on mobile devices, such as smartphones, as well as web mapping and soft-
copy downloads to tablets and portable computers. It also includes metadata, search,
portal, and data-delivery technologies that can position the NMO at the heart of a
National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI).
Collect The Collect quadrant of the workflow includes compiling
information from field surveys, Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS)/GPS, maps, imagery, photogrammetric
surveys, lidar point clouds, CAD data, and existing digital data
to build a digital landscape model.
Field Survey The fundamental information that NMOs must capture and maintain is the position of
real-world objects. Remote sensing and photogrammetry are very relevant sources
(covered below), but in many cases, there is no substitute for a surveyor visiting the
location and observing and recording reality firsthand.
Equipment used for a field survey may be PDAs running ArcPad®; palmtops running
ArcGIS for Windows Mobile; ruggedized handhelds running ArcGIS Engine
applications; or, increasingly, smartphone or tablet applications using mobile APIs
running ArcGIS for iOS (iPhone or iPad) or Android operating systems. Surveying
usually involves determining absolute positions (often from GPS) or relative positioning
(from laser range finders, etc.) and recording the data directly into the GIS.
Back in the office, ArcGIS for Desktop Standard and Advanced (formerly ArcEditor™
and ArcInfo® license levels) contain coordinate geometry (COGO) tools optimized for
input of survey measurements in the form of distances and angles.
GPS Survey Modern survey techniques make much use of GNSS technology, typified by the Global
Positioning System, which allows a surveyor to determine locations (longitude, latitude,
and altitude) to within a few meters using time signals transmitted by radio from
satellites. Positioning can get to decimeter accuracy when GPS observations are corrected
by reference to a local base station. GPS is being supplemented by the Russian
GLONASS, Chinese COMPASS, and European Union's Galileo GNSS systems. Esri
data collection software (ArcGIS for Desktop, ArcGIS Engine, ArcGIS for Windows
Mobile, and ArcPad) can all take direct feeds from GNSS devices to capture positions for
collection or update of features.
Map Scan and
Vectorize
Most NMOs have legacy paper map documents containing useful historical information
that needs capturing into versatile vector form. ArcGIS provides raster vectorization and
editing, allowing the capture and exploitation of legacy paper mapping.
Imagery Remotely sensed imagery, whether from aerial photography or satellite sensors, is a
primary and increasing asset for NMOs. It is used in pictorial form as a backdrop to
operations, particularly for building and maintaining the central vector database. Imagery
forms a base on which features can be quickly interpreted, in either 2D, from
orthoimagery, or 3D, from stereo imagery. Increasingly, image analysis and automated
feature extraction from multispectral imagery are used to improve productivity. Imagery
is usually available over multiple years and hence provides the basis for much temporal
June 2012 4
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analysis. ArcGIS can store imagery in the geodatabase or can process, mosaic, and serve
imagery on the fly directly from the original data files.
Photogrammetry Aerial photography in raster form is a valuable source of information for NMOs, but
photogrammetric capabilities are needed to reconstruct the vector geometric form of real-
world objects from the imagery. Photogrammetry accurately orients images prior to the
creation of stereo pairs that reconstruct the world in three dimensions. These stereo pairs
are then used in stereo-image workstations to extract vector coordinates (planimetric or
3D). Along with elevation models, the oriented imagery is used to create orthoimagery
from which planimetric features are often extracted. Esri has the capability to generate
and serve orthoimagery and works closely with a number of partners that provide
specialized hardware and software for photogrammetry that are closely integrated into the
ArcGIS framework.
CAD Data Many surveyors have traditionally used computer-aided design software for survey data
capture and cleaning. CAD is also prevalent in engineering disciplines, such as road
infrastructure, that are often closely coupled with NMOs. The ArcGIS for AutoCAD
extension lets CAD users directly access GIS mapping and data, while ArcGIS can
directly read and load CAD formats such as DWG or DXF. This preserves NMOs'
investments in CAD technology but also facilitates moving the workflow onto GIS.
Extract, Transform,
and Load
Existing digital data in legacy or third-party systems often needs to be moved or copied
into the master spatial database of an NMO. ArcGIS provides tools in ArcCatalog™ and
in the geoprocessing framework for importing external data, including simple schema
changes. However, there are superior capabilities in the ArcGIS Data Interoperability
extension that can read and write many dozens of formats. This includes a powerful
visual workbench with a drag-and-drop interface that can carry out sophisticated schema
transformation and data selection tasks as part of the loading process.
Lidar and
Point Clouds
Lidar is high-accuracy, high-resolution elevation data, often derived from airborne
sources. A laser beam is used to measure the distance between aircraft and the ground,
including ground features such as buildings or trees. The result of processed lidar
scanning is usually a point cloud—a very large number (many millions) of 3D (x,y,z)
points. ArcGIS and the geodatabase can store and access this kind of data, and the 3D
Analyst™ extension aids NMOs in visualizing and exploiting such point cloud data.
Esri White Paper 5
ing
ing:
Manage This quadrant of the workflow builds and maintains the
database and data schema, handles changes through time, and
improves and enforces data quality. It synchronizes the work of
multiple users, interweaving their transactions while avoid
and resolving conflicts. The key components to managing data
in an NMO include the follow
Geodatabase There has been a major push from mapping organizations to centralize their data holdings
to avoid the fragmentation and inefficiencies of file- and sheet-based data held by
departments and individuals. Related to this is the ongoing pressure to move GIS and
cartography into the world of enterprise information technology and take advantage of
commodity facilities for backup and data replication and management.
