Congress passed laws in 2004 and 2010 requiring schools to implement wellness policies to promote student health. These policies must include nutrition and physical activity goals, and be publicly reported on periodically. The policies aim to address childhood obesity by encouraging healthy eating and daily physical activity. Parents and the community are encouraged to get involved by supporting their school's wellness initiatives.
Soraya Ghebleh - Strategies to Reduce Childhood ObesitySoraya Ghebleh
This is a presentation from Soraya Ghebleh that looks at the problem of childhood obesity in America and offers potential policy and strategy solutions.
Soraya Ghebleh - Strategies to Reduce Childhood ObesitySoraya Ghebleh
This is a presentation from Soraya Ghebleh that looks at the problem of childhood obesity in America and offers potential policy and strategy solutions.
Childhood Obesity Prevention: What's the Evidence?Health Evidence™
Presented as part of a Canadian Institutes of Health funded Knowledge Translation Supplement grant (KTB-112487) (1 of 8 webinars). Recorded May 23, 2012.
Childhood obesity, a very complex health issue that becomes a growing problem in the U.S. In fact, “over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese.” (Child obesity, n.d.). Physical diseases and conditions are often accompanying obesity. Also, obesity may have an adverse effect on various systems in a child’s body, such as heart, lungs, muscles and bones, kidneys, digestive tract, and hormones that control blood sugar and puberty. Furthermore, it can take a toll on social life because obese kids and teenagers are more likely to have low self-esteem. “Childhood obesity is one of the most serious threats to the health of our nation.” (Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity, n.d.). Children and youth who are obese and overweight will likely remain overweight or obese into adulthood.
References
Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/content/rwjf/en/how-we-work/grants-explorer/featured-programs/healthy-eating-research.html
Childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/global-obesity-trends-in-children/
Childhood Obesity Prevention: What's the Evidence?Health Evidence™
Presented as part of a Canadian Institutes of Health funded Knowledge Translation Supplement grant (KTB-112487) (1 of 8 webinars). Recorded May 23, 2012.
Childhood obesity, a very complex health issue that becomes a growing problem in the U.S. In fact, “over the past three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled in the U.S., and today, the country has some of the highest obesity rates in the world: one out of six children is obese, and one out of three children is overweight or obese.” (Child obesity, n.d.). Physical diseases and conditions are often accompanying obesity. Also, obesity may have an adverse effect on various systems in a child’s body, such as heart, lungs, muscles and bones, kidneys, digestive tract, and hormones that control blood sugar and puberty. Furthermore, it can take a toll on social life because obese kids and teenagers are more likely to have low self-esteem. “Childhood obesity is one of the most serious threats to the health of our nation.” (Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity, n.d.). Children and youth who are obese and overweight will likely remain overweight or obese into adulthood.
References
Building evidence to prevent childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.rwjf.org/content/rwjf/en/how-we-work/grants-explorer/featured-programs/healthy-eating-research.html
Childhood obesity. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/obesity-prevention-source/obesity-trends/global-obesity-trends-in-children/
Nevada's School Wellness Implementation Reporting Tool 4.16.15Nevada Agriculture
Nevada's School Wellness Implementation Reporting Tool presentation from 4.16.15. Presentation covers how we use the implementation reporting tool, how the tool works, who is required to complete what, due dates, completion incentives, and resources.
PROGRAM ANALYSIS 2
PROGRAM ANALYSIS 8
Program Analysis
Sample Paper
Running head: PROGRAM ANALYSIS 1
PHE 525 Milestone Three: Program Analysis
Overview
The Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project, known as Mass In Motion, is a state-wide initiative to promote a healthy lifestyle in places where people work, live and play. The initiative was funded by in 2011 by a grant through the Affordable Care Act with a goal to create a multilevel and multisector intervention strategy to prevent and control obesity, combining interventions in the health care setting with public health interventions in the community. (Davison et al., 2015)The project was designed to be a comprehensive wellness initiative, incorporating evidence-based interventions in primary healthcare with community programs, WIC and other nutrition programs, as well as early childhood education centers and schools/afterschool programs. The goal was to form a partnership among the many different social and environmental factors that effect a child’s health and well-being, as well as to identify and target these factors to institute a change in health behaviors. (MA-CORD Study Group, 2015)
The program began as a part of a 2009 initiative started by Governor Deval Patrick which funded projects in 14 cities and towns across Massachusetts. In 2011 the state was awarded a grant through the CDC which allowed the program to be expanded to cover 52 Massachusetts cities and towns, impacting 33% of the state population, and as of 2014 there are 60 cities and towns with active Mass in Motion projects. While the main focus of the CORD component, funded by the CDC was on children 2-12 year sold, the Mass In Motion program has also developed programs for improving worksite health and overall community health. These programs have increased workplace productivity, lowered stress levels, encouraged weight loss, and improved green space across the state. (Mass in Motion, 2016)
Theoretical Approach
The framework of Mass in Motion is the social ecological model, a model which looks at the complex relationships between an individual, his/her personal relationships, community, institutional elements, community, and overall social policy. This framework is not designed to distinguish one factor as a reason or cause for the obesity, but rather looks at the interaction of these factors and how they can effect individual risk for obesity. The MA-CORD Study Group then developed interventions based on Social Cognitive Theory, recognizing and emphasizing the importance of social influence and reinforcement for behavior change.
