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#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 1
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 2
Agenda
8:05 Genes in Space Overview Scott Copeland, Boeing
8:10 PCR Science & Technology Ezequiel Alvarez Saavedra Ph.D., miniPCR
8:15 My Experiment in Space Anna-Sophia Boguraev, 2015 Winner
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 3
An idea is born on
Boston Drydock
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 4
Genes in Space
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 5
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 6
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 7
DNA Technology has transformed our world
PCR
Text
Text
Forensics
Food and
agriculture
Consumer
genomics
Molecular
diagnostics
Personalized
medicine
Human
evolution
Text Text
Text
Text
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 8
7-12th graders explore a real-world question
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 9
miniPCR: Part of the Space Exploration toolkit
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 10
If I were an
astronaut…
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 11
Spaceflight impairs astronauts’ immune response
• Overall immune depression
• Decreased Interferonγ (Ifnγ):Interlukin-10 (IL-10) ratio
 T-helper 2 (Th2) shift
Naïve CD4+
Precursor
Th1
Th2
Promotes Cell-Mediated Immunity:
lFNγ
IL-2
TNFβ
Promotes Humoral Immunity:
IL-4
IL-10
IL-6
Background
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 12
Background
Epigenetics: external DNA modifications
DNA methylation
• CG dinucleotides
Source: http://www-medchem.ch.cam.ac.uk/lab_rotations/murrell.php
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 13
Promoter DNA methylation silences gene transcription
DNA methylation aids Th cell differentiation
Previous research indicated spaceflight-associated changes in
DNA methylation
Naïve CD4+
Precursor
Th1
Th2
CNS-6 INFγ
IL-4 P1 IL-4
CNS-6 INFγ
IL-4 P1 IL-4
CNS-6 INFγ
IL-4 P1 IL-4
Background
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 14
Can we amplify DNA in space?
Can we amplify bisulfite converted DNA in space?
Can we use these techniques to assay immune related genes?
Goals
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 15
Results
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 16
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 17
#GenesinSpace www.genesinspace.org 18
Lateral gene
transfer in bacterial
biofilms, MA
2016 Genes in Space Finalists
Measuring telomere
length, NY
Genetic drift in
microgravity, OK
Viral reactivation
during spaceflight,
MA
Monitor oxidative
stress on-orbit, MI

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