Esri has recognized this need and provided the enterprise geodatabase as the central
repository for spatial data, handling continuous data without tile edges in an open
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relational database such as DB2®, Oracle®, Informix®, SQL Server™, or PostgreSQL.
The use of commodity database technology allows the close integration of spatial data
with other business data vital to the enterprise, and it facilitates the production of a wide
range of valuable analytical and cartographic products.
Vector Features The key data in the geodatabase is held in feature classes of vector features. These hold
spatial information as geometry (point, line, or area) together with attributes describing
the feature. Typical classes for NMOs include parcels, buildings, roads, and rivers. Each
feature class is held in the geodatabase in a single relational table.
Relationships Relationship classes can be used to combine and link features in different classes (e.g., a
building that has postal access from a given road). However, many relationships can be
deduced spatially and dynamically by the GIS and do not need to be stored, ensuring
consistency and simplifying maintenance.
Raster Data While vector data is used for discrete objects, there are other geographic phenomena
important to NMOs that are more continuous. These are modeled as grid, matrix, or
raster data and include imagery (aerial photography or satellite sensed), terrain elevation,
or slope models or the results of thematic analyses. The geodatabase has a rich set of
raster storage and retrieval modes suitable for different resolutions and types of such data.
Lidar and Terrains Of increasing importance to NMOs are the 3D datasets arising from sensing the real
world using aerial or terrestrial lidar. These may have many millions of x,y,z points. The
geodatabase has optimized data types for holding lidar and also for the triangular
irregular networks (TINs) that are often created from such data to model ground surfaces.
3D Volumes and
City Models
The geodatabase has specific multipatch data types for holding 3D volume data, such as
those describing buildings using sets of triangles, faces, and textures.
Networks Many man-made (e.g., roads) and natural (e.g., rivers) features link to form networks.
The geodatabase provides structures for storing and building such networks together with
attributes (such as banned turns for roads or flow directions for rivers).
Fabrics Particularly relevant to NMOs are the different kinds of polygons covering the whole
land. These include cadastral parcels (landownership), land cover (grass, trees, concrete),
and land use (agriculture, sport, transport). The geodatabase provides specific capabilities
for storing and building such uniform polygon coverages and, particularly in the case of
cadastral parcels, retaining the underlying survey data in a parcel fabric.
Schema The data model or schema is the empty template into which the actual data instances are
loaded. It defines the feature classes and their names, geometric types, attribute fields,
and relationships. The ArcCatalog facilities of ArcGIS are used for creating and
maintaining data schemas, complemented by a set of automation capabilities
implemented as geoprocessing tools within the ModelBuilder™ automation framework.
Esri also provides preprepared template schemas for particular markets, as described in
appendix 2—Data Models and Templates.
Quality and Integrity Bad data can be worse than no data. NMOs are subject to legal and administrative
requirements to assess and enforce data quality as well as performance costs if poor
quality impedes later use. Through its common source code and rigorous geodatabase
models, the ArcGIS environment provides a consistent approach to data quality and
integrity checking and enforcement. It provides geoprocessing tools for checking
geometries for common errors (e.g., the figure of eight polygons, slivers, overlaps) and
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Esri White Paper 7
cleaning and merging disparate datasets (Integrate tool). The schema supports attribute
domains to ensure that only valid values are stored.
In addition to the core data integrity capabilities of ArcGIS, the ArcGIS Data Reviewer
extension focuses on data quality control/quality assurance (QA/QC). It provides QA/QC
tools for interactive and automated quality checks to verify compliance with user-defined
rules. It is described further in appendix 1.
Structure and
Topology
The raw linework from survey, CAD, or legacy mapping often contains geometry
overshoots, gaps, slivers, and overlaps. ArcGIS has a powerful, rule-based topology
engine that can take this data, clean it, and build it into structured networks and
continuous polygon tessellations. This functionality is vital to NMOs in eliminating
errors resulting from overlapping boundaries and incomplete polygon descriptions and
for building clean road networks and land-use coverages. In addition, interactive
topology editing tools in ArcGIS speed up polygon editing and safeguard the continued
integrity of the data. Similar topology and data integration capabilities are also important
in maintaining the consistency of the various layers of GIS data, ensuring that the various
levels of administrative boundaries all nest cleanly within one another and match the
fences or roads where they should be coincident.
Parcel Fabric Some NMOs have cadastral responsibilities that involve creating and managing a parcel
fabric (sometimes called a cadastral fabric), a contiguous set of parcel polygons across a
whole country or region. Parcels are the foundation of vital spatial infrastructure such as
landownership registers, land-use or land-cover datasets, or property taxation records. To
help an NMO build and maintain such a fabric, ArcGIS provides tools including ones for
that important task of adjusting multiple adjacent surveys to fit together cleanly.
Versions and
Transactions
The world is constantly changing, and NMOs have to continuously update their data and
maps to keep up. The data stored in the geodatabase can be versioned to allow multiple
users to carry out simultaneous updates with optimistic long transactions to prevent
unnecessary locking or data copies. Versioning is particularly important to provide a
stable view of the data during cartographic product generation and map finishing,
enabling the meeting of fixed deadlines for publishing while allowing others to continue
in parallel with ongoing database updates. For cadastral mapping, versioning handles the
all-or-nothing nature of land transactions, ensuring that a consistent state is always visible
without conflicts. Versioning also allows NMOs to supply tailored versions of the data to
meet different user requirements.
The enterprise geodatabase supports sophisticated reconcile and post capabilities to
handle the merging of changes from multiple users, including ones to combine edits done
by two operators to the same feature.
History and
Archiving
Although most customers of NMOs are interested in seeing up-to-date mapping, there are
important legal and procedural reasons why it can be important to be able to look back in
time. ArcGIS therefore has versatile capabilities for history management and archiving.