Figure 1. MA-CORD Intervention Sectors
As seen in Figure 1, the project is designed to combat childhood obesity by impacting the individual and environmental factors that can contribute to living a non-healthy lifestyle. At the individual level, children and parents are both given information and support to develop healthy habits while in the school .
PROGRAM ANALYSIS 2
PROGRAM ANALYSIS 8
Program Analysis
Sample Paper
Running head: PROGRAM ANALYSIS 1
PHE 525 Milestone Three: Program Analysis
Overview
The Massachusetts Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project, known as Mass In Motion, is a state-wide initiative to promote a healthy lifestyle in places where people work, live and play. The initiative was funded by in 2011 by a grant through the Affordable Care Act with a goal to create a multilevel and multisector intervention strategy to prevent and control obesity, combining interventions in the health care setting with public health interventions in the community. (Davison et al., 2015)The project was designed to be a comprehensive wellness initiative, incorporating evidence-based interventions in primary healthcare with community programs, WIC and other nutrition programs, as well as early childhood education centers and schools/afterschool programs. The goal was to form a partnership among the many different social and environmental factors that effect a child’s health and well-being, as well as to identify and target these factors to institute a change in health behaviors. (MA-CORD Study Group, 2015)
The program began as a part of a 2009 initiative started by Governor Deval Patrick which funded projects in 14 cities and towns across Massachusetts. In 2011 the state was awarded a grant through the CDC which allowed the program to be expanded to cover 52 Massachusetts cities and towns, impacting 33% of the state population, and as of 2014 there are 60 cities and towns with active Mass in Motion projects. While the main focus of the CORD component, funded by the CDC was on children 2-12 year sold, the Mass In Motion program has also developed programs for improving worksite health and overall community health. These programs have increased workplace productivity, lowered stress levels, encouraged weight loss, and improved green space across the state. (Mass in Motion, 2016)
Theoretical Approach
The framework of Mass in Motion is the social ecological model, a model which looks at the complex relationships between an individual, his/her personal relationships, community, institutional elements, community, and overall social policy. This framework is not designed to distinguish one factor as a reason or cause for the obesity, but rather looks at the interaction of these factors and how they can effect individual risk for obesity. The MA-CORD Study Group then developed interventions based on Social Cognitive Theory, recognizing and emphasizing the importance of social influence and reinforcement for behavior change.
Figure 1. MA-CORD Intervention Sectors
As seen in Figure 1, the project is designed to combat childhood obesity by impacting the individual and environmental factors that can contribute to living a non-healthy lifestyle. At the individual level, children and parents are both given information and support to develop healthy habits while in the school ...
1Running head NUTRITION IN SCHOOLSNUTRITION IN SCHOOLS .docxvickeryr87
1
Running head NUTRITION IN SCHOOLS
NUTRITION IN SCHOOLS 2
Nutrition in Schools
Author
Institution
Nutrition in Schools
The children are the future of this great nation. As such, it is important that adequate attention and consideration is put into ensuring the future of the nation is secured. The growing incidences of child obesity should thus, be considered a threat to the future of the country. One is termed as being obese when they have a body mass percentage that is at and/ or goes over the 95th percentile of the CDC sex specific BMI charts. As a nurse, I feel that there is immediate need to address the matter of childhood obesity and nip it in the bud before it grows and becomes an even more troublesome issue. According to a report released by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently, approximately 13.7 million children aged between the ages of 2 and 19 suffered from obesity (CDC, 2018). These numbers are very alarming especially seeing that there is an anticipated increase. The purpose of this paper is to communicate the author’s desire to implement policies in schools that will help manage and eventually reduce the prevalence of obesity in the nation by proposing solutions to the problem.
