The document outlines the complex production processes and various forms of television animation compared to live-action shows, detailing the numerous stages involved in creating animated programs. It explores different types of animated content, such as cartoons, station idents, and animated advertisements, highlighting notable examples and their evolution. Additionally, it discusses the impact of animation on cinema, music videos, and mobile applications, emphasizing its significance in contemporary media and advertising.

1. Genres and Forms
TV ANIMATION
The production procedure for a live action TV show is typically direct. Writers would come up with a script, actors
play out the script before a couple of cameras and studio audience, the footage is edited, and the show is prepared
for broadcast (This is a simplification, however, that is the general production procedure more or less).
Creating an animated TV program is a much more difficult process, including many individuals working several
hundreds of hours. In the conventional animation, still, the standard for animated TV shows, each and every frame
of an animated show must be hand drawn. The 20 or so minutes of actual footage that make up a regular half-hour
program comprises of around 30,000 individual frames.
A typical half an hour animated program of a nine-month journey,
comprising of 8 significantly vital stages:
 Writing the script;
 The table read;
 Recording voices and editing the soundtrack;
 Creating the storyboard;
 Creating the animatic;
 Creating the color;
 Editing the color;
 Adding sound effects and music.
When it comes to Television Animation there are several forms of them, this includes station idents, cartoon
programmes and comedy programmes. For instance, an example of a station ident would be the CBeebies idents
since they typically comprise of the blob like creatures and font, and were typically most likely to be drawn in a
preliminary sketch then eventually animated on a computer via software like Adobe After Effects.

2. The first animated cartoon was a silent film called ‘Pauvre Pierrot’, a French short animated film directed by Charles-
Émile Reynaud. It consists of 500 individually painted images and lasts about 15 minutes originally. Withinless than
10 years nearly 500,000 people had gone to see it.
Stop motion practises, for example cut-out animation, the utilization of construction paper and computer animation
is evident in the American TV series ‘South Park’. This means that the character was utilized as paper cut-outs.
Likewise, for the original animated shorts for the programme, construction paper was utilized. Be that as it may, set
pattern activity which implied the character was utilized as paper set patterns. Likewise, for the first energised
shorts for the program, development paper was utilized. Be that as it may, the following episodes have been
generated utilizing computer animation since it is less time consuming. The intended target audience for South Park
is grown-ups, as a result of its unrefined dialect and surreal humour. The utilization of animation is roused by the
paper cut-out kid's shows made by an animator, Terry Gilliam, for 'Monty Python's Flying Circus'. Additionally,
another TV series that utilized stop motion practises was ‘Pingu’ though it was another form animation- clay
animation.

3. Cartoons became popular to create and watch in 1920s-1970s. The top trending cartoons were ‘Scooby Doo, Tom
and Jerry, Top Cat, The Flintstones’ etc. They were produced by top companies, for instance, ‘Hanna-Barbera’ and
‘Warner Brothers’ which are still being shown to this day as well as having remakes.
CHANNEL IDENTS
Station Identification (ident or station ID) is the act of radio or TV stations or networks distinguishing themselves
on air, regularly by methods for a call sign or brand name (some of the time known, especially in the United
States, as a "sounder" or "stinger", all the more for the most part as a station or network ID). This might be to
fulfil necessities of licensing authorising, a type of branding or a blend of both. All things considered, it is firmly
identified with production logos utilized as a part of TV and cinema, alike.

4. BBC are well known for their assortment of channel idents through the years. BBC 3 ident share several similar
characteristics from the CBeebies ident. They utilize bright eye-catching colours and the reason for their similarities
is because they were created by the same organisation.
On the 10th
December 2007 E4 debuted a presentation packaged and design company Noah Harris produced 5 new
idents for the channel. The idents combined live action, stop-motion and CG. The conventional E4 logo is rendered
in several ways, a few of them were completely altered from the original. Each spot featured a tiny yellow toy pig-
since "yellow is the colour opposite of the logo's purple" and because it "somehow reflects the channel's identity",
stated by Noah Harris.
Jason Delahunty, E4 senior producer said the new idents "needed to have longevity" but "retain something new for
the viewer each time". The 5 idents altered a conventional British scene- for instance, a barn, a beach hut or a hotel
- into a "deranged E4 space" where the "weird and wonderful colourfully unfolds".
Majority of the channels have TV idents like BBC 1, 2,3 and 4 and the ITV, MTV and Channel 4 channels. The
lengths shift contingent upon which channel they're being appeared on. Some last up to 45seconds, however, some
are just 5 seconds. More often than not, TV idents have voiceovers saying what up and coming shows will be on
next and infrequently do a brisk review of these shows. On the off chance that an ident was quite boring with a
"We wanted something that reflected E4's personality - beautifully
random, joyously daft and generally not taking things too seriously," said
Neil Gorringe, creative director, E4.