While versions are of limited duration and must be regularly merged or deleted, archive
tables are permanent and provide a traversable history of the changes to features. This
allows the user to wind back in time and see what the geographic features in an area
previously looked like.
Replication Some NMOs are concentrated in single locations in their countries, but others are spread
across a number of district and/or regional offices. The "differences" technology in the
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geodatabase used for versioning also underpins replication solutions to manage large-
scale GIS deployment across multiple sites. Just the changes are transmitted as XML-
based messages to support master-subordinate replication or peer-to-peer
synchronization.
Backup/Recovery All NMOs are absolutely reliant on their core geographic data, and it is vital that this is
preserved in case of hardware or software failure or in the event of accidental or
malicious damage. ArcGIS and its underlying database technology provide a variety of
backup capabilities, from full database copies to incremental saves (changes-only) to data
subset exports. Such backups can then be restored to ensure that the enterprise is back to
full function in minimum time.
Scalability The geodatabase that is at the heart of the Esri approach is enormously scalable:
■ At the lower end, a file geodatabase can store the data for a small project or a field-
worker.
■ The next step up is the workgroup geodatabase. Stored in SQL Server Express, it can
share access with multiple writers.
■ Next is the enterprise geodatabase stored in Oracle, DB2, Informix, SQL Server, or
PostgreSQL. It can handle thousands of readers and hundreds of writers
simultaneously.
■ Finally, there is scalability into the cloud—Esri supports cloud computing from
multiple providers including Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Microsoft
Azure for running ArcGIS for Server applications.
Produce This quadrant of the workflow is where the data is processed and
analyzed, where value is added by distilling data to give useful
information, and where mapping and geodata products are
generated.
Cartography and
Map Production
Taking raw geospatial data and processing it to produce useable maps, charts, and plans
is a primary role of NMOs. A complete cartographic production system is available
within the Esri ArcGIS system. Cartographic design and map authoring are the starting
points for this task, followed by map editing and finishing.
Cartographic
Representations
ArcGIS provides the ability to create multiple cartographic representations for individual
features. This includes cartographic representation rules, storage of multiple
representations in the geodatabase, and their overriding for cartographic freedom while
deploying the database's ability to model, share, and automate updates.
The representation rules allow automated visualization to meet demanding cartographic
clarity standards, while overrides stored in the geodatabase provide for exceptions
generated from the GIS features by either automated procedures or manual intervention.
Representation rules provide the cartographer with the freedom to modify the strict rules
of the GIS symbology just where it's necessary, hence producing the required visual
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Esri White Paper 9
uality expected of NMOs without affecting or unnecessarily copying the underlying
Priorities, Masking,
and Transparency
visual
here the drawing order of road casings and fills can be controlled to give clear road
Text, Labels, and
Annotation e
ducing
ared with previous manual methods of text
lacement. At ArcGIS 10.1, the capabilities of the Maplex extension are included as core
Layouts
oducts.
ales
rth. These
yout capabilities provide the NMO with the facilities to generate rich map products that
Sheet Series
Atlases
ew capabilities for dynamic text in the layout and
r scripting in the Python language. These all combine to greatly reduce the effort in
Export and Prepress
Send map layouts directly to a variety of printers for both proof plotting and printing
Create or separates for use with high-resolution film recorders, digital
■ Transf maps to graphics packages such as Adobe Illustrator®, for embedding in
as PDF, and a wide variety of image
fo ats (ArcGIS supports GIF, PNG, TIFF, and JPEG image formats and EPS,
The major format now for cartographic production is Adobe Acrobat® PDF, which has
become the preferred format for prepress operation and web publishing.
q
master data.
In addition to the representation of individual features, it is necessary to control the
interactions between features to produce a clear map. ArcGIS supports masking (where
one feature can suppress the drawing of another), symbol-level prioritized drawing
(w
intersections), and transparency (where features can be seen through other features).
All maps, charts, and plans include text for names of places and geographic entities.
ArcGIS provides intelligent dynamic label placement and can store generated text in th
database as annotations, which can be freestanding or feature linked. Feature-linked
annotations are tied back to the GIS feature from which they were created so that they
can be automatically updated. The acclaimed Maplex® labeling engine is integrated into
ArcGIS and can automate the previously labor-intensive task of labeling maps, pro
consistent, high-quality results with minimal human intervention. Many users report a
ten-fold increase in productivity comp
p
functionality in all levels of ArcGIS.
As well as data mode, for maintaining the continuous master datasets, ArcGIS has layout
mode, for defining and manipulating the page, sheet, or screen layout for visual pr
Layouts can contain multiple map frames, each with selectable content at specified sc
and presented with particular symbology. They may also contain multiple layout
elements: title, legend, north arrow, descriptive text panel, logo, and so fo
la
are ready for printing without the need for a separate imposition system.
ArcGIS 10 introduced Data Driven Pages, which allow NMOs to quickly and easilyand
create a map book or series. This generates a series of layout pages from a single
template map. An index layer divides the map data into sections and generates one page
per index feature. Data Driven Pages can be based on a regular grid of polygons or on
irregular shapes. In addition, there are n
fo
producing cartographic product series.
The ArcGIS map export capabilities allow NMOs to do the following:
■
on demand
■ col
platemakers, and digital printing presses
er
other documents
■ Output maps into digital visual formats, such
rm
Adobe Illustrator, and SVG vector formats.)
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Data Products For most NMOs, the amount of product supplied as data (vector datasets and raster
coverages) has risen through the years to exceed that supplied in visual form (paper maps
and map images).
