The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.
This document defines key concepts in geography. It discusses 12 concepts: location, distance, space, accessibility, spatial interaction, direction, size and scale, distribution, spatial diffusion, place, realms, and regions. It provides details on each concept, such as the four types of location (nominal, relative, absolute, cognitive) and how regions can be formal, functional, or vernacular. The document aims to outline fundamental geographical terms and concepts.
After attending this module, the user would be able to know and explain the chemical classification of minerals and the types of minerals belonging to various classes and groups. The mineral kingdom is a very vast area in the subject of earth sciences. Mineralogy is a perfect physical science. About two thousand dominant minerals are popular and existing over the world, which are known for their unique properties. The study of the chemical classification of minerals is an essential topic in the subject of mineralogy.
1) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow users to visualize and analyze spatial data by linking geographical features to tabular data.
2) Pioneered in the 1960s, GIS has since become a valuable tool for epidemiology by allowing disease data to be mapped and analyzed in relation to environmental, demographic, and other spatial factors.
3) Key functions of GIS in spatial epidemiology include disease mapping, cluster detection, and risk analysis to better understand patterns and associations between disease occurrence and location.
The document discusses the key elements of maps, including the title, scale, direction, legends or keys, and grid system. It explains that the title provides information about the region being depicted on the map. Scale allows measurement of distances and comparison of map sizes. Large scale maps show smaller areas with more detail, while small scale maps show larger areas with less detail. Legends and keys provide meanings for the symbols used on the map. The grid system refers to the imaginary horizontal and vertical lines that form the grid overlaid on maps.
Archaeology is the scientific study of past human societies through excavation. Archaeologists attempt to discover and describe past cultures and explain their development. An archaeological site is chosen based on artifacts found on the surface or the historical context of the area. A unit is a square area that archaeologists excavate to search for artifacts. Tools used include shovels, trowels, measuring tapes, and brushes. Careful excavation by removing soil in 5cm levels allows artifacts to be found and mapped for analysis. The process continues until sterile soil is reached.
1. The document discusses concepts in geophysics including isostasy, density, susceptibility, and resistivity of rocks. Isostasy refers to equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere. Density is a measure of how tightly packed molecules are in a material. Susceptibility measures a material's magnetization in response to an external magnetic field. Resistivity quantifies a material's opposition to electric current flow.
2. Igneous rocks generally have higher density, susceptibility, and resistivity compared to metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. This is because igneous rocks contain more mafic minerals and have undergone less alteration from their original state than other rock types. Factors like pore space,
A List Of Precious And Semi Precious Gemstones9gemeu
There are so many types of gemstones available today. We have created a comprehensive list of gemstones to guide you and help to find the perfect gemstone. others to be semi-precious, more are considered fine or ornamental. Differences apply. What stones are considered precious and which are those considered semi precious
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.
This document defines key concepts in geography. It discusses 12 concepts: location, distance, space, accessibility, spatial interaction, direction, size and scale, distribution, spatial diffusion, place, realms, and regions. It provides details on each concept, such as the four types of location (nominal, relative, absolute, cognitive) and how regions can be formal, functional, or vernacular. The document aims to outline fundamental geographical terms and concepts.
After attending this module, the user would be able to know and explain the chemical classification of minerals and the types of minerals belonging to various classes and groups. The mineral kingdom is a very vast area in the subject of earth sciences. Mineralogy is a perfect physical science. About two thousand dominant minerals are popular and existing over the world, which are known for their unique properties. The study of the chemical classification of minerals is an essential topic in the subject of mineralogy.
1) Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow users to visualize and analyze spatial data by linking geographical features to tabular data.
2) Pioneered in the 1960s, GIS has since become a valuable tool for epidemiology by allowing disease data to be mapped and analyzed in relation to environmental, demographic, and other spatial factors.
3) Key functions of GIS in spatial epidemiology include disease mapping, cluster detection, and risk analysis to better understand patterns and associations between disease occurrence and location.
The document discusses the key elements of maps, including the title, scale, direction, legends or keys, and grid system. It explains that the title provides information about the region being depicted on the map. Scale allows measurement of distances and comparison of map sizes. Large scale maps show smaller areas with more detail, while small scale maps show larger areas with less detail. Legends and keys provide meanings for the symbols used on the map. The grid system refers to the imaginary horizontal and vertical lines that form the grid overlaid on maps.