The Problem of Obesity
The food an individual consumes plays an important role in shaping their health. As such, it is very worrying when children continue to feed on heavily processed foods that are not nutritionally beneficial to them. Child obesity, just like adult obesity, is caused by the consumption of high-calorie foods and beverages that are lacking essential nutrients. This, paired with living a sedentary lifestyle, increases the chances of becoming overweight and eventually, obese (Dawes, 2014).
Obese children have very many health risks including, high cholesterol as well as high blood pressure which makes them susceptible to developing heart conditions, breathing problems such as asthma, joint problems; they may also develop mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression. Childhood obesity also negatively impairs the child’s social development and ability to associate properly with their peers. This is due to the feelings of low self-esteem they may develop as a result of being jeered at by other children because of their weight. They become anxious about whether they will be socially accepted by their age mates and conclude that they will not be. As a result, they end up isolating themselves and if this is left unaddressed, they may become depressed (Halfon, Larson & Slasser, 2016). When this children grow up to become adults, they are at risk of even more health problems such as adult obesity which brings with it even more serious health conditions such as risk of developing Diabetes type 2, Heart disease as well as cancer. According to CDC, when child obesity is left to advance into adu.
Planning Your Visit - School Nutrition School health .docxmattjtoni51554
Planning Your Visit - School Nutrition
School health and nutrition and reducing childhood obesity call for crucial attention for the health, wellbeing, growth, and development for school aged children. Changes must be made to assist schools to implement and improve on educating children on the importance of eating healthy and increasing daily physical activity. The purpose of this paper and this writer’s priority issue is to provide healthier food options on school menus for children by discussing the importance of a dietitian and their role of implementing these healthy options. In addition, recommending assisting meal programs and school gardening. The overall focus is to improve children’s diet and increase healthier lifestyle by decreasing the rate of childhood obesity.
Key Strategies
As a nurse, nutrition is an important topic to advocate. Childhood obesity is a serious problem in the United States putting children at risk for poor health and serious health conditions (Weicheselbaum, Buttriss, 2014). According to the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2017), about 1 in 6 (17%) of children in the United States are considered overweight or are considered obese. This writer’s purpose is to advocate and implement healthy lifestyles modifications starting at a young age. These concerns will be addressed by contacting the State House Representative, Shevrin D. “Shev” Jones.
The first step in planning the visit was conducting research and gathering contact information on local schools in the community, a dietitian, and a local policy maker or legislator who seems to express the same concerns to implement healthier nutrition in schools. A detailed email outlining the current status, an overview of the plan with potential benefits or outcomes, as well as potential drawbacks and costs was sent to Shevrin D. “Shev” Jones. The principal of Pembroke Pines Charter Elementary School, Michael Castellano, the director of dining services of Chartwells, Javier Diaz, would also be contacted. After two days, a telephone call was placed and a meeting was set up with Shevrin D. “Shev” Jones. Prior to placing a telephone call and prior to the meeting, this writer prepared the night before for the meeting conversation and possible questions that may arise. Upon meeting with Shevrin D. “Shev” Jones, this writer introduced herself, gave a concise background of the years of experience in the healthcare field, and expressed how important healthy living is. The conversation then started by mentioning that this writer wants to make a policy change of changing school nutrition by including healthier options for children to chose from. In doing so, hiring a dietitian, recommending providing assisting meal programs and school gardening were suggested solutions. Facts were given about how serious childhood obesity is and the health problems associated with this condition, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, cardiovasc.
Aene project a medium city public students obesity studyCIRINEU COSTA
Identifying undernutrition and obesity on students and propose public policies of health are urgent issues. This paper presents a study with weight and stature from students collected by physical education teachers (PEF) in schools of a city near São Paulo. The PEF collected the data and they were inserted in a program especially developed for each school Department (AENE Project). The datas were analyzed by software and evaluation done based on a World Health Organization (WHO_2007) table, that develops health programs worldwide. The results evaluations were used to raise the students and family, teachers and responsibles for treatment search (when required).