Vector Data Products A vector data product is rarely just a dump of the master data from the primary database.
The public data model is often different from the internal model, as it is optimized for
customer use rather than the NMO's repository. Processes of data selection, schema
simplification, attribute reclassification, and geometry clipping may need to be carried
out. These can be done on the fly as part of the preparation for individual shipment, or
there may be distinct product datasets created for standard products that will be shipped
to multiple customers. ArcGIS contains a wealth of capabilities for such selection and
transformation, including data synchronization to one or more subordinate product
databases, optimized for data distribution.
International Products ArcGIS can handle the requirements of NMOs for local languages, character sets, and
fonts. ArcGIS supports the Unicode standard, which allows the use and mixing of
characters of the major writing systems of the world.
Increasingly, NMOs are becoming involved in supranational projects, where products
have to meet standard international specifications. Examples include EuroRegionalMap
and the Multinational Geospatial Co-Production Program (MGCP). See appendix 2 on
data models for more information.
Imagery Products ArcGIS has a range of raster and image processing capabilities that allow NMOs to
generate raster products as both visual backdrops and the results of analysis. In addition,
aerial photography and remotely sensed imagery can be dynamically processed and
served through the ArcGIS Image extension.
Generalization The strategic goal of most NMOs is to capture the real world once and use it to generate
diverse products at multiple scales. Generalization is the process that takes detailed, high-
resolution, large-scale master data and derives simpler, clearer subsets for use in smaller-
scale products.
Historically, generalization was a single-step process done by a human cartographer as
part of the compilation of a particular map product from the available sources. Now, it is
often useful to think of generalization as a two-step process—model generalization,
which reduces data volumes, and cartographic generalization, which improves clarity.
Model Generalization Model generalization (sometimes known as database generalization) involves the
processes of selection, reclassification, simplification, and aggregation. Its purpose is to
reduce data volume and complexity to a level appropriate for the planned use. ArcGIS
provides a rich set of geoprocessing tools that, using ModelBuilder, can be combined into
geoprocessing models that can carry out such automated generalization. Specific tools are
available in the generalization toolbox for feature simplification and aggregation.
Cartographic
Generalization
Once the data is at the appropriate resolution and unnecessary features and vertices have
been discarded, cartographic generalization is needed to present the database data in
visual form with sufficient clarity to communicate the required message. Cartographic
generalization may include some of the same processes as model generalization but, in
addition, often includes feature exaggeration, displacement, and typification. Again,
ArcGIS geoprocessing tools include ones specifically for the detection and elimination of
cartographic conflicts. Exciting new contextual generalization tools for displacement and
thinning of roads and buildings have been added, which makes use of a powerful new
optimization engine to balance the often-conflicting constraints.
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Esri White Paper 11
Analysis and
Reporting
One of the main strengths of GIS is its ability to combine, analyze, and report spatial data
and relationships. ArcGIS software's rich set of geoprocessing tools is now important to
NMOs as they maximize the derived value of their data holdings.
Analytical Processing Analysis by an NMO usually starts with the geoprocessing of existing data to make
explicit some of the implicit relationships hidden in the spatial data. ArcGIS provides a
rich geoprocessing framework and the associated visual ModelBuilder application to
facilitate the analysis of spatial data. In the geoprocessing toolboxes is a wealth of tools
for the combination, selection, and analysis of data such as overlay operations, proximity
analysis, frequency analysis, and statistics. These tools and models can carry out spatial
production tasks such as deriving urban extents from building footprints or answering ad
hoc questions such as, "Which town is nearest the center of the country?"
Scripting In addition to use of the standard geoprocessing tools and ModelBuilder models, ArcGIS
extends the scripting environment using the Python language, much used in scientific
analyses and mainstream IT. This allows easy incorporation of organization- or industry-
specific algorithms. Scripting also facilitates workflow automation, greatly decreasing
operator time and increasing productivity.
3D Modeling The work of NMOs is increasingly moving from being 2D (planimetric) to 3D
(volumetric). The 3D Analyst extension provides three-dimensional visualization,
topographic and intervisibility analysis, and surface creation. For NMOs, it allows
creation and visualization of digital elevation models (DEMs) plus derived terrain
datasets, such as slope and aspect, as well as impressive 3D city models.
3D Models With 3D Analyst, NMOs can build and visualize 3D models of terrain surfaces or urban
building landscapes. 3D Analyst also provides tools for three-dimensional modeling and
analysis, such as viewshed and line-of-sight analysis, spot-height interpolation, profiling,
steepest-path determination, and contouring. 3D is a fast-developing area, and modern 3D
modeling standards such as CityGML and Collaborative Design Activity (COLLADA)
are supported. Rule-based 3D representations of 2D data features can be done with Esri
CityEngine tools.
Globes, Scenes, and
Fly-throughs
Experience with 3D computer game software is raising the expectations of users
(particularly younger ones). The two visualization applications of 3D Analyst
(ArcGlobe™ and ArcScene™) make it easy to create realistic scenes in which people can
navigate and interact with NMO data in a virtual, 3D world.
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Share This quadrant of the workflow covers the outward-facing aspects
of the NMO's role. This includes making available all map and
data products and higher-level metadata and responding to user
requests for geospatial and land information services.
Maps, Charts, and
Plans
Although people have been predicting for decades that the days of the paper map are
numbered, NMOs still have continuing and often new requirements to provide visual map
products. Bulk printed maps, charts, and plans are still common, but the growth is in
print-on-demand, downloadable documents (e.g., PDF) and web maps.