Archaeology is the scientific study of past human societies through excavation. Archaeologists attempt to discover and describe past cultures and explain their development. An archaeological site is chosen based on artifacts found on the surface or the historical context of the area. A unit is a square area that archaeologists excavate to search for artifacts. Tools used include shovels, trowels, measuring tapes, and brushes. Careful excavation by removing soil in 5cm levels allows artifacts to be found and mapped for analysis. The process continues until sterile soil is reached.
1. The document discusses concepts in geophysics including isostasy, density, susceptibility, and resistivity of rocks. Isostasy refers to equilibrium between the earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere. Density is a measure of how tightly packed molecules are in a material. Susceptibility measures a material's magnetization in response to an external magnetic field. Resistivity quantifies a material's opposition to electric current flow.
2. Igneous rocks generally have higher density, susceptibility, and resistivity compared to metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. This is because igneous rocks contain more mafic minerals and have undergone less alteration from their original state than other rock types. Factors like pore space,
A List Of Precious And Semi Precious Gemstones9gemeu
There are so many types of gemstones available today. We have created a comprehensive list of gemstones to guide you and help to find the perfect gemstone. others to be semi-precious, more are considered fine or ornamental. Differences apply. What stones are considered precious and which are those considered semi precious
The document discusses six approaches to political geography: power analysis, historical, morphological, functional, behavioral, and systematic. It focuses on defining and explaining the functional and behavioral approaches. The functional approach studies how political areas function and interact internally and externally. It examines centralizing and decentralizing forces. The behavioral approach identifies space as an independent variable and studies how human behavior is influenced by territorial boundaries and patterns.
This document provides an overview of a short course on gemology taught at Somaville University. It defines gemology as the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It then discusses what constitutes a gemstone and provides details on hardness, clarity, treatments, and sources for several precious and semi-precious gemstones including diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz, zircon, and spinel. Requirements for good quality gemstones are outlined. Mohs scale of hardness is also explained.
To understand geography, it is a prerequisite to know its creators, their philosophy, aim and methods. These are really interesting and enrich our vision.
This document discusses aerial photography and how to determine flight direction from aerial photographs. It begins by defining aerial photography and noting that quality is determined by factors like the camera lens and material. Aerial photographs are classified by camera orientation and focal length. Annotations on photographs like fiducial marks, principal points, and X/Y coordinates are used to determine flight direction by finding matching or conjugate points between overlapping photographs. Careful planning of factors like scale, camera format, and overlap is needed to acquire the photographs and cover the study area.
Gemmology is a vast subject to learn about all the Gemstones, their properties, occurrences, geographical location, geometrical structure or formations, various colour shades, transparency to opaque, sheen & luster, cuts & shapes, carat & cost, testing through various instruments & devices for their Real, synthetics or simulants.
The document discusses how topographic maps in India are organized and identified using a hierarchical system of map sheets with different scales. Topographic maps are divided into million sheet sections at 1:1,000,000 scale, degree sheets at 1:250,000 scale, toposheets at 1:50,000 scale, and further subdivided toposheets at 1:25,000 scale that are identified by letters and numbers corresponding to their location and scale. This system allows precise identification of location for any place shown on topographic maps in India.
The document discusses quantitative and qualitative methods in geography. It explains that quantitative methods involve collecting and analyzing numerical data through techniques like statistics, mapping, and modeling to describe and understand geographic phenomena. The quantitative revolution in the 1950s-60s marked a shift in geography from descriptive regional studies to an empirical, spatially focused science. Qualitative research examines observations to discover meanings and relationships without mathematical models. While distinct, quantitative and qualitative approaches are also complementary, with qualitative work informing hypotheses to be tested quantitatively.
This document contains 34 multiple choice questions about police organization and administration. It discusses topics like the different types of police organizational structures, principles of management, roles and ranks within the police force, and historical events related to the development of the Philippine National Police. The questions are intended to analyze test material for a police organization and administration exam. Short hashtags are included between some questions for additional context.