NU32CH19-Foltz ARI 9 July 2012 1945Population-Level Inter.docxhoney725342
NU32CH19-Foltz ARI 9 July 2012 19:45
Population-Level Intervention
Strategies and Examples
for Obesity Prevention
in Children∗
Jennifer L. Foltz,1 Ashleigh L. May,1 Brook Belay,1
Allison J. Nihiser,2 Carrie A. Dooyema,1
and Heidi M. Blanck1
1Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, 2Division of Population Health,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341; email: [email protected]
Annu. Rev. Nutr. 2012. 32:391–415
First published online as a Review in Advance on
April 23, 2012
The Annual Review of Nutrition is online at
nutr.annualreviews.org
This article’s doi:
10.1146/annurev-nutr-071811-150646
0199-9885/12/0821-0391$20.00
∗This is a work of the U.S. Government and is
not subject to copyright protection in the
United States.
Keywords
obesity prevention, children, nutrition, physical activity, interventions
Abstract
With obesity affecting approximately 12.5 million American youth,
population-level interventions are indicated to help support healthy
behaviors. The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of
population-level intervention strategies and specific intervention exam-
ples that illustrate ways to help prevent and control obesity in children
through improving nutrition and physical activity behaviors. Informa-
tion is summarized within the settings where children live, learn, and
play (early care and education, school, community, health care, home).
Intervention strategies are activities or changes intended to promote
healthful behaviors in children. They were identified from (a) systematic
reviews; (b) evidence- and expert consensus–based recommendations,
guidelines, or standards from nongovernmental or federal agencies;
and finally (c) peer-reviewed synthesis reviews. Intervention examples
illustrate how at least one of the strategies was used in a particular
setting. To identify interventions examples, we considered (a) peer-
reviewed literature as well as (b) additional sources with research-tested
and practice-based initiatives. Researchers and practitioners may use
this review as they set priorities and promote integration across settings
and to find research- and practice-tested intervention examples that can
be replicated in their communities for childhood obesity prevention.
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NU32CH19-Foltz ARI 9 July 2012 19:45
IOM: Institute of
Medicine
Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392
INTERVENTIONS BY
SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
Early Care and Education . . . . . . . . . . 394
School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 398
Health .
Running head CHILDHOOD OBESITY 1CHILDHOOD OBESITY 7.docxsusanschei
Running head: CHILDHOOD OBESITY 1
CHILDHOOD OBESITY 7
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Summary of the Study
The study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of school-based programs in treating and managing overweight and obesity among children. Childhood obesity is increasingly becoming both national and global public health concern that has resulted in increased childhood morbidity and mortality. In particular, childhood obesity has catapulted the increase in health problems such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, as well as osteoarthritis later in adulthood (Mahmood et al. 2014). Schools can provide one of the most effective channels through which childhood obesity interventions can be directed. In this respect, policies, procedures, and guidelines have been passed in many nations and states for the implementation of school-based interventions. In the United States, many studies have recommended the utilization of school-based obesity management programs to address the unending crisis of childhood obesity. In light of this concern, this study seeks to investigate the efficacy of school-based interventions in treating and managing childhood obesity. In particular, the study will also assess school methodologies such as incorporation of obesity education into the routine curriculum in minimizing the constantly-increasing cases of obese children population.
Method of Study
The study is also going to use qualitative design in order to examine the perception of children towards school-based obesity management initiatives. Previous studies conducted by Clarke et al. (2015) also sought to investigate the experiences and views of kids who went through school-based obesity management programs. This can help to improve knowledge and understanding of better ways to address the problem of childhood obesity within school settings. In order to provide a comprehensive finding that guides future clinical decision-making, the study will evaluate efficacy of school-based interventions with respect to many key areas. They include cost efficiency of school-based interventions, improvements in physical activities and healthy eating habits following interventions, as well as level of awareness among children on the dangers of childhood obesity and the ways in which it can be averted. Furthermore, effectiveness will be investigated through evaluation of body weight and BMI before and after the introductions of these interventions (Mahmood et al. 2014). Most significantly, cardiovascular fitness and other outcome measures will be investigated. The target population and participants of the study will mainly be school-going children. Both boys and girls with an average age of between 8 and 16 years will be incorporated into the study.
Schools vary in the ways in which they utilize such interventions. For instance, some schools utilize planet health programs that incorpo ...
A health promoting school (HPS) is a school that constantly seeks to strengthen its capacity to promote healthy living, learning and working conditions (WHO). It aims to provide a multifaceted response to the health needs of students.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
2. Congress recognized the important role schools
play in promoting health. In 2004, Congress
passed the Child Nutrition and Women Infants
and Children (WIC) Reauthorization Act that
required by law all education agencies
participating in the National School Lunch
Program to create local wellness policies. Each
education agency was responsible for
developing their own wellness policy so that
individual needs could be addressed (CDC,
2011b).
