Abu Sayyaf is an Islamist separatist terrorist group based in Isabela City in the southern Philippines. It was founded in the early 1990s by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani and has since had multiple leaders. While originally focused on separatism, the group shifted over time to criminal activities like kidnapping for ransom in order to fund its operations. Some of its most notorious attacks include the bombing of a ferry in 2004 that killed over 100 people and the kidnapping of tourists from a Malaysian resort in 2000.
Al harakatul al-islamiyyah essays on the abu sayyaf groupRommel Banlaoi
This chapter examines the roots and evolution of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) from its origins as a small band of Islamic separatists in the 1990s to a terrorist organization in the 2000s. It discusses how the ASG underwent a transformation from mere banditry to genuine terrorism. The chapter traces the ideological influences on the founding of the ASG and how it has changed its strategy and tactics over time in response to military pressure and other factors.
The document summarizes evidence from a kidnapping case involving Louise Emerson. DNA evidence from a rag and car matched Louise and one of the suspects. Blood evidence in the car also matched Louise and another suspect. Fingerprints in the car belonged to the owner, who is the brother of one of the suspects. Hair, soil, and fiber evidence also linked the suspects and Louise. A ransom note could provide a sample writing for comparison. Possible scenarios are that the brothers worked together to kidnap Louise for ransom money or to gain her position, and she may be dead or hidden at a nearby sawmill.
The Abu Sayyaf group was founded in 1991 in the southern Philippines by Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani with the goal of establishing an independent Islamic province. It operates mainly in the Sulu Archipelago and engages in bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations. Leadership passed to Khadaffy Janjalani after Abdurajik's death in 1998, and the group shifted its focus more to kidnappings for ransom. It remains one of the most active terrorist groups in the southern Philippines despite efforts by the government to defeat it.
Kidnap and ransom insurance provides coverage for kidnappings and ransom payments. It covers items like ransom payment, loss of income, interest on bank loans, and medical/psychiatric care for the victim. The insurance also provides crisis management teams to help minimize losses. Companies that offer this insurance include HDFC Ergo, ICICI Lombard, Tata AIG, United India Insurance, and The New India Assurance. While the insurance is not available in high-risk countries, it can help companies and individuals mitigate financial and psychological risks from kidnapping.
Optical Disc Piracy Trade in Quiapo, Philippines (Follow me on Twitter@detect...Dr. Vivencio (Ven) Ballano
This presentation is based on a dissertation study on the persistence of optical piracy trade in Quiapo Barter Trade Center complex before its "closure".
The document provides background information on the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), an Islamic separatist extremist group active in the southern Philippines. It summarizes that ASG was founded in 1991 by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, a veteran of the Soviet-Afghan war, with the goal of establishing an Islamic state. However, following losses of leadership in the late 1990s and 2000s, ASG fractured into smaller groups focused more on criminal activities like kidnapping and piracy to fund operations, rather than the original ideological goals. The document examines ASG's origins, leadership history, and motivations in seeking to establish an independent Islamic state for the Muslim minority in the southern Philippines
Abu Sayyaf is an Islamist separatist terrorist group based in Isabela City in the southern Philippines. It was founded in the early 1990s by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani and has since had multiple leaders. While originally focused on separatism, the group shifted over time to criminal activities like kidnapping for ransom in order to fund its operations. Some of its most notorious attacks include the bombing of a ferry in 2004 that killed over 100 people and the kidnapping of tourists from a Malaysian resort in 2000.
Al harakatul al-islamiyyah essays on the abu sayyaf groupRommel Banlaoi
This chapter examines the roots and evolution of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) from its origins as a small band of Islamic separatists in the 1990s to a terrorist organization in the 2000s. It discusses how the ASG underwent a transformation from mere banditry to genuine terrorism. The chapter traces the ideological influences on the founding of the ASG and how it has changed its strategy and tactics over time in response to military pressure and other factors.
The document summarizes evidence from a kidnapping case involving Louise Emerson. DNA evidence from a rag and car matched Louise and one of the suspects. Blood evidence in the car also matched Louise and another suspect. Fingerprints in the car belonged to the owner, who is the brother of one of the suspects. Hair, soil, and fiber evidence also linked the suspects and Louise. A ransom note could provide a sample writing for comparison. Possible scenarios are that the brothers worked together to kidnap Louise for ransom money or to gain her position, and she may be dead or hidden at a nearby sawmill.