There are three basic types of meteorites: stony, iron, and stony-iron. Stony meteorites are the most common type, making up 90% of meteorite falls. The value of a meteorite depends on its chemical composition and abundance - rare meteorites from Mars or the Moon can be worth $2,500-$3,000 per gram. Meteorite hunters search known strewn fields using metal detectors and magnets to locate scattered fragments, sometimes following eyewitness accounts of meteorite falls.
This topic includes representation of topography by various non mathematical and mathematical methods.
Pictorial method (Hachure lines, Hill shading)
Mathematical method (Spot heights,Bench marks, Trigonometrical stations, Layer tint or altitude tints, Contour lines )
Combination of different methods
Field report Gilgit Baltistan by Samiullahsami ullah
This document provides a geological field report from a student's field trip through northern Pakistan. The student visited areas from Muslimabad to Hunza over 6 days, observing and documenting different rock types. Key stops included Besham, Kohistan, Gilgit, and Hunza. Rocks observed included basalts, andesites, metasedimentary rocks, diorites, dunites, gabbro, basalt, gabbro norites and pyroxenites. The report includes an introduction, literature review on the geology of the areas visited, and detailed documentation of stops made each day, including observations of rock types and structures.
This document discusses community-based corrections programs as alternatives to confinement for criminal offenders. It describes probation, parole, and conditional pardon programs and the basic principles of treating offenders in the community. Key aspects covered include the history of probation beginning with John Augustus in 1841, the roles of probation officers and parole boards, eligibility criteria for different programs, conditions imposed on offenders, and distinctions between parole and probation.
amphibole asbestos, application of asbestos, applications of asbestos fibres, asbestos grades, mining of asbestos, most common types of asbestos asbestos fibrous min, osha’s asbestos standard, properties of asbestos cement products, properties of asbestos fibres asbestos deposits in, quality control, resources type of asbestos, separating of asbestos, serpentine asbestos (or chrysotile asbestos), the manufacturing process of asbestos, types of egyptian asbestos deposits, typical asbestos types in structures, uses of asbestos, where asbestos is found type of asbestos, world asbestos production, world asbestos production by type
Geography is the study of what is where, how it got there, and why we care. It examines both physical features and human/cultural aspects of the world. Geographers use tools like maps to analyze location, movement, place, region, and human-environment interaction at various scales. Some key areas of study include food origins and production, climate and seasons, population patterns, and remote sensing of urban areas. Geography integrates concepts from both the natural and social sciences to provide a holistic understanding of the world. Fieldwork allows geographers to directly observe and explore places.
Geography is an interesting subject for all. It deals with location, space, patterns and distribution of life, landforms, resources, environment and development. Human geography is the study of human use and understanding of the whole world and the processes which have affected it. This module explains about the importance of human geography.
- Crystallography is the study of crystal shapes and symmetry based on how atoms combine to form geometric patterns on the smallest scale.
- There are 5 main symmetry functions that determine the 32 possible crystal classes: axis of rotation, mirror plane, center of symmetry, axis of rotoinversion, and crystal forms.
- Crystal forms include pinacoids, prisms, pyramids, dipyramids, and others that are characteristic of specific crystal classes and systems. Identifying crystal forms is important for determining the crystal's symmetry and class.
Fluorescent and phosphorescence mineralsRamsha Afzal
This document provides information about fluorescent and phosphorescent minerals. It discusses what causes fluorescence in minerals, lists examples of fluorescent minerals like calcite and willemite, and explains that fluorescence occurs when minerals are exposed to ultraviolet light. The document also briefly mentions phosphorescence and provides photos and descriptions of various colorful, fluorescent mineral specimens from around the world.
Most deserts have highly angular landscapes due to mechanical weathering dominating over deposition. Desert rainfall is infrequent, intense, and unreliable, causing flash flooding and erosion. The three main types of deserts are ergs, which are large seas of sand; regs with thin desert pavements of stones; and hamadas dominated by bedrock. In deserts, fluvial erosion carves steep canyons, while deposition forms alluvial fans. Aeolian processes cause erosion through deflation and abrasion, and deposition forms migrating dunes like barchans and transverse dunes. Desert terrain also includes basin and range topography with pediments and playas, and resistant rock landforms emerge like insel
Uluru, located in Australia's Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, is a large sandstone rock protrusion that was formed by erosion over millions of years. It is an example of an inselberg, which are isolated hills that rise abruptly from flatter surrounding land. The document then defines and provides examples of various landforms and geological features such as dunes, deltas, karst landscapes, cliffs, and glacial landforms. It also discusses features related to weathering and mass wasting processes.