5. dull atmosphere, it sorts of shapes the channel overall as an uninteresting channel.TV idents make the channel
more identifiable, similar to when channel 4 has the animation of bright signs in a bustling city which converges
into a 4, everyone perceives that ident.
MTV is a decent case of the animation in a TV ident. They've generally utilize brilliant hues, in the images below
this is clearly evident, in the centre picture of the man on the moon which was made in 1980's. Another part of
MTV idents is that the graphics utilized are normally very retro with all the animated pictures utilized, particularly
in this ident underneath which indicates loads of fun, brilliant retro pictures gone for their intended target
audience of for the most part teenagers.
CINEMA
In Cinema, animated movies are typically shown on the timetables
constantly, additionally a lot of blockbuster animation movies, for example,
‘Flushed Away’, ‘Chicken Run’ and ‘Toy Story’. Films like them can take
quite a while and they are done in various ways; the initial two movies,
Flushed Away and Chicken Run was created by British animation studios,
Aardman. Aardman animates utilizing plasticine and actual sets and would
consume a lot of time in order to finish a production relying upon how
much staff a production has.
Toy Story could
have been
accomplished in a much faster framework, though
Disney Pixar generally focus more on preparatory
sketches and animating these on a computer and
advancement of a story so the production time can truly differ contingent upon how much the producer needs to
put into a solitary production; Disney Pixar also add numerous enhancements to their production and making
these in 'Disney 3D' and IMAX format, and in addition the standard 2D format.
Aardman animations put together their first feature length film of 84 minutes ‘Chicken Run’. Another
Claymation/Stop-motion animation film but the first where Aardman teamed up with DreamWorks, this was made
in the year 2000. ‘Chicken Run’ was made on a goliath scale by Nick Park and peter Lord having 15ft long sets, over

6. 100s of characters and only 180 pairs of hands to complete it. The film grossed over 180 million dollars and is
recognised around the world by both, children and adults as a comedic and a legendary animation.
The film has a 24fps frame rate, resulting that every second has 24 images within it, and it took a week in the studio
to create one minute of film. The Chicken Run characters are made around an armature. An armature is a metal
frame that bends and moves giving you the freedom to control it, this makes it feasible to make the chicken move
around more realistically. An example of an armature, as you can see in the illustration it is in the shape of a body,
and each bodily joint can bend, like elbows and wrists, near enough all bodily parts that can move by the human
body, can be moved by an armature. The characters are made out of clay, and the clay is casted around the flexible
metal structure (armature).
Cartoon movies are very well known in the film particularly among kids as with regards to animation since they
enjoy the most in going to the cinema to watch films. Be that as it may, as of late another grown-up animated film
has come out called ‘Sausage Party'.
Designers are the creators of the character, the foundations and make the base of the story meaning the storyline,
the plot and so forth. The script must be itemised before being sent off to the storyboards since that is the thing
that will figure out what actions the characters will make, the background noises, dialogue et cetera. Craftsmen will
then make foundations, colours and will outline them onto paper. Animators will gather this data and begin
making the animation in a 3D environment.
ADVERTISING
The absolute most viral adverts from individuals' childhoods will have been animated by young experts who went
ahead to extraordinary things. On the off chance that you have ever viewed a VHS you recorded years ago, it's
mostly the adverts in-between of the film or shows taped that stirs up the strongest feelings of nostalgia.
Back in the mid-1930's, adverts were, for the most part, live theatrical broadcasts that comprised of somebody
instructing you to purchase an item. The animation was, for the most part, saved for comic strips or short skits in
the Nickel Odeon's (motion picture theatres). It wasn’t long until the astounding capability of art and animation
inside the advertising world was found in the 1940’s.