The Abu Sayyaf group was founded in 1991 in the southern Philippines by Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani with the goal of establishing an independent Islamic province. It operates mainly in the Sulu Archipelago and engages in bombings, kidnappings, and assassinations. Leadership passed to Khadaffy Janjalani after Abdurajik's death in 1998, and the group shifted its focus more to kidnappings for ransom. It remains one of the most active terrorist groups in the southern Philippines despite efforts by the government to defeat it.
Kidnap and ransom insurance provides coverage for kidnappings and ransom payments. It covers items like ransom payment, loss of income, interest on bank loans, and medical/psychiatric care for the victim. The insurance also provides crisis management teams to help minimize losses. Companies that offer this insurance include HDFC Ergo, ICICI Lombard, Tata AIG, United India Insurance, and The New India Assurance. While the insurance is not available in high-risk countries, it can help companies and individuals mitigate financial and psychological risks from kidnapping.
Optical Disc Piracy Trade in Quiapo, Philippines (Follow me on Twitter@detect...Dr. Vivencio (Ven) Ballano
This presentation is based on a dissertation study on the persistence of optical piracy trade in Quiapo Barter Trade Center complex before its "closure".
The document provides background information on the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), an Islamic separatist extremist group active in the southern Philippines. It summarizes that ASG was founded in 1991 by Abdurajak Abubakar Janjalani, a veteran of the Soviet-Afghan war, with the goal of establishing an Islamic state. However, following losses of leadership in the late 1990s and 2000s, ASG fractured into smaller groups focused more on criminal activities like kidnapping and piracy to fund operations, rather than the original ideological goals. The document examines ASG's origins, leadership history, and motivations in seeking to establish an independent Islamic state for the Muslim minority in the southern Philippines
The document discusses kidnap for ransom (KFR) cases in the Philippines from 2010-2014. It provides background on KFR and the government agencies that handle related cases. Statistics show a rise in KFR by organized crime groups compared to terrorist groups. Most victims were Filipino, but the cases of detained foreign nationals Ewold Horn and Lorenzo Vinciguerra are discussed. The government faced challenges like political demands and low prosecution in Mindanao. Responses included anti-kidnapping task forces and coordination between agencies. Lessons included adhering to defense strategies and increasing community awareness.
Pro-Intell provides kidnap response and prevention services globally. Their experienced response team handles all aspects of a kidnapping case, from initial support and advice, to negotiations and communications. They aim to have a consultant on-scene as soon as possible after an incident. Pro-Intell also offers kidnap prevention recommendations, such as avoiding routines, reducing wealth displays, and taking security precautions when traveling or away from home, to reduce the risk of becoming a victim.
Terrorism in South Asia: Anatomy and the Root Causesiosrjce
This article examines the phenomenon of terrorism in South Asia. As we know that South Asia has a
long history of Conflicts, terrorism and trans-boarder ethnicity. The developmental challenges faced by most of
countries in South Asia leads to unemployment, Socio-economic marginalization, separatism, ethenic
nationalism and religious extremism. The technological threshold is low despite claims of high technology. Over
40 percent of total population are illiterate. There is human rights abuse, unemployment and uncontrolled
corruption. These and other factors make for a complicated crisis history marked by an assortment of events,
political violence and terrorism. South Asia is the most terror affected area of the world. Each country suffers
varying degree of insurgency and terror. In fact all countries are intertwined as far as terror networking is
concerned. The major conflicts in the region between India and Pakistan keep the resolution of terror problem
elusive. With these threats to political stability and territorial integrity, South Asia remains a region with a high
potential for violence and conflict. Terrorism is a disease which needs to be treated rather than fought. We are
not fighting an enemy but mentally sick and misguided who must be brought on course by looking in to their
grievances and aspirations. In order to find a lasting solution for terrorism in south Asia, it is necessary to find
the basic structure (i.e; Anatomy) and Root causes of terrorism in South Asia, so that the problem can be dealt
more effectively. This article also provides a detailed account regarding these complicated issues
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan TerorismeEdy Wardoyo
BNPT adalah lembaga pemerintah non-kementerian yang bertugas menyusun kebijakan dan mengkoordinasi penanggulangan terorisme di Indonesia. BNPT dipimpin oleh seorang Kepala yang diangkat oleh Presiden dan berada di bawah tanggung jawab Presiden. BNPT memiliki fungsi antara lain menyusun strategi penanggulangan terorisme, melakukan koordinasi antar instansi, dan melaksanakan kerja sama internasional di bidang tersebut.