The document discusses six approaches to political geography: power analysis, historical, morphological, functional, behavioral, and systematic. It focuses on defining and explaining the functional and behavioral approaches. The functional approach studies how political areas function and interact internally and externally. It examines centralizing and decentralizing forces. The behavioral approach identifies space as an independent variable and studies how human behavior is influenced by territorial boundaries and patterns.
This document provides an overview of a short course on gemology taught at Somaville University. It defines gemology as the science dealing with natural and artificial gemstone materials. It then discusses what constitutes a gemstone and provides details on hardness, clarity, treatments, and sources for several precious and semi-precious gemstones including diamond, ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz, zircon, and spinel. Requirements for good quality gemstones are outlined. Mohs scale of hardness is also explained.
To understand geography, it is a prerequisite to know its creators, their philosophy, aim and methods. These are really interesting and enrich our vision.
This document discusses aerial photography and how to determine flight direction from aerial photographs. It begins by defining aerial photography and noting that quality is determined by factors like the camera lens and material. Aerial photographs are classified by camera orientation and focal length. Annotations on photographs like fiducial marks, principal points, and X/Y coordinates are used to determine flight direction by finding matching or conjugate points between overlapping photographs. Careful planning of factors like scale, camera format, and overlap is needed to acquire the photographs and cover the study area.
Gemmology is a vast subject to learn about all the Gemstones, their properties, occurrences, geographical location, geometrical structure or formations, various colour shades, transparency to opaque, sheen & luster, cuts & shapes, carat & cost, testing through various instruments & devices for their Real, synthetics or simulants.
The document discusses how topographic maps in India are organized and identified using a hierarchical system of map sheets with different scales. Topographic maps are divided into million sheet sections at 1:1,000,000 scale, degree sheets at 1:250,000 scale, toposheets at 1:50,000 scale, and further subdivided toposheets at 1:25,000 scale that are identified by letters and numbers corresponding to their location and scale. This system allows precise identification of location for any place shown on topographic maps in India.
The document discusses quantitative and qualitative methods in geography. It explains that quantitative methods involve collecting and analyzing numerical data through techniques like statistics, mapping, and modeling to describe and understand geographic phenomena. The quantitative revolution in the 1950s-60s marked a shift in geography from descriptive regional studies to an empirical, spatially focused science. Qualitative research examines observations to discover meanings and relationships without mathematical models. While distinct, quantitative and qualitative approaches are also complementary, with qualitative work informing hypotheses to be tested quantitatively.
This document contains 34 multiple choice questions about police organization and administration. It discusses topics like the different types of police organizational structures, principles of management, roles and ranks within the police force, and historical events related to the development of the Philippine National Police. The questions are intended to analyze test material for a police organization and administration exam. Short hashtags are included between some questions for additional context.
There are three basic types of meteorites: stony, iron, and stony-iron. Stony meteorites are the most common type, making up 90% of meteorite falls. The value of a meteorite depends on its chemical composition and abundance - rare meteorites from Mars or the Moon can be worth $2,500-$3,000 per gram. Meteorite hunters search known strewn fields using metal detectors and magnets to locate scattered fragments, sometimes following eyewitness accounts of meteorite falls.
This topic includes representation of topography by various non mathematical and mathematical methods.
Pictorial method (Hachure lines, Hill shading)
Mathematical method (Spot heights,Bench marks, Trigonometrical stations, Layer tint or altitude tints, Contour lines )
Combination of different methods
Field report Gilgit Baltistan by Samiullahsami ullah
This document provides a geological field report from a student's field trip through northern Pakistan. The student visited areas from Muslimabad to Hunza over 6 days, observing and documenting different rock types. Key stops included Besham, Kohistan, Gilgit, and Hunza. Rocks observed included basalts, andesites, metasedimentary rocks, diorites, dunites, gabbro, basalt, gabbro norites and pyroxenites. The report includes an introduction, literature review on the geology of the areas visited, and detailed documentation of stops made each day, including observations of rock types and structures.