3. New provisions for local wellness policies
were added in 2010 when Congress passed
the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act. The
provisions require agencies to be measured
periodically on the extent of compliance with
the local wellness policy and the progress
made in achieving the goals of the individual
policy. These assessments must be made
available to the public by the end of the 2012
school year (CDC, 2011b).
4. Nutrition promotion and education goals
Physical activity goals
Nutrition guidelines to reduce childhood obesity
and promote health
Educate and update the community about the
content and implementation
Be periodically measured on compliance with
the policy and the progress made in attaining
the goals set forth. Progress assessments must
be made publicly available.
(CDC, 2011b)
5. Permit parents, students, school health
professionals, physical education teachers,
school administrators, food authority
representatives, the school board, and the
general public to participate in the
development, execution, and update of the
policy (CDC, 2011b).The greater the diversity of
members involved in the wellness policy
process, the greater the chance to develop
extensive support for wellness policies (School
Wellness Policies, 2007).
6. In the past 30 years, childhood obesity has
tripled (CDC, 2011a).
Obesity affects 17% of children in the United
States (CDC, 2011a).
More than 23 million children and teens, one
in three young people, are overweight or
obese in the United States today (RWJF,
n.d.).
7. Obese children are at an increased risk for
sleep apnea, asthma, joint
problems, gallstones, reflux, diabetes, hypert
ension, and high cholesterol. Overweight
children are more likely to become obese
adults and adult obesity is associated with
heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers
(CDC, 2011a).
8. Childhood obesity threatens the health of
young people and puts their future potential
at risk. Obese youth miss more school, have
an increased risk for developing social and
psychological problems including poor self-
esteem and discrimination (CDC, 2011a).
9. Physically active children are more likely to
be attentive, motivated, and achieve
academic success (Pekruhn, 2009).
Participating in regular physical activity
during childhood and adolescence helps
reduce anxiety and stress, increases mood,
concentration, and self-esteem which
influence learning (Pekruhn, 2009).
10. Join the wellness policy revision committee at
your child’s school
Encourage the school to adopt healthier food
choices and proper portion sizes (School
Wellness Policies, 2007).
Encourage the school not to eliminate recess as
a form of punishment
Encourage physical education daily at school
(School Wellness Policies, 2007).
Increase your child’s physical activity at home
(School Wellness Policies, 2007).
11. Learn about the scope of the wellness policy at
your child’s school
Follow the school’s progress to ensure
accountability
Help the school explore funding opportunities
for health initiatives (School Wellness Policies,
2007).
Support restricting vending machine purchases
during the school day. The availability of junk
food in school can be attributed to
approximately one-fifth of the average increase
in adolescent weight (Pekruhn, 2009).
12. Children spend the majority of their day at school making
the education system a valuable tool for promoting healthy
nutrition.
Schools have the ability to encourage students to make
healthy choices by increasing access to nutritious
foods, physical activities, and through curricula (Schwarz
& Aratani, 2011). However, the school alone cannot
combat the obesity epidemic.
Your help is needed too! As parents, you have a
responsibility to develop healthy habits in your child. Get
involved at your child’s school to ensure your child has
healthy food choices and participates in daily physical
activity.
Your dedication, support, and encouragement can make a
difference!
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]
(2011a). Childhood overweight and obesity.
Retrieved November 14, 2011 from
http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
(2011b). Local school wellness policy. Retrieved
November 14, 2011 from
http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/npao/wellness.h
tm
Pekruhn, Colin. (2009). Preventing Childhood
Obesity: A School Policy Guide. Retrieved from
http://www.rwjf.org/files/research/20090506nasb
eguide.pdf
14. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF). (n.d.).
Childhood obesity. Retrieved November 14, 2011 from
http://www.rwjf.org/healthpolicy/childhoodobesity/index
.jsp
School Wellness Policies. (2007). Legislator Policy Brief.
Retrieved from
http://www.healthystates.csg.org/NR/rdonlyres/C87EB2
8D-B2F6-4399-B1BD-
BC5617940019/0/SchoolWellnessPoliciesFINAL.pdf
Schwarz, S. & Aratani, Y. (2011). Improving the odds for
adolescents: State policies that support adolescent health
and well-being. Retrieved from
http://www.nccp.org/publications/pdf/text_1034.pdf