Terorisme Mengancam Keamanan Nasional (B.D.O Siagian, Universitas Pertahanan ...Okt Unhan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang keamanan nasional dan terorisme di Indonesia. Terorisme mengancam keamanan nasional karena menimbulkan keresahan masyarakat, konflik, gangguan ekonomi, dan mengajarkan kekerasan. Ideologi radikal seperti wahabisme/salafisme merupakan akar terorisme yang bertujuan mendirikan negara Islam. Indonesia perlu melakukan deradikalisasi untuk melawan ideologi tersebut.
Parental Kidnapping and Custody Issues PresentationReina
The document summarizes information presented by various members of Group 5 on the topic of parental kidnapping. It discusses definitions and laws related to parental kidnapping, statistics on parental kidnapping cases nationally and internationally, the economic impacts and psychological effects on children, and intervention steps and resources available. Key presenters included Scott Church on definitions and laws, Albandari Alrayes on statistics, Jake Discrol on economic impacts, Megan Griffith and Amanda on psychological effects, and Reina Connolly on intervention resources.
Defense and Military COoperation Between the Philippines and China Banlaoi ca...Rommel Banlaoi
This document discusses the history and development of defense and military cooperation between the Philippines and China from 1945 to 2007. It notes that initially after WWII, the Philippines and China (ROC) established friendly relations and cooperation. However, from the 1950s through the 1990s, relations were adversarial due to the Philippines' alliance with the US and China's support for communist movements. After 9/11, when China supported the US war on terror, the geopolitical context changed and provided opportunities to broaden bilateral defense and military ties between the Philippines and China in the post-9/11 era. However, the document also notes ongoing obstacles to cooperation posed by the Philippines-US alliance and disputes over the South China Sea.
This document discusses piracy at sea and the potential role of mediation. It begins by defining key terms like piracy, kidnap for ransom, and the impact on seafarers. Case studies of specific ship hijackings are provided. The consequences of piracy are outlined, including ransom payments and insurance implications. Views from the shipping industry call for increased protection of seafarers and prosecution of financiers. While mediation could help resolve some hijackings, its applicability is unclear given the criminal nature and multiple parties involved in piracy.
Terrorism and political violence in South East AsiaGraeme Cross
While the threat of a terrorist attack is still very real in certain areas of the Asia Pacific, the region has seen several key country risk levels drop or remain low for 2016, according to Aon’s Terrorism and Political Violence Map, created in collaboration with The Risk Advisory Group.
This year Philippines, Thailand and Myanmar all reported a decrease in risk from high to moderate while Australia’s risk level remained low. Terrorism is cited as the main concern in Australia and Thailand and while the political environment in both Philippines and Myanmar has stablished somewhat, civil unrest and political violence are still the principal threats the countries face.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengertian terorisme, ciri-ciri, bentuk, dan tujuan terorisme. Terorisme didefinisikan sebagai tindakan kekerasan oleh pemerintah atau kelompok anti-pemerintah untuk mencapai tujuan politik. Ciri-ciri terorisme antara lain organisasi yang baik, mempunyai tujuan politik tetapi melakukan kejahatan, dan memilih sasaran sipil. Tujuan jangka pendek terorisme adal
Kidnappings Around the World – Rundown (in slides) of famous kidnapping cases like Charles Lindbergh Kidnapping, Boko Haram, Hamas kidnapping, Iraq Kidnapping, etc.
Pemberontakan RMS dipimpin oleh Soumokil yang ingin memisahkan diri dari NKRI. Pemerintah mengirim misi damai tetapi ditolak, sehingga operasi militer dilakukan untuk menumpas RMS. Perlawanan RMS berakhir pada 1950 tetapi kelompok ini terus melakukan aksi separatis hingga kini.