Topographic Maps NMOs are the owners of the national topographic map series for most countries, usually
at scales between 1:10,000 and 1:50,000. This basemap product (which often had its roots
in military planning) is now vital for many aspects of planning at all levels of government
and disaster and emergency coordination. It is also the most publicly recognizable
product of NMOs; hence, its integrity and presentation quality are vital.
Esri has substantial experience in assisting NMOs in producing, maintaining, and
modernizing topographic mapping, and the Esri Production Mapping extension is
particularly relevant. See appendix 2—Data Models and Templates for more details on
specific solutions.
Cadastral Maps Cadastral plans are a primary product for those NMOs that have land administration
responsibility. They are typically at much larger scales than topographic maps, often at
1:1,000 or larger scales for urban areas, and the number of sheets can be in the hundreds
of thousands, making automation even more important. They show land parcels and often
building extents plus other relevant detail. ArcGIS capabilities for Data Driven Pages are
very applicable to automation of cadastral sheet production.
However, the large scale and local interest of cadastral maps are making web mapping
solutions with on-demand printing increasingly the channel of choice for sharing
cadastral mapping. ArcGIS for Server is the workhorse for such a service, providing web
mapping to browser clients and, when the area of interest has been identified, producing a
site-centered plan in PDF for local printing.
Navigation Charts Navigation charts are usually the responsibility of separate charting agencies (often
military), but sometimes are in scope for combined NMOs. These include hydrographic
charts, used for ship navigation, and aeronautical charts, used for aircraft flights. Esri
Nautical Solution and Esri Aeronautical Solution are particularly relevant. See
appendix 2—Data Models and Templates for more on these solutions.
Print on Demand and
PDF Download
For NMOs, there is a paradigm shift away from producing and stockpiling printed maps
toward producing maps on demand. This allows the maps produced to be optimized for
the particular use or task. ArcGIS for Server has all the map printing and export
capabilities of ArcGIS for Desktop and is increasingly the channel for producing such on-
demand mapping. The ubiquity of PDF as a page transfer format and the presence of
Adobe Reader on almost all clients have also facilitated this approach.
Web Mapping The provision of mapping to Internet web clients is not new to NMOs but is undergoing
dramatic evolution of technology and the resultant user experience. In the past, web maps
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Esri White Paper 13
were small images produced by an Internet map server and tended to be limited to simple
visual appearance and slow and limited interaction. Panning to one side required
redrawing the whole screen.
Now, the underlying technology is ArcGIS for Server, which can produce high-quality
cartography and serve it at high speed across broadband links to intelligent clients.
Cached tiled map services can reduce the time for panning operations to a second or less,
as only the changes are sent from a preprepared cache. Because the tiles are preprepared,
they can use the ArcGIS cartography for optimal map clarity without affecting the speed
of display. For more volatile data, recent releases of ArcGIS for Server have introduced
fast dynamic map services using a new purpose-built graphics engine.
Intelligent Maps The richness and attractiveness of the web and mobile client applications have also
improved dramatically, due largely to the introduction of new web graphics technologies
such as Flex, JavaScript, or Silverlight. As a result, not only can web mapping now
replace the use of paper maps for many users but also many practical applications run
directly on the map, providing tailored end-user functionality.
Cloud As an alternative or supplement to hosting their own web servers providing web
mapping, NMOs can now take advantage of external servers in the cloud. These can be
servers managed by Esri (as those in ArcGIS Online) or servers dedicated to and
managed by the NMO.
ArcGIS Online ArcGIS is now available online (esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgisonline/), providing useful
basemaps, free programming APIs, and geoprocessing and query services. In addition,
ArcGIS Online can host maps and data from organizations such as NMOs, making
products readily available to many more users.
ArcGIS.com The primary gateway to these online services is ArcGIS.com. The Esri community
basemaps and targeted map services that are provided as part of the ArcGIS Online
experience at ArcGIS.com are a good example of the scope of cloud GIS.
Cloud Servers Esri also supports direct deployment of ArcGIS for Server into Amazon EC2 or
Microsoft Azure, providing massive scalability of NMOs solutions as well as faster
application deployment, increased availability, and lower cost of ownership. Various
subscription levels are available, ranging from Platform as a Service, where the NMO
manages the servers, to Infrastructure as a Service, where Esri manages the software but
not the application, and Esri Managed Services, where Esri can supply, tailor, and
support a custom solution in the cloud.
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Community
Basemaps
The Esri Community Topographic Basemap is a recent addition to the routes to market
for NMO data. This is a service provided by Esri that hosts a digital map of the world at
scales from 1:500 million down to 1:1,000. The map was designed to be used as a
basemap by GIS professionals and as a reference map by anyone. The map includes
administrative boundaries, cities, water features, physiographic features, parks,
landmarks, highways, roads, railways, airports, and buildings overlaid on land-cover and
shaded relief imagery for added context.
Through Esri's Community Maps Program, organizations can contribute use of their
geographic data to become part of this community map. Data is integrated with data from
other providers and then published through ArcGIS Online as a map service. Only the
rendered map tiles are served, so valuable vector data remains private and can still be
sold by its owner if desired.
Users inside and outside an organization will be able to use the online maps with ArcGIS
mapping applications or a standard Internet web browser. This eliminates the costs
associated with making the data widely available, such as setting up and maintaining the
infrastructure.
Data Sharing In addition to printed maps and equivalent soft-copy visual outputs, NMOs have to make
available a wealth of vector, raster, and image data complete with associated metadata.
Vector Vector data has historically been made available as CAD or GIS datasets on physical
storage media containing complete feature data for multiple themes for standard areas.
For the large volumes of framework data held by NMOs, this is still appropriate for some
users, and ArcGIS (particularly with the Data Interoperability extension) handles any
required format.