7. One of the oldest recorded animated
adverts is a stop motion short promoting
for gifts to send matches to troops. It is
named Matches an Appeal and was made
by Arthur Melbourne-Copper. It used to
stop motion to show a matchstick man
spelling out the organisations' name. In
addition to the fact that it is viewed as
the earliest advertisement, however
maybe even the earliest case of a
completely animated film.
The unfathomable illustration work being
finished by companies, for example, Coca-
Cola, who contracted artist and illustrator
Norman Rockwell to paint their ads between
of 1925 and 1939, are still right up 'til the
present time seen as pieces of modern art,
with an anticipated deal cost of $500,000 if
they somehow managed to go to auction.
Advertisers frequently utilize different approaches to catch an audience and draw in watchers to their
advertisements to make them more effective. A case of this is 'Compare the Meerkat' which is a viral ad for
'Compare the Market (.com)' The advertising campaign is produced by the VCPP Agency. They are claimed by the
BGL group and ‘Compare The Meerkat’ has been positioned the fourth most visited insurance site in the UK. It had
dramatically increased deals through Compare the Market year on year. This has reached out past a TV
advertisement and 'Aleksandr Orlov' (the meerkat) has now got a book, an iPhone application, text, twitter account
and mobile ringtones. The style of this animation is authenticity as the meerkat looks genuine as well as its
environment, however, they are all in certainty computer animated.
1899
Norman Rockwell made Coca Cola the icon it is today

8. Another example of an advertisement where stop-motion animation is used, is the viral ‘Evian’s Baby Inside’ advert.
Evian’s ‘Roller Babies’ clearly shows the utilization of stop-motion and it is one of the most watched videos of all
time. The Evian’s Baby Inside advert shows several adults wearing baby t-shirt filmed in stop-motion, according to
stats it took approximately 6 months to produce.
The most mainstream method for promoting utilizing videos is TV adverts. This is on the grounds that TV's are all
over and most families own a TV in their home. Adverts show up in the middle of program breaks and are there to
promote organisations or brands. In 2008, UK burned through £1.6 billion just on promoting an item they were
offering. TV adverts typically last up to 30 seconds, generally, the audience will get bored and not have any desire
to purchase whatever is on the advert, so they need to make it concise and engaging. The most famous animated
adverts are John Lewis ones which come on consistently around Christmas, particularly 2015 one of the men on the
moon. This is a special effects animation demonstrating a young lady who sends letters and gifts to an old man on
the moon at Christmas.
MUSIC VIDEO
Similar to advertising and TV idents, the utilization of stop-motion in music videos is a quirky way to portray what
the music video intends. Using stop-motion is a way to be creative and this is what is projected within stop-motion
music videos. There are several other different things that could be utilized with stop-motion to show things, for
instance, the beat of the music, the speed and in order to highlight the mood of the music playing in that

9. background. Using stop-motion technique in music videos would naturally catch people’s attention as it makes the
audience listen to music as their eyes are glued to the visuals. The music video underneath is an example of this,
the visual imagery would force the viewers to watch it as it is something very quirky and different from the
conventional music video. This type of music video utilizes the technique of pixilation to help the music.
Animated music videos have been in trend for a while, there
are 2 types of music video animations. One being cartoon
style animation, for instance, Aardman Animations produced
Justin Bieber’s Christmas song and Peter Gabriels
‘Sledgehammer’. Katy Perry’s ‘ET’ music video uses special
effects. Special effects are utilized a lot in films, TV
programmes and in music videos so when there’s an
explosion the viewers will be more dramatic. Not only it is
entertaining but it is also being creative, for instance, in ET
music video the special effects are used to make humans look
extraterrestrial.
COMPUTER GAMES
Majority of the computer games now are animated, however, the are several ways that computer games are
animated. For instance, Super Mario galaxy which focuses strongly on gameplay, bright attractive colours and
utilization of preliminary sketches. How the characters and items such as the starts could be animated through a
sketch or drawing pas connected to a computer and later
being animated via computer as everything has detail but not
as in depth as other fame like ‘Call of Duty’ of the special
effects that may have drawn at first and later animated or they
could have been made via utilization of computer software.
Call of Duty have had ideas sketched out on pater etc. or
drawn on to graphics tablets. If this isn’t done, it would have
to been re-rendered on computer software as the games are
very realistic and would need more detail.
Animated computer games are for the users as most of them are interactive. They are more for entertainment
purposes than anything else. having to pick up physical pieces every time. Online games are easy to use and you can
connect with other players. But when it comes to computer games you will have to pay for an upgrade of the game
or to delete advert pop-ups which ruins the leisure of the game and could also be a problem for people if they don’t
want to pay for it but they’re being bothered to pay for it.
Stop-motion is also utilized in computer games as an alternative to CGI, in order to make the movement of the
characters in the game. The characters and animated one frame at a time, they are then incorporated into the CGI
elements of the computer game with the utilization of digital photography. The characters are most often made
from clay. An example of this in computer games is clay fighter.