Radikalisme agama didefinisikan sebagai perilaku keagamaan yang menyalahi syariat dan mengambil sikap keras antar pihak yang bertikai. Ciri-ciri kaum radikal meliputi fanatisme, sikap keras yang tidak tepat, dan menuduh orang lain. Sejarah radikalisme meliputi aliran Khawarij pada masa awal Islam dan gerakan Wahhabi abad ke-12 M yang melakukan pembantaian. Radikalisme di Indonesia ditandai dengan aksi ke
Counter Terrorism Measures in Southeast Asia: How Effective Are They? by Romm...Rommel Banlaoi
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "Counter Terrorism Measures in Southeast Asia: How Effective Are They?" by Rommel C. Banlaoi.
The book examines terrorism as a concept in Southeast Asia, analyzes terrorist groups in the region, assesses counterterrorism responses by ASEAN countries, and explores regional cooperation and support from major powers. It aims to comprehensively understand terrorism in Southeast Asia and the varying counterterrorism policies of countries in the region. The book is intended to contribute to both academic and policy discussions on this important security issue.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang radikalisme dan gerakan radikal di Indonesia. Ia menjelaskan definisi radikalisme, contoh gerakan radikal berdasarkan agama di dunia dan Indonesia, pola gerakan radikal di Indonesia beserta doktrin dan proses radikalisasinya. Dokumen ini juga mengidentifikasi korban radikalisme khususnya pemuda dan ancaman yang ditimbulkannya beserta tips antisipasi.
This document contains a list of names, dates of birth, places of birth, and schools for various individuals. It includes 10 school names and over 100 entries with names and identifying information. The schools range from elementary to high schools located in different parts of the Philippines.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial y las vidas de las personas. Muchos países han impuesto medidas de confinamiento que han cerrado negocios y escuelas, y han pedido a la gente que se quede en casa tanto como sea posible para frenar la propagación del virus. A medida que los países comienzan a reabrir gradualmente, los expertos advierten que es probable que se produzcan nuevos brotes a menos que se realicen pruebas generalizadas y se implementen sistemas de rastreo de contactos para identificar rá
The document discusses kidnap for ransom (KFR) cases in the Philippines from 2010-2014. It provides background on KFR and the government agencies that handle related cases. Statistics show a rise in KFR by organized crime groups compared to terrorist groups. Most victims were Filipino, but the cases of detained foreign nationals Ewold Horn and Lorenzo Vinciguerra are discussed. The government faced challenges like political demands and low prosecution in Mindanao. Responses included anti-kidnapping task forces and coordination between agencies. Lessons included adhering to defense strategies and increasing community awareness.
Pro-Intell provides kidnap response and prevention services globally. Their experienced response team handles all aspects of a kidnapping case, from initial support and advice, to negotiations and communications. They aim to have a consultant on-scene as soon as possible after an incident. Pro-Intell also offers kidnap prevention recommendations, such as avoiding routines, reducing wealth displays, and taking security precautions when traveling or away from home, to reduce the risk of becoming a victim.
Terrorism in South Asia: Anatomy and the Root Causesiosrjce
This article examines the phenomenon of terrorism in South Asia. As we know that South Asia has a
long history of Conflicts, terrorism and trans-boarder ethnicity. The developmental challenges faced by most of
countries in South Asia leads to unemployment, Socio-economic marginalization, separatism, ethenic
nationalism and religious extremism. The technological threshold is low despite claims of high technology. Over
40 percent of total population are illiterate. There is human rights abuse, unemployment and uncontrolled
corruption. These and other factors make for a complicated crisis history marked by an assortment of events,
political violence and terrorism. South Asia is the most terror affected area of the world. Each country suffers
varying degree of insurgency and terror. In fact all countries are intertwined as far as terror networking is
concerned. The major conflicts in the region between India and Pakistan keep the resolution of terror problem
elusive. With these threats to political stability and territorial integrity, South Asia remains a region with a high
potential for violence and conflict. Terrorism is a disease which needs to be treated rather than fought. We are
not fighting an enemy but mentally sick and misguided who must be brought on course by looking in to their
grievances and aspirations. In order to find a lasting solution for terrorism in south Asia, it is necessary to find
the basic structure (i.e; Anatomy) and Root causes of terrorism in South Asia, so that the problem can be dealt
more effectively. This article also provides a detailed account regarding these complicated issues
Badan Nasional Penanggulangan TerorismeEdy Wardoyo
BNPT adalah lembaga pemerintah non-kementerian yang bertugas menyusun kebijakan dan mengkoordinasi penanggulangan terorisme di Indonesia. BNPT dipimpin oleh seorang Kepala yang diangkat oleh Presiden dan berada di bawah tanggung jawab Presiden. BNPT memiliki fungsi antara lain menyusun strategi penanggulangan terorisme, melakukan koordinasi antar instansi, dan melaksanakan kerja sama internasional di bidang tersebut.