However, for many NMOs there is a move toward distributing vector data as an online
"pull" process, where clients can request data for particular themes and areas of interest.
They also can ask for incremental updates—just the changes since an earlier date. With
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Esri White Paper 15
its standards-compliant Web Feature Service (WFS) capabilities, ArcGIS for Server is
central to this approach.
Raster Raster data output is needed for the datasets that continuously vary across the terrain,
such as DEMs, slope or aspect data, or population density. ArcGIS provides raster export
capabilities from ArcGIS for Desktop plus Web Coverage Service (WCS) from ArcGIS
for Server.
Imagery Aerial photography and remotely sensed imagery can be output or served using the same
capabilities as those used for raster data. In addition, it can be dynamically processed and
served through the ArcGIS Image Extension for Server (see esri.com/software/arcgis/
arcgisserver/image-extension.html) as high-performance image services for web or
intranet distribution.
Metadata Metadata is "data about data." Data users need access to metadata to help them locate
appropriate datasets and understand their content. Publishing metadata facilitates data
sharing. ArcGIS supports simple searches in ArcGIS Online as well as comprehensive
metadata creation, storage, editing, and query facilities. These support metadata
standards, including the ISO 19115 standard and INSPIRE Implementing Rules.
Portals Esri Geoportal Server (formerly the GIS Portal Toolkit) allows an NMO to catalog the
locations and descriptions of organizations' geospatial resources in a central repository,
called a geoportal, and publish them to the Internet or the NMO's intranet. Visitors to the
geoportal can search for and access these resources to locate and maximize their use of
the NMO's products. Geoportal Server is supplied by Esri as open source software,
encouraging community development.
Online Services Online services are at the heart of a modern NMO's distribution framework. ArcGIS for
Server is the Esri component that makes maps, features, rasters, processes, and tasks
available as web services.
Map Services Image map services, such as those using the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC),
Web Map Service (WMS) protocols, provide the fundamental geographic framework to
many websites. ArcGIS for Server provides a range of such services, including cached
map services for instant pan and zoom and very fast dynamic map services.
Feature Services Feature services, such as those using the OGC WFS and Transactional Web Feature
Service (WFS-T) protocols, provide the ability to retrieve the coordinates and attributes
for particular features and hence build solutions that query and interact with NMO data
entities (parcels, buildings, roads, etc.). Feature services are also at the heart of new
lightweight data capture and update strategies using applications on mobile devices
(handhelds, smartphones, tablets, etc.).
Coverage Services Raster data services, such as those using the OGC WCS protocol, provide the ability to
retrieve raster data such as elevation models and use it in web clients.
Mashup Services All the above services use standard-conforming interfaces, so that their outputs can be
combined as mashups, bringing together disparate sources to discover the synergy
between them. To aid in this, ArcGIS for Server also supports de facto standards such as
the KML and KMZ formats.
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Geoprocessing Task
Services
In addition to retrieval services, ArcGIS for Server exposes the full functionality of the
geoprocessing framework and its associated ModelBuilder models as task services,
allowing web clients to be built that can process NMO data, including updates and
modification as well as analyses.
Search, Query, and
Geocoding Services
The final set of services is composed of ones that return answers to questions. ArcGIS for
Server will geocode addresses or place-names to provide locations or return feature sets
based on attribute or spatial queries.
User Interfaces and
APIs
Web user interfaces and application programming interfaces have been evolving at
blinding speed over the past few years. New technologies such as REST, Silverlight,
Flex, and JavaScript have been adopted by ArcGIS. They have replaced the static web
mapping of the past with dynamic, responsive, appealing, highly functional visual
interfaces, as is increasingly expected in this web 2.0 world. Esri has released for free use
a set of APIs and template applications for JavaScript, Silverlight, and Flex as well as
ones for .NET and Java—see the ArcGIS Resource Center at resources.esri.com/
arcgisserver/index.cfm?fa=applications.
NSDIs Geoportals provide a major technology component of a spatial data infrastructure.
An SDI is a framework of technologies, policies, and institutional arrangements that
together facilitate the creation, maintenance, exchange, and use of geospatial data and
related information resources across an information-sharing community. National SDIs
are at the heart of many nations' e-government strategies and contribute upward to pan-
national data sharing initiatives such as the European INSPIRE Directive. Esri has
solution tools, such as ArcGIS for INSPIRE, to facilitate SDI standards compliance—see
esri.com/software/arcgis/arcgis-for-inspire/.
E-commerce National framework data is a valuable asset, and many NMOs have business models that
require that access to map and data products be controlled and priced. ArcGIS for Server
and Portal for ArcGIS have the infrastructure to facilitate the construction of e-commerce
sites, and Esri works with partners such as con terra GmbH and ILS to provide flexible
solutions for e-commerce.
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Conclusion The previous sections have presented the ArcGIS platform and shown how it fulfills the
requirements of NMOs. The components of ArcGIS work together in a unified system
across an NMO enterprise for collecting, managing, and producing products and then
sharing them.
The ArcGIS System
Cloud
Enterprise
Local
Web
Mobile
Desktop
• Collect
• Manage
• Produce
• Share
Servers
The ArcGIS system provides a complete infrastructure to an NMO for making maps and
land and geographic information available throughout the organization, across a
community, for a nation, or openly on the web. It can be implemented on individual local
desktops, on enterprise servers, or across browsers and mobile applications that draw on
the power of central servers. Such ArcGIS servers can be provided within the NMO for
maximum control or be hosted in the cloud for lower overhead and maximum scalability.
In these days of financial pressures, increased requirements, and reduced resources,
NMOs can benefit greatly from adopting an enterprise GIS.