This document discusses community-based corrections programs as alternatives to confinement for criminal offenders. It describes probation, parole, and conditional pardon programs and the basic principles of treating offenders in the community. Key aspects covered include the history of probation beginning with John Augustus in 1841, the roles of probation officers and parole boards, eligibility criteria for different programs, conditions imposed on offenders, and distinctions between parole and probation.
amphibole asbestos, application of asbestos, applications of asbestos fibres, asbestos grades, mining of asbestos, most common types of asbestos asbestos fibrous min, osha’s asbestos standard, properties of asbestos cement products, properties of asbestos fibres asbestos deposits in, quality control, resources type of asbestos, separating of asbestos, serpentine asbestos (or chrysotile asbestos), the manufacturing process of asbestos, types of egyptian asbestos deposits, typical asbestos types in structures, uses of asbestos, where asbestos is found type of asbestos, world asbestos production, world asbestos production by type
Geography is the study of what is where, how it got there, and why we care. It examines both physical features and human/cultural aspects of the world. Geographers use tools like maps to analyze location, movement, place, region, and human-environment interaction at various scales. Some key areas of study include food origins and production, climate and seasons, population patterns, and remote sensing of urban areas. Geography integrates concepts from both the natural and social sciences to provide a holistic understanding of the world. Fieldwork allows geographers to directly observe and explore places.
Geography is an interesting subject for all. It deals with location, space, patterns and distribution of life, landforms, resources, environment and development. Human geography is the study of human use and understanding of the whole world and the processes which have affected it. This module explains about the importance of human geography.
- Crystallography is the study of crystal shapes and symmetry based on how atoms combine to form geometric patterns on the smallest scale.
- There are 5 main symmetry functions that determine the 32 possible crystal classes: axis of rotation, mirror plane, center of symmetry, axis of rotoinversion, and crystal forms.
- Crystal forms include pinacoids, prisms, pyramids, dipyramids, and others that are characteristic of specific crystal classes and systems. Identifying crystal forms is important for determining the crystal's symmetry and class.
Fluorescent and phosphorescence mineralsRamsha Afzal
This document provides information about fluorescent and phosphorescent minerals. It discusses what causes fluorescence in minerals, lists examples of fluorescent minerals like calcite and willemite, and explains that fluorescence occurs when minerals are exposed to ultraviolet light. The document also briefly mentions phosphorescence and provides photos and descriptions of various colorful, fluorescent mineral specimens from around the world.
Most deserts have highly angular landscapes due to mechanical weathering dominating over deposition. Desert rainfall is infrequent, intense, and unreliable, causing flash flooding and erosion. The three main types of deserts are ergs, which are large seas of sand; regs with thin desert pavements of stones; and hamadas dominated by bedrock. In deserts, fluvial erosion carves steep canyons, while deposition forms alluvial fans. Aeolian processes cause erosion through deflation and abrasion, and deposition forms migrating dunes like barchans and transverse dunes. Desert terrain also includes basin and range topography with pediments and playas, and resistant rock landforms emerge like insel
Uluru, located in Australia's Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, is a large sandstone rock protrusion that was formed by erosion over millions of years. It is an example of an inselberg, which are isolated hills that rise abruptly from flatter surrounding land. The document then defines and provides examples of various landforms and geological features such as dunes, deltas, karst landscapes, cliffs, and glacial landforms. It also discusses features related to weathering and mass wasting processes.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
2. Geographical Indication
A geographical indication (GI) is a name or
sign used on products which corresponds to a
specific geographical location or origin (e.g. a
town, region, or country).
10. Some other product of Assam, which trying to
acquire the GI tag are-
Phulam Gamosa
Kadji Nemu (Assam lemon)
Bell metal craft of Sarthebari
Brass metal craft of Hajo
Eri silk
Local Liquor (Laopani)
Bora Chaul (Sticky rice)
Kopou Ful (a local orchid)
Fulam Japi (decorated Japi)
Burmese grape (leteku)
Ou Tenga (Assam elephant apple)
11.
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