Terorisme Mengancam Keamanan Nasional (B.D.O Siagian, Universitas Pertahanan ...Okt Unhan
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang keamanan nasional dan terorisme di Indonesia. Terorisme mengancam keamanan nasional karena menimbulkan keresahan masyarakat, konflik, gangguan ekonomi, dan mengajarkan kekerasan. Ideologi radikal seperti wahabisme/salafisme merupakan akar terorisme yang bertujuan mendirikan negara Islam. Indonesia perlu melakukan deradikalisasi untuk melawan ideologi tersebut.
Parental Kidnapping and Custody Issues PresentationReina
The document summarizes information presented by various members of Group 5 on the topic of parental kidnapping. It discusses definitions and laws related to parental kidnapping, statistics on parental kidnapping cases nationally and internationally, the economic impacts and psychological effects on children, and intervention steps and resources available. Key presenters included Scott Church on definitions and laws, Albandari Alrayes on statistics, Jake Discrol on economic impacts, Megan Griffith and Amanda on psychological effects, and Reina Connolly on intervention resources.
Defense and Military COoperation Between the Philippines and China Banlaoi ca...Rommel Banlaoi
This document discusses the history and development of defense and military cooperation between the Philippines and China from 1945 to 2007. It notes that initially after WWII, the Philippines and China (ROC) established friendly relations and cooperation. However, from the 1950s through the 1990s, relations were adversarial due to the Philippines' alliance with the US and China's support for communist movements. After 9/11, when China supported the US war on terror, the geopolitical context changed and provided opportunities to broaden bilateral defense and military ties between the Philippines and China in the post-9/11 era. However, the document also notes ongoing obstacles to cooperation posed by the Philippines-US alliance and disputes over the South China Sea.
This document discusses piracy at sea and the potential role of mediation. It begins by defining key terms like piracy, kidnap for ransom, and the impact on seafarers. Case studies of specific ship hijackings are provided. The consequences of piracy are outlined, including ransom payments and insurance implications. Views from the shipping industry call for increased protection of seafarers and prosecution of financiers. While mediation could help resolve some hijackings, its applicability is unclear given the criminal nature and multiple parties involved in piracy.
Terrorism and political violence in South East AsiaGraeme Cross
While the threat of a terrorist attack is still very real in certain areas of the Asia Pacific, the region has seen several key country risk levels drop or remain low for 2016, according to Aon’s Terrorism and Political Violence Map, created in collaboration with The Risk Advisory Group.
This year Philippines, Thailand and Myanmar all reported a decrease in risk from high to moderate while Australia’s risk level remained low. Terrorism is cited as the main concern in Australia and Thailand and while the political environment in both Philippines and Myanmar has stablished somewhat, civil unrest and political violence are still the principal threats the countries face.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang pengertian terorisme, ciri-ciri, bentuk, dan tujuan terorisme. Terorisme didefinisikan sebagai tindakan kekerasan oleh pemerintah atau kelompok anti-pemerintah untuk mencapai tujuan politik. Ciri-ciri terorisme antara lain organisasi yang baik, mempunyai tujuan politik tetapi melakukan kejahatan, dan memilih sasaran sipil. Tujuan jangka pendek terorisme adal
Kidnappings Around the World – Rundown (in slides) of famous kidnapping cases like Charles Lindbergh Kidnapping, Boko Haram, Hamas kidnapping, Iraq Kidnapping, etc.
Pemberontakan RMS dipimpin oleh Soumokil yang ingin memisahkan diri dari NKRI. Pemerintah mengirim misi damai tetapi ditolak, sehingga operasi militer dilakukan untuk menumpas RMS. Perlawanan RMS berakhir pada 1950 tetapi kelompok ini terus melakukan aksi separatis hingga kini.