Esri White Paper 17
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Appendix 1—GIS Workflow and
Quality for NMOs
Workflow Tools NMOs require workflows and tools to create
an efficient and cost-effective production
line, linking the tasks of collecting,
managing, producing. and sharing.
Workflows facilitate tasks such as compiling,
editing, quality control, and job tracking.
With the Esri Production Mapping extension,
ArcGIS has the right tools for map and data
production organizations to minimize button clicks and ease and control
the flow of operator tasks, increasing efficiency and meeting the demand
of production schedules.
Workflow
Management
The primary component for workflow is the ArcGIS Workflow Manager extension,
formerly known as Job Tracking for ArcGIS (JTX™). This simplifies and automates
many aspects of job management and tracking and streamlines the workflow, resulting
in improved efficiency and significant time savings. The workflow management
functionality guides users through the necessary GIS and non-GIS tasks required to
complete the entire business process.
With Workflow Manager, users can improve their productivity by automating common
activities such as geoprocessing and version management, thereby reducing repetition of
production procedures; ensure standardization and consistency across operations; easily
track workflow status using reports; efficiently manage a dispersed work force; and
assign activities by geography.
Workflow Manager provides tools for allocating resources and tracking the status and
progress of jobs. A detailed history of work activity is automatically recorded to give
managers and supervisors a play-by-play report of how the job was completed. This
information can be supplemented with comments, notes, supporting documents, and
notifications to capture even richer job documentation and communication in a single
centralized repository. For more information, see esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/
jtx-workflow-mgmt.pdf.
Quality Control/
Quality Assurance
The ArcGIS system contains many embedded tools and facilities for establishing and
maintaining data quality. The main quality coordinating component is ArcGIS Data
Reviewer, an extension that provides a set of QA/QC tools to simplify many aspects of
spatial data quality control. NMOs have a vital need to review, correct, and validate data
quality throughout a project.
Data Reviewer simplifies the QC process for such organizations by providing a variety of
automated checks that can immediately improve data integrity. These include spatial,
attribute, topology, connectivity, database validation, and z-value checks. It can identify
geometric corrections, missing or extraneous features, and where feature attribution
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Esri White Paper 19
changes must be made. Many such defects can be automatically fixed, and for ones where
human intelligence is needed, it guides the operator through visiting, correcting, and
checking all the possible error situations. For more information, see esri.com/software/
arcgis/extensions/arcgis-data-reviewer/.
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Appendix 2—Standards, Data
Models, and Templates
Standards and
Interoperability
Esri is committed to building open and interoperable commercial off-the-
shelf software products. Esri has always been and continues to be a keen
advocate of open access to geographic data and software functionality,
using widely adopted, practical standards. Esri's current products have
appropriate open application programming interfaces and support key data
interchange formats and web services standards for ensuring relevant GIS
and IT interoperability.
ISO The Esri products and geodatabase architecture comply with open concepts and standards
for interoperability, particularly the International Standards Organization 191xx series of
geographic information standards. For more details, see the Esri white paper on standards
at esri.com/library/whitepapers/pdfs/supported-ogc-iso-standards.pdf.
OGC Another important family of standards for geospatial and location-based services is from
the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. Esri has long been a principal member of the OGC
and actively contributes to the OGC standards process. OGC conformance is described in
the white paper mentioned above.
KML In addition to the de jure standards from official bodies, some de facto standards are
established by frequent use; Esri also supports these—notably the KML and KMZ
formats.
INSPIRE European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (EU) in March 2007
published a directive establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the
European Community. This is aimed at making spatial data concerning a range of themes
from hydrography and roads to addresses and parcels available in a consistent form
across all the countries of Europe. Esri has contributed to the evolution of the INSPIRE
standards, such as the Implementing Rules for each theme.
To let NMOs meet their INSPIRE responsibilities, Esri has built a coherent set of tools
and data models for INSPIRE conformance. ArcGIS for INSPIRE includes INSPIRE
service tools, combining Esri Geoportal Server with tools to match the INSPIRE
schemas. It simplifies and expedites the setting up of the requisite INSPIRE-compliant
discovery, view, and download services. For more information, see esri.com/inspire/.
Data Models and
Templates
GIS data model examples and templates can help NMOs jump-start their database and
product definition process. Esri provides a number of relevant data models as possible
starting points and has documented a methodology for data modeling. It also has
cartographic style templates in the form of sample map documents and layer definition
files.
Data Model
Methodology
The Esri Press book Designing Geodatabases: Case Studies in GIS Data Modeling
(esripress.esri.com/display/index.cfm?fuseaction=display&websiteID=85) is a highly
visual guide to creating a dynamic geographic data model. It helps ArcGIS users design
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Esri White Paper 21
schemas that have comprehensive and descriptive query definitions, user-friendly
cartographic displays, and increased performance standards. It outlines five steps for
taking a data model through its conceptual, logical, and physical phases—modeling the
user's view, defining objects and relationships, selecting geographic representations,
matching geodatabase elements, and organizing the geodatabase structure. Several design
models for a variety of applications are considered, including addresses and locations,
census units and boundaries, stream and river networks, and topography and the
basemap.
Industry Solutions Esri's industry-specific solutions are prepopulated with a collection of data models, map
series templates, and specific map surround elements to ensure that digital data meets
quality standards and is then effectively represented in the final map or chart products.
Esri Production
Mapping
The Production Mapping solution (formerly PLTS™ for ArcGIS—Mapping Agency
Solution) is designed to efficiently produce and maintain topographic database and map
products that meet European and US specifications and can be extended to meet other
nations' specifications. It was developed specifically for high-volume database
production, maintenance, quality control, and high-quality cartographic output.