10. MOBILE PHONES
When it comes to discussing animation, mobile phones are not really the first thing that comes to mind, they can be
very effective tools when utilized in the right situations. This advertisement campaign was utilized to advertise a
ringtone for mobile phones for a company called Jamster. There were several complaints about how a penis and
scrotum are visible in the advertisement but the ringtone itself was quite catchy and was very popular with children,
teenagers and young adult. The ringtone was premium and required users to pay to utilize Jamsters service on a
weekly basis, users would have to read the small print to know they were in fact signing up to a non-limited
contract which took £4 per week from their mobile account. The ringtone was very much popular amongst children
and this caused controversy as it appears it was aimed at kids and with the growing rate of children having mobile
phones they wanted this ringtone without realising the consequences of this. Another one of Jamsters schemes was
called ‘Crazy Chick’ which comprised a dancing chick being charged the same way as the ‘Crazy Frog’ however this
acted as a screensaver/wallpaper. Both frog and chick were computer generated but contains motion allowing them
to movie in various ways, for instance, in the advertising campaign ‘crazy
frog’ looked as though he was driving a motorbike but you can’t see it.
Stop-motion can be utilized with mobile phones now, it is the world’s
smallest animation, shot with a Nokia N8. It has 12 megapixels and was
made utilizing Celescope technology, it was made with a 3D moduler and
then stuck it on a pin and moved about. It is very creative since the
background objects are real life object, which really shows how small ‘Dot’
is.
This is one of the most
spectacular utilization of model
animation for a computer game
was for this Virgin Interactive
Entertainment Mythos gam Magic and Mayhem (1998). The game’s
creatures and characters were constructed by animation expert Alan
Friswell, using the stop-motion techniques used in the films of Willis
O'Brien and Ray Harryhausen. The figures were made of modelling clay
and rubber, over an amative of wire and ball-and-socket joints. Utilizing
this technique is not only clever but it's what makes the computer game
so realistic. In addition to this, the 1996 computer game The Neverhood,
which features the technique of clay animation.
WEBSITES
Internet allows us to experiment in movie making with stop-motion, to do
this with modern stop-motion software. Stop-motion has been getting
quite popular on the web, with stop-motion videos ranking up thousand
and even millions of views on websites like YouTube. Since anyone can
upload images it means that people who are experimenting with stop-
motion animation can upload their videos onto the web for others to view.
Thus, not only advertising forms of stop-motion animation but for the
markers to get more views. A huge range of stop-motion techniques have
been showed in video on YouTube. For instance, Clay animation with
action figures, objects and many more. An example of this is T-shirt War,
it is very popular on YouTube and has over 10 million views, they have
been very creative and the way they have executed is very clever and
unique. They have paid attention to the small details in order for it to look realistic.
BIBLIOGRAPHIES
 Russell, S. (n.d.). How TV Animation Works. [online] howstuffworks?. Available at:
http://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/tv-animation1.htm [Accessed 10 Jun. 2017].
 down with design. (2012). The art of the ident – TV Channels. [online] Available at:
http://www.downwithdesign.com/logo-design/the-art-of-the-ident/ [Accessed 10 Jun. 2017].

11.  Thetvroom.com. (2007). Channel 4 � E4 � December 2007 - Present � Idents [1]. [online] Available at:
http://thetvroom.com/ch-4/e-4-2007-12-id-010.html [Accessed 10 Jun. 2017].
 Vincent, T. and Mitchell, B. (2013). A History of Advertising in Animation - Skwigly Animation Magazine. [online]
Skwigly Animation Magazine. Available at: http://www.skwigly.co.uk/advertising-in-animation/ [Accessed 10 Jun. 2017].