Radikalisme agama didefinisikan sebagai perilaku keagamaan yang menyalahi syariat dan mengambil sikap keras antar pihak yang bertikai. Ciri-ciri kaum radikal meliputi fanatisme, sikap keras yang tidak tepat, dan menuduh orang lain. Sejarah radikalisme meliputi aliran Khawarij pada masa awal Islam dan gerakan Wahhabi abad ke-12 M yang melakukan pembantaian. Radikalisme di Indonesia ditandai dengan aksi ke
Counter Terrorism Measures in Southeast Asia: How Effective Are They? by Romm...Rommel Banlaoi
This document provides an overview and table of contents for the book "Counter Terrorism Measures in Southeast Asia: How Effective Are They?" by Rommel C. Banlaoi.
The book examines terrorism as a concept in Southeast Asia, analyzes terrorist groups in the region, assesses counterterrorism responses by ASEAN countries, and explores regional cooperation and support from major powers. It aims to comprehensively understand terrorism in Southeast Asia and the varying counterterrorism policies of countries in the region. The book is intended to contribute to both academic and policy discussions on this important security issue.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang radikalisme dan gerakan radikal di Indonesia. Ia menjelaskan definisi radikalisme, contoh gerakan radikal berdasarkan agama di dunia dan Indonesia, pola gerakan radikal di Indonesia beserta doktrin dan proses radikalisasinya. Dokumen ini juga mengidentifikasi korban radikalisme khususnya pemuda dan ancaman yang ditimbulkannya beserta tips antisipasi.
This document contains a list of names, dates of birth, places of birth, and schools for various individuals. It includes 10 school names and over 100 entries with names and identifying information. The schools range from elementary to high schools located in different parts of the Philippines.
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un impacto significativo en la economía mundial y las vidas de las personas. Muchos países han impuesto medidas de confinamiento que han cerrado negocios y escuelas, y han pedido a la gente que se quede en casa tanto como sea posible para frenar la propagación del virus. A medida que los países comienzan a reabrir gradualmente, los expertos advierten que es probable que se produzcan nuevos brotes a menos que se realicen pruebas generalizadas y se implementen sistemas de rastreo de contactos para identificar rá
Materi ini membahas tentang defenisi dan Usia Anak di Indonesia serta hubungannya dengan risiko terpapar kekerasan. Dalam modul ini, akan diuraikan berbagai bentuk kekerasan yang dapat dialami anak-anak, seperti kekerasan fisik, emosional, seksual, dan penelantaran.
Laporan Pembina Pramuka SD dalam format doc dapat anda jadikan sebagai rujukan dalam membuat laporan. silakan download di sini https://unduhperangkatku.com/contoh-laporan-kegiatan-pramuka-format-word/
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 Fase F Kurikulum MerdekaFathan Emran
Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Matematika Kelas 11 SMA/MA Fase F Kurikulum Merdeka.
Teori Fungsionalisme Kulturalisasi Talcott Parsons (Dosen Pengampu : Khoirin ...nasrudienaulia
Dalam teori fungsionalisme kulturalisasi Talcott Parsons, konsep struktur sosial sangat erat hubungannya dengan kulturalisasi. Struktur sosial merujuk pada pola-pola hubungan sosial yang terorganisir dalam masyarakat, termasuk hierarki, peran, dan institusi yang mengatur interaksi antara individu. Hubungan antara konsep struktur sosial dan kulturalisasi dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut:
1. Pola Interaksi Sosial: Struktur sosial menentukan pola interaksi sosial antara individu dalam masyarakat. Pola-pola ini dipengaruhi oleh norma-norma budaya yang diinternalisasi oleh anggota masyarakat melalui proses sosialisasi. Dengan demikian, struktur sosial dan kulturalisasi saling memengaruhi dalam membentuk cara individu berinteraksi dan berperilaku.
2. Distribusi Kekuasaan dan Otoritas: Struktur sosial menentukan distribusi kekuasaan dan otoritas dalam masyarakat. Nilai-nilai budaya yang dianut oleh masyarakat juga memengaruhi bagaimana kekuasaan dan otoritas didistribusikan dalam struktur sosial. Kulturalisasi memainkan peran dalam melegitimasi sistem kekuasaan yang ada melalui nilai-nilai yang dianut oleh masyarakat.
3. Fungsi Sosial: Struktur sosial dan kulturalisasi saling terkait dalam menjalankan fungsi-fungsi sosial dalam masyarakat. Nilai-nilai budaya dan norma-norma yang terinternalisasi membentuk dasar bagi pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi sosial yang diperlukan untuk menjaga keseimbangan dan stabilitas dalam masyarakat.