Esri Defense Mapping This includes production tools to efficiently create and maintain military specification-
compliant data and map products. It includes data loading, editing, and quality control
production tools and numerous defense-specific geodatabase models.
Esri Aeronautical
Solution
This addresses the complexity of managing aeronautical information in a central GIS
database. It facilitates production and maintenance of aeronautical charts and transfer of
aeronautical information via the Aeronautical Information Exchange Model (AIXM). The
solution allows users to produce International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and
national specification chart products (including instrument approach and departure, en-
route, and visual charts) via one-touch, database-driven cartography from a central
aeronautical database.
Esri Nautical Solution This is used to produce a seamless nautical database from a variety of sources and
perform maintenance on existing datasets. The solution enables high-volume production
and maintenance of Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) according to the S-57
standards of the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO).
Sample Esri Data
Models
Esri has organized the creation of many industry-specific data models to simplify the
process of implementing projects and systems and promote and support standards.
Academic and industry leaders have collaborated with Esri to create and design data
model templates, which have then evolved via industry feedback.
A list of available model templates is available on the Esri Support download page at
support.esri.com/index.cfm?fa=downloads.dataModels.matrix. Among the more relevant
to NMOs are Address, Agriculture, Basemap, Forestry, Geology, GIS for the Nation,
Homeland Security, Hydro, Land Parcels, Local Government, National Cadastre, and
Transportation.
Standard Domain
Models
Along with the Esri-initiated sample models described above, there are models available
arising from de jure and de facto standards.
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EuroGeographics EuroGeographics established European standards for EuroRegionalMap and
EuroGlobalMap. Data models for these are now included in template resources of the
Esri Production Mapping solution.
■ The EuroRegionalMap project has created a pan-European (over 30 countries) vector
topographic database at scale 1:250,000 (medium scale). It is used as reference data
and an enabling spatial analysis and geographic backdrop for presentation and
visualization based on the harmonization of already existing national databases of the
NMOs.
■ EuroGlobalMap is a similar topographic dataset that covers the whole of Europe at
the scale 1:1 million.
INSPIRE The data models for the 35 INSPIRE themes are being defined by the INSPIRE
Implementing Rules committees, set up by the European Union. Geodatabase data
models for the Annex 1 themes are included in the ArcGIS for INSPIRE solution (see
esri.com/inspire/).
Military There are several military models that are relevant to NMOs, but a recent one is defined
as being part of the Multinational Geospatial Co-Production Program. This is a coalition
originally of 27 nations but now growing to 32 nations and participating in production of
global, high-resolution vector geospatial data at scales of 1:50,000 or 1:100,000. Data
models for all MGCP specifications are included in the Esri Defense Mapping solution.
ArcGIS.com
Resources
The ArcGIS.com website has a wealth of resources contributed by Esri and other users,
including data models and templates.
Community Basemap The templates used by Esri and its customers in creating the Community Topographic
basemap (described in the Share section above) are provided as downloadable resources.
These include preprepared high-quality cartography as well as data model schemas and
sample data for a range of scales of topographic mapping.
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Appendix 3—Finding More
Information
Web Resources ■ The Esri home page at esri.com is the starting point for a wealth of
information on products, services, and so forth.
■ For details on map, chart, and data production, visit esri.com/maps, which includes
user success stories.
■ For details of available training courses, both instructed and self-paced, see the
training pages at training.esri.com.
■ For cartographers, the Esri Mapping Center at mappingcenter.esri.com provides best-
practice information, hints, and tips to help you make great maps with ArcGIS.
■ The ArcGIS.com home page at arcgis.com will lead you to galleries of information
and online services, including basemaps, templates, and layer packages.
■ The resources pages at resources.arcgis.com provide online resources for developers,
users, and managers. Examples include the following:
● The Imagery resource center at resources.arcgis.com/content/imagery/10.0/about
● The Esri Production Mapping resources at resources.arcgis.com/content/
esri-production-mapping/10.0/about
● ArcGIS Workflow Manager resources at
resources.arcgis.com/content/workflow-manager/10.0/about
● The ArcGIS Data Reviewer resource center at
resources.arcgis.com/content/data-reviewer/10.0/about
● Geoportal Server resources at resources.arcgis.com/content/
geoportal-extension/10.0/about
● Esri Aeronautical Solution at resources.arcgis.com/content/
esri-aeronautical-solution/10.0/about
● Esri Nautical Solution at resources.arcgis.com/content/
esri-nautical-solution/10.0/about
● Esri Defense Mapping solution at resources.arcgis.com/content/
esri-defense-mapping/10.0/about
● ArcGIS for INSPIRE resource center at resources.arcgis.com/content/
arcgis-inspire/1.0/about
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Esri Press, with its catalog atBooks esripress.esri.com, publishes many useful books on GIS,
cartography, and related subjects. Those of particular relevance to NMOs include the
following:
■ Building a GIS: System Architecture Design Strategies for Managers
■ Building European Spatial Data Infrastructures
■ Cartographic Relief Presentation
■ Designed Maps
■ Designing Better Maps
■ Designing Geodatabases
■ GIS and Land Records
■ Introduction to Geometrical and Physical Geodesy
■ Land Administration for Sustainable Development
■ Lining Up Data in ArcGIS
■ Map Use: Reading and Analysis, Sixth Edition
■ Modeling Our World
■ Semiology of Graphics
■ The Look of Maps
31. Printed in USA
Contact Esri
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esri.com/locations
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changing world around them.
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more than 40 years, Esri has cultivated collaborative relationships
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Today, we believe that geography is at the heart of a more resilient
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