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Genetic-Engineering lsjjddiifriojjmfrkfvlnijfdv
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- 3. Genetic engineering is thedirect manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology. It covers different kinds of technologies used to alter the genomes that includes the insertion of genes from other individual either the same or from different species that aims to produce or improve products.
- 4. Artificial selection isdone to indirectly manipulate genes focusing on the physical traits among organisms. 1. Selective breeding is a process when animals with desired characteristics are mated to produce offspring with those desired traits. 2. Hybridizations are when two individuals with unlike characteristics are crossed to produce the best in both organisms. 3. Inbreeding is a technique of breeding organisms that are genetically similar to maintain desired traits found in the pure dog breeds.
- 5. As defined, geneticengineering is the process of changing the DNA in living organisms to create something new. It involves artificial manipulation, modification, and recombination of DNA or other nucleic acid molecules to modify an organism or population of organisms.
- 6. Recombinant DNA Technology RecombinantDNA is made by mixing DNA from two different sources. Restriction enzymes were discovered in 1968 by Swiss microbiologist Werner Arbe. This was used to splice, connect (or ligate), and remove or add nucleotides to sequences of the DNA.
- 7. Recombinant DNA Technology Thisprocess is used in recombinant DNA technology to remove and insert genetic sequences from and into other sequences of other organisms.
- 8. A vector isneeded to transfer a gene into a host cell ►VECTOR • plasmids or viruses are vectors VIRUS chromosome PLASMID A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA in a bacterium.
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- 10. Uses of geneticengineering: 1. To make insulin for use by diabetic persons Before genetic engineering, where did insulin come from?
- 11. Uses of geneticengineering: 2. To make growth hormone to treat dwarfism
- 12. Uses of geneticengineering: 3. To prepare vaccines
- 13. Uses of geneticengineering: 4. To make plants resistant to disease Tomato mosaic virus causes great damage
- 14. Uses of geneticengineering: 5. To make pigs, cows or fish grow faster
- 15. Uses of geneticengineering: 6. Higher production of milk by cows Hill 1'20°/o IL--1 -- --
- 16. Uses of geneticengineering: 7. To make pigs with less fat - leaner meat. Control GM O
- 17. Gene Therapy ►when agene in inserted into a sick person Bone marrow containing stem cells is removed from lhe hip bone The "vector' is used lo carry the gene into the stem cell Siem cells with lhe new gene inside are given back lo lhe patient 5 days later
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- 19. Less-flatulent cows Scientists haveidentified the bacterium responsible for producing methane and designed a line of cattle that creates 25 % less methane than the average cow.
- 20. Golden Rice: isgenetically modified (rich in vitamin A) Ordinary rice Genetically modified ri• ce
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- 22. Goats makeSilk Proteinin Milk Strong, flexible spider silk is one of the most valuable materials in nature, and it could be used to make manyproducts - from artificial ligaments to parachute cords. This "silk milk" could then be used to manufacture a web-like material called Biosteel.
- 23. Tadpoles which Fluoresce Tadpolesmodified with jellyfish genes show promise as a faster and less expensive way to detect pollution than traditional methods.
- 24. Featherless Chickens Grow betterin warm countries. No need of cooling. May 22, 2002
- 25. Pest-Resistant Cabbage Gene thatprograms poison in scorpion tails was combined withcabbage. These genetically modified cabbages produce scorpion poison that kills caterpillars when they bite leaves - but the toxin is modified so it isn't harmful to humans.
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- 27. Strawberry with antifreeze Antifreezeis a chemical found in a fish living in cold water to avoid its blood freezing. Gene able to make this antifreeze was introduced into strawberries to avoid them from mushing up when frozen. But they become blue.
- 28. Grow faster, yieldbetter wood Australian eucalyptus trees have been altered to withstand freezing temperatures. Loblolly pines have been created with less lignin - better to make paper.