Dengan demikian, konsep struktur sosial dalam teori fungsionalisme kulturalisasi Parsons tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kulturalisasi karena keduanya saling berinteraksi dan saling memengaruhi dalam membentuk pola-pola hubungan sosial, distribusi kekuasaan, dan pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi sosial dalam masyarakat.
Universitas Negeri Jakarta banyak melahirkan tokoh pendidikan yang memiliki pengaruh didunia pendidikan. Beberapa diantaranya ada didalam file presentasi
Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 Fase E Kurikulum MerdekaFathan Emran
Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka - abdiera.com. Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka. Modul Ajar Bahasa Inggris Kelas 10 SMA/MA Fase E Kurikulum Merdeka.
KONSEP TEORI TERAPI KOMPLEMENTER - KELAS B KELOMPOK 10.pdf
Geo
1. Operasi menumpas Abu Sayyaf, 12 tentara
Filipina tewas
Itu berarti, Senin (29/8) itu adalah hari paling mematikan bagi pasukan Filipina sejak Presiden
Rodrigo Duterte terpilih pada bulan Mei.
Abu Sayyaf adalah kelompok jihad terkecil namun paling kejam di Filipina selatan.
Mereka terkenal karena bukan hanya menyerang tentara, namun juga menculik warga
sipil(seperti warga Indonesia) untuk dimintai uang tebusan - sebagaimana yang mereka lakukan
terhadap sejumlah pelaut warga Indonesia.
Mereka juga dikenal akan kekejamannya dalam memenggal tentara Filipina, ataupun sandera
warga sipil yang tenggat waktu pembayaran tebusannya lewat.
Kelompok terkait ISIS jebol penjara Filipina
Perang narkoba di Filipina: Perempuan yang membunuh para pengedar
Seorang juru bicara militer dikutip oleh laman berita Inquirer mengatakan bahwa para prajurit
itu tewas saat memerangi sekitar 70 anggota kelompok Abu Sayyaf di dekat kota Barangay
Maligaya, di selatan Filipina.
Setidaknya lima tentara terluka juga dalam pertempuran Senin itu.
Presiden Duterte memerintahkan militer untuk memberantas kelompok militan Abu Sayyaf
pekan lalu setelah mereka memenggal seorang warga yang diculik, yang keluarganya terlalu
miskin untuk membayar tebusan.
Para pejabat mengatakan, jatuhnya korban di pihak militer terjadi setelah tentara menewaskan
sekitar 21 orang kelompok bersenjata Abu Sayyaf, termasuk seorang komandan penting, pada
pertempuran Jumat dan Sabtu yang dipicu oleh pemenggalan itu.
Lima hal tentang kelompok Abu Sayyaf di Filipina
Lagi, WNI sandera Abu Sayyaf berhasil melarikan diri
2. Pada hari Minggu (28/8) delapan militan Islam yang berbaiat kepada apa yang disebut Negara
Islam (ISIS) dibebaskan dari penjara Lanao del Sur di selatan Filipina yang dijebol oleh
setidaknya 20 orang bersenjata dari kelompok Maute.
Kelompok Maute telah melakukan berbagai pemboman dan penculikan di wilayah Mindanao
selatan.
3. Polri: 25 dari 700 WNI yang Berhaji Lewat
Filipina Adalah TKI
Penyidik Direktorat Tindak Pidana Umum Bareskrim Polri bersama Kementerian Luar Negeri
mengidentifikasi ada 26 WNI lainnya yang juga berangkat haji melalui kloter haji Filipina, dari
total 700 jemaah haji yang berangkat ke Arab Saudi.
Fakta ini ditemukan ketika penyidik menelusuri ratusan calon jemaah haji Indonesia yang
berangkat menggunakan kuota haji Filipina.
Baca Juga
Bareskrim Curigai 2 Orang Terkait Penipuan 177 WNI di Filipina
VIDEO: 177 WNI Calon Haji di Filipina Belum Bisa Dipulangkan
Bareskrim Periksa Koordinator 177 Calon Haji WNI di Filipina
"Mereka masih di Manila, baru 26 orang yang sudah teridentifikasi sebagai WNI," kata Direktur
Tindak Pidana Umum Bareskrim Polri, Brigjen Agus Andrianto di Bareskrim Mabes Polri,
Jakarta, Senin (26/9/2016).
Agus menjelaskan, dari 26 yang berhasil diidentifikasi, 25 di antaranya adalah TKI yang berada
di Malaysia. Mereka yang berhaji menggunakan kuota Filipina ini, berangkat dengan keinginan
sendiri dan dengan bantuan dari orang Filipina yang dipanggil syekh.
"Iya, 25 yang sudah teridentifikasi ini, mereka memang langsung di sana berhubungan. Jadi
mereka ini rata-rata TKI dari Nunukan Malaysia. Mereka kenal dengan syekh yang ada di sana
(Filipina langsung)," terang Agus.
Sementara untuk satu orang lagi, terang Agus, sebelumnya masuk ke dalam rombongan 177
calon haji yang ditangkap di Filipina. Namun, dia berhasil lolos hingga ke Arab Saudi.
"Satu lagi ini terkait 177. Ada satu orang ini yang sempat lolos. Sementara itu hasil identifikasi
kita terhadap 26 orang itu," ungkap Agus.
4. Sebelumnya, ada 700 haji yang sudah tiba di Bandara Internasional Ninoy Aquino, Filipina.
Namun, Badan Reserse Kriminal Polri belum menemukan warga negara Indonesia (WNI) dari
700 haji tersebut.
Kepala Badan Reserse Kriminal Polri Komjen Ari Dono Sukmanto mengatakan, hal tersebut
berdasarkan laporan dari tim yang berangkat ke negeri jiran itu.
"Laporan dan konfirmasi langsung, baik dari tim Bareskrim serta pemerintah Filipina,
menyebutkan 700 jemaah haji yang telah tiba itu murni berasal dari Filipina. Jadi, belum ada satu
pun warga negara Indonesia di pesawat kloter pertama itu," ungkap Ari di Bareskrim Polri,
Jakarta, Selasa 20 September 2016.
5. Dua kapal Indonesia dibajak di Filipina, 10
WNI disandera
29 Maret 2016
Kirim
Image copyrightGettyImage caption Ilustrasi kapal tunda.
Dua kapal Indonesia, yakni kapal tunda Brahma 12 dan kapal tongkang Anand 12, telah dibajak
kelompok yang mengaku Abu Sayyaf di Filipina. Kedua kapal itu membawa 7.000 ton batubara
dan 10 awak kapal berkewarganegaraan Indonesia.
“Saat dibajak, kedua kapal dalam perjalanan dari Sungai Puting, Kalimantan Selatan, menuju
Batangas, Filipina Selatan,” ungkap juru bicara Kementerian Luar Negeri RI, Arrmanatha Nasir,
lewat pernyataan tertulisnya, Selasa (29/03).
Kepada BBC Indonesia, Selasa (29/03), Kepala Dinas Penerangan TNI Angkatan Laut, Kolonel
Laut Edi Sucipto, mengungkapkan pembajakan terjadi “di perairan Tawi-tawi” di Filipina
Selatan.
Menurut Edi, sebelumnya “tidak pernah ada kejadian (pembajakan) kapal Indonesia di kawasan
tersebut”.
Soal kapan kapal itu dibajak, pemerintah mengaku tidak mengetahui persis. Yang jelas, kapal
memulai pelayaran pada 15 Maret dan baru diketahui dibajak beberapa hari lalu.
“Pihak pemilik kapal baru mengetahui terjadi pembajakan pada 26 Maret, pada saat menerima
telepon dari seseorang yang mengaku dari kelompok Abu Sayyaf,” tutur Arrmanatha.
Abu Sayyaf adalah kelompok separatis yang terdiri dari milisi Islam garis keras yang berbasis di
sekitar kepulauan selatan Filipina, antara lain Jolo, Basilan dan Mindanao.
6. Awak kapal disandera
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI menegaskan Kapal Brahma 12 telah dilepaskan dan saat ini berada
di tangan otoritas Filipina.
Namun, kapal Anand 12 dan 10 awak kapal masih berada di tangan pembajak. “Belum diketahui
persis di mana posisi mereka," kata Arrmanatha
Web: www.bbc.com
http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2016/08/160830_dunia_filipina_tentara_tewas